LCMV GP (61-80) is a peptide fragment derived from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoprotein (GP), corresponds to amino acids 61-80. LCMV GP (61-80) is a specific epitope which can induce CD4+ T-cell response[1][2][3].
Cefalonium is the first-generation β-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic that is widely used to research bovine mastitis caused by Gram-positive bacteria including staphylococci[1][2][3].
LW3 is a potent antifungal agent. LW3 has antifungal activity with EC50 values of 0.54, 0.09, 1.52, and 2.65 mg/L against B. cinerea, R. solani, S. sclerotiorum, and F. graminearum, respectively[1].
NHC-diphosphate is an active phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) (HY-125033) as a diphosphate form[1]. NHC is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside and behaves as a potent anti-virus agent. NHC effectively inhibits the replication of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)[1].
Saikosaponin B2 is an active component from Bupleurum kaoi root, acts as an entry inhibitor against HCV infection[1]. Anti-cancer activity[2].
ABT-072 is a nonnucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor and a candidate drug evaluated for treatment of hepatitis C virus.
Phenothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid that kills adult fleas and ticks. It has also been used to kill head lice in humans.
D-Phenothrin ((-)-trans-Phenothrin), an orally active Type II synthetic pyrethroid, is widely used to kill insects, mosquitoes, and human lice. D-Phenothrin is also used in veterinary medicine to control insect pests on animals and protect agricultural crops[1].
Diphyllin is an arylnaphthalene lignan isolated from Justicia procumbens and is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.38 μM. Diphyllin is active against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and influenza virus[1]. Diphyllin is a vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 17 nM and inhibits lysosomal acidification in human osteoclasts[2]. Diphyllin inhibits NO production with an IC50 of 50 μM and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities[3].
Lagociclovir valactate is a prodrug of Lagociclovir (HY-14844). Lagociclovir valactate is an orally active anti-HBV agent[1].
Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
YH-53 is a potent 3CLpro inhibitor with Ki values of 6.3 nM, 34.7 nM for SARS-CoV-1 3CLpro and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, respectively. YH-53 strongly blocks the SARS-CoV-2 replication. YH-53 is a peptidomimetic compound with a unique benzothiazolyl ketone. YH-53 has the potential for COVID-19 research[1][2].
Balapiravir (R1626, Ro 4588161) is the prodrug of a nucleoside analogue inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (R1479, RG1479).IC50 Value: Target: HCVBalapiravir(R-1626; R 1626; Ro 4588161) is useful for Anti HCV. Balapiravir (R1626) is the tri-isobutyrate ester prodrug of R1479 under clinical development to improve exposure of R1479 upon oral administration. Balapiravir was discontinued for safety reasons in 28-36% of patients (most often for lymphopenia) and the percentage of patients with serious adverse events (especially hematological, infection, ocular events) was dose related. Serious hematological adverse events (particularly neutropenia, lymphopenia) were more common in balapiravir recipients. Two deaths in the balapiravir/peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin combination groups were considered possibly related to study medication.
Gageotetrin B has antimicrobial activities. Gageotetrin B is more active against fungi compared to bacteria with MIC values of 0.01-0.04 μM[1].
3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid (m-Methoxyphenylacetic acid), a m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (m-OHPAA) derivative, is a phytotoxin in Rhizoctonia solani. 3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid is used to develop a toxin-mediated bioassay for resistance to rhizoctonia root rot[1].
IHVR-11029 is a small molecule inhibitor of ER α-glucosidases, with an EC50 of 0.09 μM[1].
Omadacycline mesylate is a new tetracycline antibiotic in the pipeline, which can inhibit the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosome.IC50 Value: N/ATarget: Antibacterialin vitro: in vivo: Clinical trial: Phase III Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of PTK-0796 in Patients With Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infection (CSSSI).
Tizoxanide D4 (TIZ D4) is the deuterium labeled Tizoxanide. Tizoxanide is the active metabolite of Nitazoxanide, which is a thiazolide anti-infective compound against anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, and a range of viruses. Tizoxanide has anti-HIV-1 activities[1][2].
Linvencorvir is an antiviral agent[1].
JNJ4796 is an oral active fusion inhibitor of influenza virus, neutralizing influenza A group 1 viruses by inhibiting hemagglutinin (HA)-mediated fusion. JNJ4796 mimics the functionality of the broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs)[1].
