R 59-022 (DKGI-I) hydrochloride is a DGK inhibitor (IC50: 2.8 µM). R 59-022 hydrochloride inhibits the phosphorylation of OAG to OAPA. R 59-022 hydrochloride is a 5-HT Receptor antagonist, and activates protein kinase C (PKC). R 59-022 hydrochloride potentiates thrombin-induced diacylglycerol production in platelets and inhibits phosphatidic acid production in neutrophils[1][2][3][4].
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic drug of the thiazide class. Target: OthersHydrochlorothiazide belongs to thiazide class of diuretics. It reduces blood volume by acting on the kidneys to reduce sodium (Na) reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. The major site of action in the nephron appears on an electroneutral Na+-Cl? co-transporter by competing for the chloride site on the transporter. By impairing Na transport in the distal convoluted tubule, hydrochlorothiazide induces a natriuresis and concomitant water loss. Thiazides increase the reabsorption of calcium in this segment in a manner unrelated to sodium transport. Additionally, by other mechanisms, Hydrochlorothiazide is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance [1].
ALK5-IN-34 is an selective orally active activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) inhibitor. ALK5-IN-34 can inhibit the activity of ALK5-IN-34 with an IC50 value of ≤10 nM. ALK5-IN-34 also has inhibitory of tumor growth and can be used for the research of proliferative diseases, such as cancer[1].
PKC-theta inhibitor is a selective PKC-θinhibitor, with an IC50 of 12 nM.
3′-O-Demethyl-4′-N-demethyl-4′-N-acetyl-4′-epi-staurosporine (Compound 7) is an inhibitor of protein kinases, with IC50s of 0.092, 0.26, 0.77 μM for PKC-α, ROCK, ASK1. 3′-O-Demethyl-4′-N-demethyl-4′-N-acetyl-4′-epi-staurosporine shows potent cytotoxicity against PC-3 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 0.16 μM[1].
pTH-Related Protein (1-40) (human, mouse, rat) stimulates calcium uptake in rat intestinal cells through PTHR1 receptor and PKCα/β signaling pathways. pTH-Related Protein (1-40) up-regulates parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTHR1) protein, four transcellular calcium transporters, potential vanillin member 6 (TRPV6), calcium-binding protein-D9K (CaBP-D9k), sodium-calcium Exchanger 1 (NCX1) and plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1 (PMCA1)[1].
Zelasudil is a Rho-associated (ROCK) kinase inhibitor. Zelasudil has a ROCK2 binding affinity[1][2].
Mitoxantrone is a topoisomerase II inhibitor; also inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) activity with an IC50 of 8.5 μM.
THK01 is a potent ROCK2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.7 and 923 nM for ROCK2 and ROCK1, respectively. THK01 inhibits breast cancer metastasis through the ROCK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. THK01 can be used in research of breast cancer[1].
PF-4950834 is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable, ATP-competitive rho kinase inhibitor with IC50 values of 8.35 nM and 33.12 nM against ROCK2 and ROCK1, respectively. PF-4950834 inhibits neutrophil migration[1].
TX-1123 is a potent protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor for Src, eEF2-K, and PKA, and EGFR-K/PKC. TX-1123 is a cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.16 μM and 15.7 μM for COX2 and COX1, respectively. TX-1123 has low mitochondrial toxicity. TX-1123 can be used in research of cancer[1][2].
LIMK-IN-1 (Compound 14) is an inhibitor of LIM-Kinase (LIMK), with IC50s of 0.5 nM and 0.9 nM for LIMK1 and LIMK2, respectively. LIMK-IN-1 can be used for ocular hypertension and associated glaucoma research[1].
SJ000291942 is an activator of the canonical bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling pathway. BMPs are members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) family of secreted signaling molecules.
ML347(DN193719) is a highly selective ALK1/ALK2 inhibitor with IC50s of 46/32 nM; shows >300-fold selectivity for ALK2 vs. ALK3.IC50 value:Target: ALK1/ALK2ML347 has IC50’s of 46 and 32 nM, respectively, against ALK1 and ALK2; however, the IC50 against ALK3 is 10,800 nM, >300-fold selective over ALK3. ML347 is completely inactive against allthe other kinases tested (with weak activity against ALK6, 9830 nM and KDR (VEGFR2)19,700 nM). ML347 is potent in the BMP4 cell assay (152 nM).
