[Arg-15,-20,-21,Leu17]-PACAP-Gly-Lys-Arg-NH2 (BM-PACAP) is a synthetic PACAP 1-27 (HY-P0176) analogue with relaxant effect[1].
BM152054 can promote glucose utilization in peripheral tissues by enhancing insulin action.
CMP-Sialic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) is an allosteric inhibitor of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase. CMP-Sialic acid provides a substrate for Golgi sialyltransferases. CMP-Sialic acid is an important sugar nucleotide for biosynthesis of sialic acid and its conjugates[1].
Lacnotuzumab (MCS110) is a neutralizing humanized IgG1/κ monoclonal antibody targeting CSF-1 that prevents CSF-1 from activating the CSF-1R. Lacnotuzumab can be used for the research of pigmented villonodular synovitis[1][2].
4,5-Dimethoxybenzene-1,2-diamine 4,5-Dimethoxybenzene-1,2-diamine can be used as a standard for the determination of methyldiacetaldehyde, an intermediate product of glycolysis and a diabetic ketone Biomarkers of acidosis[1].
Paeonoside is a bioactive compound identified in P. suffruticosa that promotes wound healing and migration in osteoblast differentiation. Paeonoside has also been reported to have some antidiabetic activity and may prevent sepsis-induced lethality[1].
Neopuerarin B is an isoflavones isolated from the water extraction of the dried roots of Pueraria lobata (Willd.). Neopuerarin B shows significant hepatoprotective effect[1].
2-Methylsuccinic acid is a normal metabolite in human fluids and the main biochemical measurable features in ethylmalonic encephalopathy.
Stachyose is a prebiotic, a non-reducing tetrasaccharide in the rafnose family of oligosaccharides with few side efects.
Menin-MLL inhibitor 19, a potent exo-aza spiro inhibitor of menin-mll interaction, example A17, extracted from patent WO2019120209A1. Menin-MLL inhibitor 19 can be used for the reseaech of various diseases, such as cancer, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and diabetes[1].
Diphenyl disulfide is an endogenous metabolite.
11β-HSD1-IN-7 (compound c10a) is a 11β‑HSD1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.9 μM for human 11β‑HSD1. 11β-HSD1-IN-7 can be used for the research of diabetes and cognitive decline[1].
Phenformin (1-phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active antidiabetic and anticancer agent. Phenformin has an incidence of associated lactic acidosis. Phenformin acts through acting AMPK activation and blocking mTOR pathway. Phenformin is also a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and an OXPHOS inhibitor. Phenformin induces cancer cell apoptosis[1][2].
Flavanomarein is a predominant flavonoid of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt with protective effects against diabetic nephropathy. Flavanomarein has good antioxidative, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and anti-hyperlipidemic activities[1][2].
D-Glucose-13C,d is the deuterium and 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical sign
MJN-228 is a selective ligand for the lipid-binding protein nucleobindin 1 (NUCB1) with IC50 of 3.3 uM (blocks AEA-DA probe labeling of NUCB1); shows no affinity for other arachidonoyl probe-protein interactions in HEK293T cell lysate; a probe used to elucidate the role of NUCB1 in lipid metabolic pathways in cells.
YM-53601 free base is a squalene synthetase inhibitor which suppresses lipogenic biosynthesis and lipid secretion in rodents.
T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) is a toxic trichothecene mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium species in feedstuffs and cereal grains, LD50 values of T-2 Toxin in mice and rats are 5.2 and 1.5 mg/kg BWa,respectively [1]. T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) can be transformed into a variety of metabolite, the typical metabolites of T-2 toxin in animals are HT-2 toxin and T-2-triol, which are hydrolysates[1]. T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) is an inhibitor of protein synthesis resulting from binding peptidyltransferase, which is an integral part of the 60s ribosomal subunit. T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA, interferes with the metabolism of membrane phospholipids, and increases the level of liver lipid peroxides[1]. T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) induces apoptosis in the immune system, gastrointestinal tissues, and fetal tissues[2].
Phloretin(NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a dihydrochalcone, a type of natural phenols. Phloretin inhibits the active transport of glucose into cells by SGLT1 and SGLT2.IC50 Value: 49 +/- 12 microM [4]Target: SGLT1/2in vitro: Phlorizin blocks glucose transport across the renal tubule at concentrations in renal blood and tissue in the range of 10-5 to 10-7 M [1]. PT significantly enhanced glycerol release and inhibited the adipogenesis-related transcription factors. PT also promoted phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and increased activity of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase in 3T3-L1 cells [2]. Phloretin induced obvious cytotoxicity against BEL-7402 cells with IC50 of 89.23 microg/mL. The growth curve demonstrated decreased growth of the cells as phloretin concentration increased [3]. D-glucose-transport activity was observed with a Km for D-glucose of 3.4 +/- 0.2 mM (mean +/- S.E.M.) and was inhibited by cytochalasin B (IC50= 0.44 +/- 0.03 microM), HgCl2 (IC50)= 3.5 +/- 0.5 microM), phloretin (IC50= 49 +/- 12 microM) and phloridzin (IC50= 355 +/- 67 microM) [4].in vivo: The effect of phloridzin orally doses 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight on diabetes was tested in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetes type 1. From beneficial effect of this compound is significant reduction of blood glucose levels and improve dyslipidemia in diabetic rats [5].
SU3327 is a potent, selective and substrate-competitive JNK inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.7 μM. SU3327 also inhibits protein-protein interactions between JNK and JNK Interacting Protein (JIP) with an IC50 of 239 nM. SU3327 shows less active against p38α and Akt kinase[1][2].
2-Phenylacetamide is an endogenous metabolite.
D-myo-Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate sodium salt is the hexapotassium salt of D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-IP3), which is a second messenger that stimulates the discharge of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Byakangelicin, one of the active compounds found in the roots of Angelica gigas, can serve as a modulator to improve brain accumulation of diverse active compounds (Umb, Cur, and Dox) and enhance therapeutic effects[1]. Byakangelicin is likely to increase the expression of all PXR target genes (such as MDR1) and induce a wide range of drug-drug interactions. Byakangelicin can inhibit the effects of sex hormones, it may increase the catabolism of endogenous hormones[2].
CID 1375606 is a surrogate agonist of orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR27.
Hyaluronan synthase is a membrane protein that requires only Mg+2 and two sugar-UDP substrates (GlcUA-UDP and GlcNAc-UDP) to polymerize HA chains. Hyaluronan synthase catalyzes the biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA)[1][2].
Methyl phenylacetate is an endogenous metabolite.
Mogroside VI, a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the extracts of Luo Han Guo, is a nonsugar sweetener. Mogrosides are sweeter than sucrose. Mogrosides exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activities[1].
Efaroxan hydrochloride is a potent and selective α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, antidiabetic activity. Efaroxan hydrochloride is a selective I1-Imidazoline receptor antagonist and can be used for the research of cardiovascular disease[1][2][3].