Lacto-N-tetraose is the significant core structure of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) naturally existing in human milk. Lacto-N-tetraose is consist of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and glucose moieties. Lacto-N-tetraose has prebiotic effect, immune regulatory effect, anti-inflammatory effects, intestinal cell responses regulatory effect, antibacterial activity and antiviral activity. Lacto-N-tetraose has been widely added to infant formula[1].
Enviroxime (LY122772) is an antiviral compound that inhibits the replication of rhinoviruses and enteroviruses. Enviroxime blocks the replication of plus-strand viral RNA by targeting the viral 3A coding region. Enviroxime can be a useful tool for investigating the natural function of the 3A protein[1].
Cytochalasin R (compound 17) is a cytochalasin analogue that can be isolated from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. xz-18. Cytochalasin R shows potential antifungal activity[1].
Antibacterial agent 12, a biaryloxazolidinone analogue, is an antibacterial agent against antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria[1].
SCH-202676 is an allosteric modulator of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and adenosine receptor (AR). SCH-202676 has antiviral activity and inhibits 3CLpro in a time-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 0.655 µM[1][2][3][4].
BTZ043 is an inhibitor of decaprenyl-phosphoribose-epimerase (DprE1), with MICs of of 2.3 nM and 9.2 nM for M. tuberculosis H37Rv and Mycobacterium smegmatis, respectively.
Aranotin strongly binds to Nsp15 viral protein. Aranotin can be used as promising SARS-CoV-2 replication strong inhibitor. Aranotin has the potential for COVID-19 research[1].
YXL-13 is a potent Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.686 μM. YXL-13 can inhibit virulence factors and biofilm formation of PAO1. YXL-13 reduces the pathogenicity and drug resistance of PAO1 by inhibition of the quorum sensing (QS) system. YXL-13 can be used for researching anti-bacteria[1].
2'-Deoxyuridine-1′-13C is the 13C labeled 2'-Deoxyuridine. 2'-Deoxyuridine could increase chromosome breakage and results in a decreased thymidylate synthetase activity. A known use of 2'-Deoxyuridine is as a precursor in the synthesis of Edoxud[1]
Fumitremorgin B is a tremorgenic mycotoxin. Fumitremorgin B exhibits significant antifungal activities, with MICs of 6.25-50 μg/mL[1][2][3].
Sarolaner (PF-6450567) is an orally active, broad-spectrum ectoparasiticide, has efficacy against fleas and ticks on dogs, with LC80 of 0.3 μg/mL against C. felis and an LC100 of 0.003 μg/mL against O. turicata[1].
4(1H)-Quinolinone, 1-methyl-2-(5Z)-5-undecen-1-yl- (compound 2) is a quinolone alkaloid that can be isolated from Cnidium. 4(1H)-Quinolinone, 1-methyl-2-(5Z)-5-undecen-1-yl- has methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity, with MIC values of 32 μg/mL (ATCC 33591) and 16 μM/mL (ATCC 25923), respectively[1].
Lumefantrine is an antimalarial drug, used in combination with Artemether. The artemether-lumefantrine (AL) as the first- and second-line anti-malarial drugs.
Cetylpyridinium chloride, a cationic quaternary ammonium compound, is an anti-bacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity. Cetylpyridinium chloride is an effective anti-HBV capsid assembly inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.5 μM. Cetylpyridinium chloride is used in pesticides and various types of mouthwashes, and other personal care products[1][2].
Ensitrelvir (S-217622) fumarate is the first orally active non-covalent, non-peptidic, SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitor (IC50=13 nM)[1][2].
I2906 showed antimycobacterial and cytotoxic activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis.IC50 Value: Target: AntibacterialUnder in vitro conditions, I2906 showed excellent antimycobacterial activities and low cytotoxicity. In a murine model infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv, the reductions on bacterial loads of both lungs and spleen were statistically significant (p < 0.05) between I2906-treated mice and untreated controls after 4 weeks. Further, the colony-forming unit counts in the lungs were dramatically lower (p < 0.05) than that of isoniazid-treated mice by the addition of I2906 after 8 weeks. Moreover, survival rate was increased by I2906 treatment. For multidrug-resistant strain infection, bacterial counts were reduced significantly in the lungs and spleen due to I2906 treatment in comparison with data from untreated controls (p < 0.05).
Cratoxylone, isolated from the bark of Cratoxylum Cochinchinense, possesses antiplasmodial activity[1][2].
Lefamulin acetate (BC-3781 acetate) is an orally active antibiotic for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) treatment. Lefamulin acetate (BC-3781 acetate) is the first semi-synthetic pleuromutilin for systemic treatment of bacterial infections in humans. Lefamulin acetate (BC-3781 acetate) inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the peptidyl transferase center of the 50S bacterial ribosome, preventing the binding of transfer RNA for peptide transfer[1].
Nitroxynil, anthelmintic agent, is active against parasites in both adult and immature stages. Nitroxynil is widely used for the research of infection of Fasciola hepatica[1][2][3].
PB28 is a cyclohexylpiperazine derivative and a high affinity and selective sigma 2 (σ2) receptor agonist with a Ki of 0.68 nM. PB28 is also a σ1 antagonist with a Ki of 0.38 nM. PB28 is less affinity for other receptors. PB28 inhibits electrically evoked twitch in guinea pig bladder and ileum with EC50 values of 2.62 μM and 3.96 μM, respectively. PB28 can modulate SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interaction. PB28 induces caspase-independent apoptosis and has antitumor activity[1][2][3][4][5].
Chrysosplenol D is a methoxy flavonoid that induces ERK1/2-mediated apoptosis in triple negative human breast cancer cells. Chrysosplenol D also exhibits anti-inflammatory and moderate antitrypanosomal activities[1][2][3][4].
Neotuberostemonine, one of the main antitussive alkaloids in the root of Stemona tuberosa Lour, attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the recruitment and activation of macrophages[1].
Exbivirumab is an anti-HBV mAb. Exbivirumab enhances the antiviral activity of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG)[1].
Sephin 1 (NSC 65390) is a selective inhibitor of PPP1R15A that disrupts the PPP1R15A-PP1c complex but spares the related PPP1R15B-PP1c complex; prolongs eIF2α phosphorylation after stress, attenuates the expression of stress genes such as CHOP, and protects cells from cytotoxic ER stress; lacks any measurable α2-adrenergic agonist activity in a cell-based assay, in contrast to Guanabenz; safely prevents the motor, morphological, and molecular defects in mice.
Minumicrolin is a plant growth inhibitor. Minumicrolin can be isolated from Murraya paniculata. Minumicrolin inhibits Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation[1][2].
HIV p17 Gag (77-85) is an HLA-A*0201(A2)-restricted CTL epitope, used in the research of anti-HIV[1].
Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal agent found in consumer products, including soaps, detergents, toys, and surgical cleaning treatments.
Antifungal agent 34 (compound 6i) is a potent antifungal agent. Antifungal agent 34 shows a potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans, with a MIC of 4 µg/mL. Antifungal agent 34 shows significant inhibition on Candida albicans hyphae and biofilm development. Antifungal agent 34 exhibits no cytotoxicity to mammalian cells[1].
Lucidin 3-O-glucoside is an anthraquinone analogue[1].
Bleomycin A5 hydrochloride is an anti-neoplastic glycoprotein antibiotic. Bleomycin A5 suppresses Drp1‑mediated mitochondrial fission and induces apoptosis in human nasal polyp‑derived fibroblasts[1][2].