PKCiota-IN-2 is a potent PKCiota (PKC-ι) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.8 nM. PKCiota-IN-2 also inhibits PKC-α and PKC-ε with IC50s of 71 nM and 350 nM, respectively[1].
PKCη pseudosubstrate inhibitor,myristoylated is cell permeable and can be used to study the mechanism of action of PKCη[1].
MY-673 is a colchicine binding site inhibitor (CBSI), that inhibits tubulin polymerization. MY-673 inhibits the ERK signaling pathway, which in turn affects SMAD4 protein expression levels in the TGF-β/SMAD pathway. MY-673 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro[1].
ALK5-IN-28 (compound Ex-05) is a selective ALK-5 inhibitor (IC50≤10 nM), inhibits TGF-β-induced SMAD signaling. ALK5-IN-28 has the potential to inhibit growth of tumour in vivo. ALK5-IN-28 can be used in study of proliferative diseases such as cancer, fibrotic diseases, and systemic sclerosis[1].
CC-90005 is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ), with an IC50 of 8 nM. CC-90005 shows selectivity for PKC-θ over PKC-δ (IC50=4440 nM). CC-90005 can inhibit T cell activation by IL-2 expression[1].
Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (Phorbol dibutyrate) is a PKC activator and a potent skin tumor promoter[1][2].
LY2109761 is an orally active, selective TGF-β receptor type I/II inhibitor with Kis of 38 nM and 300 nM, respectively.
(Rac)-Anemonin ((Rac)-Pulsatilla camphor) is the diastereoisomer of Anemonin (HY-N0278). Anemonin (Pulsatilla camphor), a selective iNOS inhibitor, is also a PKC-θ inhibitor. Anemonin can significantly inhibit the translation or protein stability of PKC-θ protein. Anemonin also ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Anemonin can be used in the research of inflammation-related diseases[1][2].
Livmoniplimab (ABBV-151; ARGX-115) is a potent humanized anti-LRRC32 (GARP)/TGFβ1 monoclonal antibody. Livmoniplimab blocks LRRC32-mediated activation of latent TGFβ1. Livmoniplimab has the potential for the research of cancer[1].
(S,R,S)-AHPC-C2-amide-benzofuranylmethyl-pyridine is a dual target PROTAC that can not only target to the ubiquitination and degradation of Smad3 but also improve the HIF-α protein level. (S,R,S)-AHPC-C2-amide-benzofuranylmethyl-pyridine has a multi-path anti-fibrosis function and a renal protection function for research of renal anemia[1].
TGFβ-IN-2 (Compound 9d) inhibits TGF-β-induced total collagen accumulation in NRK-49F cells with the IC50 of 4.31 μM. TGFβ-IN-2 suppresses the TGF-β-induced protein expression of COL1A1, α-SMA, and p-Smad3 in vitro. TGFβ-IN-2 can be used as a potential effective compound for anti-fibrosis in vivo by oral administration[1].
LSKL, Inhibitor of Thrombospondin (TSP-1) is a peptide derived from the latency-associated peptide, inhibits thrombospondin (TSP-1) activation of TGF-β and prevents the progression of hepatic damage and fibrosis.
Galunisertib (LY2157299) is a selective TGF-β receptor inhibitor with an IC50 of 56 nM.
PKCβII Peptide Inhibitor I is a PKCβII inhibitor. PKCβII Peptide Inhibitor I shows cardioprotective effects in rat cardiac Ischemia/reperfusion injury model. PKCβII Peptide Inhibitor I also prevents vascular endothelial dysfunction[1].
ROCK-IN-D2 is an effective and selective inhibitor of ROCK.
3-(4-Pyridyl)indole (Rockout) is a Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 25 μM. 3-(4-Pyridyl)indole can inhibit blebbing and cause dissolution of actin stress fibers in a wound healing assay[1].
Phosphate acceptor peptide is a substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). phosphate acceptor peptide is also a weak PKC inhibitor[1].
AR-13503 a ROCK/PKC inhibitor, inhibiting angiogenesis and enhancing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) permeability. AR-13503 also inhibits the formation of aberrant neovascularization (NV) in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model in mice[1][2].
PKC-IN-5 (compound H-7) is a potent PKC (protein kinase C) inhibitor. At 100 μM, PKC-IN-5 completely inhibits both TPA (skin tumour promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) and phospholipase C-induced ODC (ornithine decarboxylase)[1].
LDN193189 Hydrochloride is a BMP signaling inhibitor, inhibiting ALK1, ALK2, ALK3 and ALK6 with IC50s of 0.8, 0.8, 5.3, 16.7 nM, respectively.
Ruboxistaurin-d6 (LY333531-d6) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Ruboxistaurin hydrochloride. Ruboxistaurin (LY333531) hydrochloride is an orally active, selective PKC beta inhibitor (Ki=2 nM). Ruboxistaurin hydrochloride exhibits ATP dependent competitive inhibition of PKC beta I with an IC50 of 4.7 nM. Ruboxistaurin hydrochloride inhibits PKC beta II with an IC50 of 5.9 nM[1][2].
SAR407899 is a selective, potent and ATP-competitive ROCK inhibitor, with an IC50 of 135 nM for ROCK-2, and Kis of 36 nM and 41 nM for human and rat ROCK-2, respectively.
Ruboxistaurin (LY333531) mesylate is an orally active, selective and ATP competitive PKCβ inhibitor with IC50 values of 4.7 and 5.9 nM for PKCβI and PKCβII, respectively. Ruboxistaurin mesylate can be used for the research of eye disorders, heart failure and diabetes[1][2][3][4].
PKCβ inhibitor 1 is a potent, ATP-competitive, and selective PKCβ inhibitor with IC50s of 21 and 5 nM for human PKCβ1 and PKCβ2, respectively. PKCβ inhibitor 1 exhibits selectivity of more than 60-fold in favor of PKCβ2 relative to other PKC isozymes (PKCα, PKCγ, and PKCε)[1][2].
PKCδ Peptide Substrate is an absolutely specific substrate for the δ-type of PKC, with a sequence corresponding to sequence 422-443 of murine eEF-1α and containing Thr-431[1].
Mongersen is a 21-mer phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide targeting the mRNA of the Smad7 protein, thus leading to suppression of TGF-β1 pathways and remission of Crohn's disease.
Ripasudil (K-115) is a specific inhibitor of ROCK, with IC50s of 19 and 51 nM for ROCK2 and ROCK1, respectively.
Bryostatin 1 is a natural macrolide isolated from the bryozoan Bugula neritina and is a potent and central nervous system (CNS)-permeable PKC modulator. Bryostatin 1 binds to the isolated C1 domain of Munc13-1 and the full-length Munc13-1 protein with Kis of 8.07 nM and 0.45 nM, respectively. Bryostatin 1 has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-HIV-1 infection properties[1][2][3][4].
Carotuximab (TRC105) is a IgG1 monoclonal antibody that blocks endoglin (CD105) and its downstream Smad signaling pathway. Carotuximab has immunomodulatory and antineoplastic actions[1][2].
ROCK-IN-32 is an effective Rho-kinase inhibitor.