Etiprednol dicloacetate (BNP 166) is an anti-inflammatory agent. Etiprednol dicloacetate inhibits eosinophil accumulation. Etiprednol dicloacetate can be used in the research of inflammatory airway diseases, such as asthma[1][2].
Amfenac Sodium Hydrate is a COX-2 inhibitor.
HEC96719 is a selective and orally active tricyclic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist with EC50 values of 1.37 and 1.55 nM by time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) and luciferase reporter assays, respectively. HEC96719 significantly improves non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis with favorable tissue distribution in liver and intestine. HEC96719 can be used for the research of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis[1].
Diflumidone is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug.
Atuzabrutinib is a potent BTK (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) inhibitor (patent WO2016100914A1)[1].
(3R,5S)-Atorvastatin sodium is an impurity of Atorvastatin. Atorvastatin is an orally active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has the ability to effectively decrease blood lipids. Atorvastatin inhibits human SV-SMC proliferation and invasion with IC50s of 0.39 μM and 2.39 μM, respectively[1][2][3].
G6PDi-1 is a reversible and non-competitive glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.07 μM. G6PDi-1 depletes NADPH most strongly in lymphocytes. G6PDi-1 markedly decreases inflammatory cytokine production in T cells[1].
CCG-50014 is the most potent against the regulator of G-protein signaling protein type 4 (RGS4) (IC50 =30 nM) and is >20-fold selective for RGS4 over other RGS proteins. CCG-50014 binds covalently to the RGS, forming an adduct on two cysteine residues located in an allosteric regulatory site[1]. CCG50014, reduces nociceptive responses and enhances opioid-mediated analgesic effects in the mouse formalin test[2].
Triamcinolone Acetonide is a more potent type of triamcinolone, being about 8 times as effective as prednisone. Target: Glucocorticoid ReceptorTriamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid used to treat various skin conditions, to relieve the discomfort of mouth sores, and in nasal spray form, to treat allergic rhinitis. It is a more potent derivative of triamcinolone, and is about 8 times as potent as prednisone [1].
Cubebin is a dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan isolated from the crude hexane extract of the leaves of Zanthoxyllum naranjillo. Cubebin shows a significant anti-inflammatory activity[1].
S1PR1 agonist 2 is a potent agonist of S1PR1. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a cell membrane-derived lysophospholipid signalling molecule that exerts its physiological functions mainly by stimulating some members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. S1PR1 agonist 2 has the potential for the research of autoimmune diseases (extracted from patent WO2021175225A1, compound 1)[1].
TL4-12 is a selective MAP4K2/GCK inhibitor, dose-dependently downregulates IKZF1 and BCL-6 and leads to MM cell proliferation inhibition (IC50=37 nM) accompanied by induction of apoptosis. TL4-12 can be used to overcome immunomodulatory drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM)[1].
1-Hydroxy Ibuprofen is a metabolite of Ibuprofen in P. australis[1]. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively[1].
DDR1 inhibitor 2.45 (Compound 2.45) is a novel potent, selective, bioavailable Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) inhibitor with IC50 of 29 nM, displays 64-fold selectivity over DDR2 in biochemical assays; also possesses excellent kinome selectivity against a kinase panel of 468 kinases; Compound 2.45 inhibits DDR1 phosphorylation (70% inhibition at 1 uM in HT1080 cells overexpressing DDR1) and recruitment of SHC1 in vitro, and modulates phenotype of collagen stimulated renal epithelial cells; Compound 2.45 preserves renal function and reduces tissue damage in Col4a3−/− mice (the preclinical mouse model of Alport syndrome).
Niflumic acid, a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel blocker, is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Target: Othersniflumic acid, an inhibitor of calcium-activated chloride currents. Niflumic acid does not block directly calcium channels or activate potassium channels. Niflumic acid selectively reduces a component of noradrenaline- and 5-HT-induced pressor responses by inhibiting a mechanism which leads to the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels [1]. Niflumic acid molecule is completely buried in the substrate-binding hydrophobic channel. The conformations of the binding site in PLA(2) as well as that of niflumic acid are not altered upon binding [2]. Niflumic acid (NFA) produces biphasic behavior on human CLC-K channels that suggests the presence of two functionally different binding sites: an activating site and a blocking site [3].
Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.
AQX-016A is an orally active and potent SHIP1 agonist. AQX-016A can activate recombinant SHIP1 enzyme in vitro and stimulate SHIP1 activity. AQX-016A also can inhibit the PI3K pathway and TNFa production, can be useful for various inflammatory diseases research[1][2].
LY210073 is a Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 6.2 nM.
Tinoridine hydrochloride is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and also has potent radical scavenger and antiperoxidative activity.
Escin IIb, isolated from horse chestnut, the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L., has positive effects on acute inflammation in animals[1]. Escin IIb showed potent protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions[2].
SRTCX1002 (SRTCX-1002) is a small molecule activator of SIRT1 (STAC) with EC1.5 of 0.4 uM, enhances deacetylation of cellular p65 protein with IC50 of 0.84 uM in cellular p65 acetylation assay; suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activation and reduction of LPS-stimulated TNFα secretion in a SIRT1-dependent manner.
Y-320 is a new phenylpyrazoleanilide immunomodulator; inhibits IL-17 production by CD4 T cells stimulated with IL-15 with IC50 values of 20 to 60 nM.IC50 value: 20-60 nM (IL-17 production) [1]Target: IL-17Y-320 inhibited IL-17 production by CD4 T cells stimulated with IL-15 with IC50 values of 20 to 60 nM. Oral administration of Y-320 (0.3 to 3 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the development and progression of arthritis and joint destruction with reduction of IL-17 mRNA expression in arthritic joints of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. Y-320 in combination with anti-murine tumor necrosis factor-α monoclonal antibody showed a synergistic effect on mouse CIA. Moreover, therapeutic treatment with Y-320 (0.3 and 1 mg/kg orally) ameliorated CIA in cynomolgus monkeys [1].
Tr-PEG5-OH is a non-cleavable 5 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
Laquinimod (ABR-215062) sodium, an orally available carboxamide derivative, is a potent immunomodulator which prevents neurodegeneration and inflammation in the central nervous system. Laquinimod sodium reduces astrocytic NF-κB activation to protect from Cuprizone-induced demyelination. Laquinimod sodium has the potential for relapsing remitting (RR) and chronic progressive (CP) forms of multiple sclerosis (MS; RRMS or CPMS) as well as neurodegenerative diseases research[1][2][3][4].
Digoxigenin is a hapten, a small molecule with high antigenicity, that is used in many molecular biology applications, as an alternative probe labeling for in situ hybridization
Physalin O is a physalin that can be isolated from Physalis angulata. Physalin O shows cytotoxicity to Hep G2 and MCF-7 cancer cells with IC50 values of 31.1 and 11.4 µM, respectively. Physalin O inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO) and shows anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].
Pralnacasan (VX-740) is a potent, selective, non-peptide and orally active interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE, caspase 1) inhibitor with a Ki of 1.4 nM. Pralnacasan inhibits proinflammatory cytokines IL-18, IL-1β , and IFN-γ. Pralnacasan has the potential for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis treatment[1][2].
Kakkanin comes from the roots of O. henryi and can be used for the research of anti-inflammatory[1].
Heterophdoid A (Compound 1) is an anti-inflammatory agent. Heterophdoid A inhibits NO production with an IC50 of 5.93 μM in BV-2 cells[1].
Isoforskolin is the principle active component of C. forskohlii native to China. Isoforskolin reduces the secretion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokines, namely TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, in human mononuclear leukocytes. Isoforskolin acts as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of Lyme arthritis[1].