Myomodulin is a neuropeptide present in molluscs, insects, and gastropods.
N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride is a polyamine.
H-Gly-Pro-OH is an end product of collagen metabolism that is further cleaved by prolidase.
Nucleocidin is an antitrypanosomal antibiotic, inhibiting the transfer of labeled amino acid from S-RNA to protein.
(+)-α-Tocopherol is a vitamin E derivative. vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant.
Bruceantin(NSC165563) is first isolated from Brucea antidysenterica, a tree used in Ethiopia for the treatment of cancer, and activity was observed against B16 melanoma, colon 38, and L1210 and P388 leukemia in mice.IC50 value:Target: anticancerCell differentiation was induced and c-MYC was down-regulated, suggesting a mechanistic correlation between c-MYC down-regulation and induction of cell differentiation or cell death. Treatment of HL-60 and RPMI 8226 cell lines induced apoptosis, and this involved the caspase and mitochondrial pathways. Moreover, an in vivo study using RPMI 8226 human-SCID xenografts demonstrated that bruceantin induced regression in early as well as advanced tumors, and these significant antitumor responses were facilitated in the absence of overt toxicity.
5-Aminovaleric acid is believed to act as a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and functions as a weak GABA agonist.
DL-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride is a cyclic amino acid derivative that exhibits root-growth inhibitory activity.
Angiotensin II is a Vasoconstrictor that plays an endocrine role in the regulation of blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Pyridoxol; Vitamin B6) is a pyridine derivative. Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol; Vitamin B6) exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.
Rapamycin (Sirolimus) is a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 nM.
Dihydrodaidzein is one of the most prominent dietary phytoestrogens.
Guanosine 5'-diphosphate is a nucleoside diphosphate. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate consists of a pyrophosphate group, a pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobaseguanine. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate is the product of GTP dephosphorylation by GTPases.
5,6-Dihydrouracil is an intermediate breakdown product of uracil.
Glycolic Acid is an inhibitor of tyrosinase, suppressing melanin formation and lead to a lightening of skin colour.
Hexacosanoic acid is a long-chain fatty acid related to various diseases such as adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) and atherosclerosis.
Glycylglycine is the simplest of all peptides and could function as a gamma-glutamyl acceptor.
Leucyl-phenylalanine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dipeptides.
L-SelenoMethionine is a major natural food-form of selenium.Target：The median lethal dose (LD50) of L-SelenoMethionine in rats given an intraperitoneal injection was determined to 4.25 mg Se/kg body and thus is comparable to that of selenite or selenate. In mice, the LD50 of L-SelenoMethionine was 8.8 ± 1.37 mg Se/kg, and the minimal lethal dose, 4.0 mg Se/kg, after intravenous injection.
Castor oil is a natural triglyceride which has a laxative effect and induces labor in pregnant females.
L-carnitine is constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.Target: OthersL-Carnitine is an endogenous molecule involved in fatty acid metabolism, biosynthesized within the human body using amino acids: L-lysine and L-methionine, as substrates. L-Carnitine can also be found in many foods, but red meats, such as beef and lamb, are the best choices for adding carnitine into the diet [1]. Administering L-carnitine (510 mg/day) to patients with the disease. L-carnitine treatment significantly improved the total time for dozing off during the daytime, calculated from the sleep logs, compared with that of placebo-treated periods. L-carnitine efficiently increased serum acylcarnitine levels, and reduced serum triglycerides concentration [2]. L-carnitine and its derivatives show promise in the treatment of chronic conditions and diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction but further translational studies are needed to fully explore their potential [3].
Systemin, an 18-amino acid polypeptide, has been isolated from tomato leaves that is a powerful inducer of over 15 defensive genes. Sequence: Ala-Val-Gln-Ser-Lys-Pro-Pro-Ser-Lys-Arg-Asp-Pro-Pro-Lys-Met-Gln-Thr-Asp.
8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine is a critical biomarker of oxidative stress and carcinogenesis.
Adrenic Acid is an inflammation enhancer in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Lycopene is naturally occurring carotenoids found in tomato, tomato products, and in other red fruits and vegetables; exhibits antioxidant effects.
Erythromycin, an oral macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces erythreus, reversibly binds to the 50S ribosome of bacteria, and inhibits protein synthesis.Target: AntibacterialErythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often prescribed for people who have an allergy to penicillins. For respiratory tract infections, it has better coverage of atypical organisms, including Mycoplasma and legionellosis. It was first marketed by Eli Lilly and Company, and it is today commonly known as EES (erythromycin ethylsuccinate, an ester prodrug that is commonly administered). It is also occasionally used as a prokinetic agent.Erythromycin estolate has been associated with reversible hepatotoxicity in pregnant women in the form of elevated serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and is not recommended during pregnancy. Some evidence suggests similar hepatotoxicity in other populations. Erythromycin displays bacteriostatic activity or inhibits growth of bacteria, especially at higher concentrations, but the mechanism is not fully understood. By binding to the 50s subunit of the bacterial 70s rRNA complex, protein synthesis and subsequent structure and function processes critical for life or replication are inhibited. Erythromycin interferes with aminoacyl translocation, preventing the transfer of the tRNA bound at the A site of the rRNA complex to the P site of the rRNA complex. Without this translocation, the A site remains occupied and, thus, the addition of an incoming tRNA and its attached amino acid to the nascent polypeptide chain is inhibited. This interferes with the production of functionally useful proteins, which is the basis of this antimicrobial action.
Asymmetric dimethylarginine is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and functions as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in a number of pathological states.
Propionylcarnitine is a propionyl ester of L-carnitine.
Mepivacaine is a tertiary amine used as a local anesthetic.Target: Sodium ChannelMepivacaine is a local anesthetic of the amide type. Mepivacaine has a reasonably rapid onset (more rapid than that of procaine) and medium duration of action (shorter than that of procaine). Mepivacaine is used in any infiltration and regional anesthesia. It is supplied as the hydrochloride salt of the racemate [1]. Mepivacaine displayed a preferential use-dependent block of Na(v)1.8, S(-)-bupivacaine displayed a preference for TTXs Na(+) channels [2].
Escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with Ki of 0.89 nM.Target: SSRIsEscitalopram, the S-enantiomer of citalopram, belongs to a class of antidepressant agents known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Escitalopram may be used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Escitalopram has no significant affinity for adrenergic (alpha1, alpha2, beta), cholinergic, GABA, dopaminergic, histaminergic, serotonergic (5HT1A, 5HT1B, 5HT2), or benzodiazepine receptors; antagonism of such receptors has been hypothesized to be associated with various anticholinergic, sedative, and cardiovascular effects for other psychotropic drugs. The chronic administration of escitalopram is found to downregulate brain norepinephrine receptors, as has been observed with other drugs effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Escitalopram does not inhibit monoamine oxidase.