TM38837 is a peripheral selective cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist. TM38837 shows limited penetrance to the brain in order to minimize or prevent CNS adverse reactions, and preserves potential antiobesity effects. TM38837 reduces propensity for psychiatric side effects[1][2].
Carveol is an endogenous metabolite.
Arachidonic acid-alkyne is aω‑alkynyl lipid surrogates for polyunsaturated fatty acid. Arachidonic acid-alkyne has low rates of oxidation. Arachidonic acid-alkyne can be used for tracking the polyunsaturated fatty acids[1].
CP-868388 free base is a potent, selective and orally active PPARα agonist with a Ki value of 10.8 nM. CP-868388 free base has little or no affinity for PPARβ (Ki of 3.47 μM) and PPARγ. CP-868388 free base has hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory actions[1].
β-Tocopherol is an analogue of vitamin E, exhibits antioxidant properties. β-Tocopherol can inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. β-Tocopherol also can prevent the inhibition of cell growth and of PKC activity caused by d-alpha-tocopherol[1][2][3].
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic drug of the thiazide class. Target: OthersHydrochlorothiazide belongs to thiazide class of diuretics. It reduces blood volume by acting on the kidneys to reduce sodium (Na) reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. The major site of action in the nephron appears on an electroneutral Na+-Cl? co-transporter by competing for the chloride site on the transporter. By impairing Na transport in the distal convoluted tubule, hydrochlorothiazide induces a natriuresis and concomitant water loss. Thiazides increase the reabsorption of calcium in this segment in a manner unrelated to sodium transport. Additionally, by other mechanisms, Hydrochlorothiazide is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance [1].
Adipic acid-13C6 is the 13C labeled Adipic acid[1]. Adipic acid is found to be associated with HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, and medium Chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism[2].
4μ8C (IRE1 Inhibitor III) is a small-molecule inhibitor of IRE1α.
Methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate is an endogenous metabolite.
D-Glucose-13C-5 is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response[1].
Guanidinoethyl sulfonate (Taurocyamine), a transport antagonist of taurine, induces much urinary taurine excretion with a resulting decrease in the tissue taurine content and readily produces taurine-deficient fetal rats in pregnant rats[1]. Guanidinoethyl sulfonate, a structural analogue of taurine, acts as a competitive inhibitor of taurine transport[2].
Boeravinone E exhibits spasmolytic activity[1].
7-Methylcoumarin, a coumarin, exhibits strong hepatoprotective activity and potent antioxidant effect[1].
E2-CDS (Estradiol 17-Dihydrotrigonelline) is a redox-based chemical delivery system for estradiol (E2). E2-CDS is capable of sustained and brain-selective delivery of estradiol[1].
(Rac)-WAY-161503 hydrochloride is a potent, selective, high affinity 5-HT2C receptor agonist with a Ki of 4 nM and an EC50 of 12 nM. (Rac)-WAY-161503 hydrochloride displays higher affinity for 5-HT2C than 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. (Rac)-WAY-161503 hydrochloride has anti-obesity and antidepressant effects[1][2].
α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate) is a potent and non-competitive inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid inhibits mitochondrial pyruvate transporter with a Ki of 6.3 μM. α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid is used as a matrix to facilitate peptide ionization in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry applications[1][2].
AS2034178 free base, a specific and orally active GPR40 agonist, exhibits glucose-dependent insulin secretion enhancement. AS2034178 free base has potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus research[1].
5-HT2B antagonist-1 is an orally active 5-HT2B receptor antagonist with an IC50 value of 33.4 nM. 5-HT2B antagonist-1 can be used in studies of diseases characterized by 5-HT2B receptor signaling, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, cardiovascular disease or gastrointestinal disease[1][2].
CDD3505 is used for elevating high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) by inducing hepatic cytochrome P450IIIA (CYP3A) activity.
C-Peptide 2, rat, 31-amino-acid peptide, is a component of proinsulin. C-Peptide 2, rat can inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion[1][2].
Ketohexokinase inhibitor 1 is an inhibitor of ketohexokinase (KHK), with IC50s of 8.4 nM and 66 nM for KHK-C and KHK-A, respectively, extracted from patent US 20170183328 A1, example 4.
FAA1 agonist-1 is a potent free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/ GPR40) agonist with a pEC50 of 7.54.
Biotin (Vitamin B7) sodium is a water-soluble B vitamin and serves as a coenzyme for five carboxylases in humans, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis. Biotin sodium is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids[1][2][3].
SHU 9119 is a potent human melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors (MC3/4R) antagonist and a partial MC5R agonist; with IC50 values of 0.23, 0.06, and 0.09 nM for human MC3R, MC4R and MC5R, respectively.
L-Biotin, also known as biotin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is an essential cofactor in the carboxylation of several enzymes. L-Biotin is involved in fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism[1].
QM295 is an endoplasmic reticulum oxidation 1 (ERO1) inhibitor with selectively reversible thiol reactivity. QM295 can be used for the research of endoplasmic reticulum stress[1].
Palmitic acid-13C16 sodium is the 13C-labeled Palmitic acid sodium. Palmitic acid sodium is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid sodium can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells[1][2].
Niacin (Vitamin B3; Nicotinic acid) hydrochloride is an orally active B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin hydrochloride plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin hydrochloride is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2].
Ezetimibe phenoxy glucuronide is the active metabolite of Ezetimibe. Antihyperlipoproteinemic activity[1]. Ezetimibe is a potent cholesterol absorption inhibitor[2].
Miglitol-d4 is deuterium labeled Miglitol.