STING agonist-24 (CF504) is a non-nucleotide small-molecule STING agonist. STING agonist-23 activates STING, increases phosphorylation of STING, TBK1 and IRF3. STING agonist-23 promotes the levels of IFN-β, IL-6, CXCL-10, TNF-α, ISG-15, and CCL-5 in tumor cells. STING agonist-23 exhibits activity against SARS-CoV series strains[1].
(+)-Medioresinol is a furofuran type lignan with antifungal, antibacterial and lesishmanicidal activities. (+)-Medioresinol leads to intracellular ROS accumulation and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death in Candida albicans. (+)-Medioresinol can reduce the cardiovascular disease risk[1][2].
Aflatoxin Q1 is a hydroxy metabolite of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). Aflatoxin Q1, as well as and aflatoxin B1 8,9-oxide, is the major oxidative products formed from aflatoxin B1 in human liver microsomes, at all substrate concentrations. the 3 alpha-hydroxylation of aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin Q1 is a potentially significant detoxication pathway[1][2].
HBV Seq1 aa:63-71 is the fragment of hepatitis B virus (HBV)[1].
4,5-Dihydropiperlonguminine is a natural product that can be isolated from the seeds of Piper tuberculatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). 4,5-Dihydropiperlonguminine is a insecticide against velvetbean caterpillars[1].
Trimethoprim N-oxide (Trimethoprim 1-N-oxide) belongs to human urinary metabolites. Trimethoprim N-oxide is generated by oxidation of nitrogen atoms in the pyrimidine ring. Trimethoprim N-oxide is formed predominantly by CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes[1].
Alisporivir intermediate-1 is an intermediate in the synthesis of Alisporivir. Alisporivir is used for the treatment of inflammatory and viral diseases.
Tecovirimat(ST-246) is an orally bioavailable antipoxvirus compound; potent and selective active against multiple orthopoxviruses with EC50 about 10 nM.IC50 value: 10 nM [1]Target: antipoxvirusin vitro: ST-246 targets the cowpox virus V061 gene, which encodes a major envelope protein homologous to the vaccinia virus F13L gene product. The antiviral potency and selectivity of ST-246 was measured in CPE assays against a panel of DNA- and RNA-containing viruses. In these assays, the EC50 for inhibition of vaccinia virus was determined to be 0.01 μM, while the EC50 values for inhibition of unrelated viruses were >40 μM [1]. ST-246 was evaluated for activity against cowpox virus (CV), vaccinia virus (VV), and ectromelia virus (ECTV) and had an in vitro 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 0.48 microM against CV, 0.05 microM against VV, and 0.07 microM against ECTV. The selectivity indices were >208 and >2,000 for CV and VV, respectively. The in vitro antiviral activity of ST-246 was significantly greater than that of cidofovir, which had an EC50 of 41.1 microM against CV and 29.2 microM against VV, with selectivity indices of >7 and >10, respectively [2]. in vivo: Mice were treated with placebo (vehicle), ST-246 administered by oral gavage at 50 mg/kg twice a day (b.i.d.) for 14 days, or CDV administered as a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection at 100 mg/kg. ST-246-treated mice mounted a protective immune response to vaccinia virus infection [1]. ST-246 administered once daily by oral gavage to mice infected intranasally with CV beginning 4 h or delayed until 72 h postinoculation was highly effective when given for a 14-day duration using 100, 30, or 10 mg/kg of body weight. When 100 mg/kg of ST-246 was administered to VV-infected mice, a duration of 5 days was sufficient to significantly reduce mortality even when treatment was delayed 24 h postinoculation. Viral replication in liver, spleen, and kidney, but not lung, of CV- or VV-infected mice was reduced by ST-246 compared to levels for vehicle-treated mice [2].
NITD008 is a potent and selective flaviviruse inhibitor which can inhibit Dengue Virus Type 2 (DENV-2) with an EC50 of 0.64 μM.
CU-CPD107 is a TLR8-specific small molecule with unique synergistic agonist activities in the presence of ssRNA, but inactive without the aid of ssRNA.CU-CPD107 significantly inhibited of R848-induced signaling in HEK-Blue hTLR8 cells with an IC50 of 13.7 uM.CU-CPD107 only inhibited synthesized small-molecule agonist-induced TLR8 signaling without affecting other TLRs.CU-CPD107 synergistically increased IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression levels in the presence of 5 μg/ml ssRNA40 in HEK-Blue hTLR8 cells, whereas CU-CPD107 alone did not. CU-CPD107 only activated TLR8-mediated signaling in the presence of ssRNA.CU-CPD107 showed no pure agonistic activity, addressing a major challenge that has existed for previous TLR7 and TLR8 agonists as vaccine adjuvants or antiviral drugs.