Aurothiomalate sodium is a potent and selective oncogenic PKCι signaling inhibitor. Aurothiomalate sodium inhibits tumor cell proliferation and not cell apoptosis. Aurothiomalate sodium is a potent thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor. Aurothiomalate sodium, an anti-rheumatoid agent, exhibits potent anti-tumor activity[1][2][3].
HSD1590 is potent ROCK inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.22 and 0.51 nM for ROCK1 and ROCK2, respectively. HSD1590 exhibits single digit nanomolar binding to ROCK (Kds<2 nM). HSD1590 displays low cytotoxicity[1].
R-268712 is a potent and selective inhibitor of ALK5 with an IC50 of 2.5 nM.IC50 value: 2.5 nM [1]Target: ALK5in vitro: R-268712 is a novel and specific inhibitor of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) type I receptor. R-268712 is a potent and selective inhibitor of ALK5 with an IC50 of 2.5 nM, an approximately 5000-fold more selectivity for ALK5 than p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). R-268712 is a weak inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase (IC50: 12.1 μM).[1]in vivo: Oral administration of R-268712 at doses of 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg also inhibited the development of renal fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. [1]
H-1152 is a membrane-permeable and selective ROCK inhibitor, with a Ki value of 1.6 nM, and an IC50 value of 12 nM for ROCK2.
PF-04577806 is a potent, selective and ATP competitive PKC inhibitor. PF-04577806 shows potent inhibitory activity towards PKCα, PKCβI, PKCβII, PKCγ, and PKCθ with IC50s of 2.4 nM, 8.1 nM, 6.9 nM, 45.9 nM, and 29.5 nM, respectively. PF-04577806 can reverse retinal vascular leakage in diabetic rats[1].
SJ000063181 is a potent BMP signaling activator with an EC50 ≤1 µM. SJ000063181 can be used as chemical probes to interrogate BMP signaling due to it can penetrate zebrafish embryos[1].
ROCK1-IN-1 is a ROCK1 inhibitor with a Ki value of 540 nM. ROCK1-IN-1 can be used for the research of hypertension, glaucoma and erectile dysfunction[1].
Decursinol angelate, a cytotoxic and protein kinase C (PKC) activating agent from the root of Angelica gigas, possesses anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].
ROCK-IN-5 (compound I-B-37) is a potent inhibitor of ROCK, ERK, GSK, and AGC protein kinases. ROCK-IN-5 has the potential for proliferative, cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases research[1].
Netarsudil hydrochloride is a ROCK, and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor. Target: ROCKin vitro: AR-13324 is a small-molecule inhibitor of Rho kinase and a norepinephrine transporter; reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive monkey eyes.[1] AR-13324 is a small-molecule inhibitor of Rho kinase and a norepinephrine transporter.[2]in vivo: AR-13324 produces statistically significant lowering of episcleral venous pressure (EVP) in Dutch Belted (DB) rabbits. [3]
GSK270822A is a selective ROCK1 inhibitor. GSK270822A exhibits IC50 of 9nM, 1100nM, 1550nM for ROCK1, RSK1, p70S6K, respectively.
Vactosertib (EW-7197) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of ALK5 with an IC50 of 12.9 nM. It also inhibits ALK2 and ALK4 at nanomolar concentrations.
Psychosine (Galactosylsphingosine), a substrate of the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme, is a potential biomarker for Krabbe disease[1]. Psychosine is a highly cytotoxic lipid, capable of inducing cell death in a wide variety of cell types including, most relevantly to globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), oligodendrocytes. Psychosine causes cell death at least in part via apoptosis. Psychosine also is an inhibitor of PKC[1].
Azaindole 1 is a highly potent inhibitor of human ROCK-1 and ROCK-2, with IC50s of 0.6 and 1.1 nM, respectively, and also inhibits murine ROCK-2 or rat ROCK-2 with IC50s of 2.4 and 0.8 nM, respectively.
N-Desmethyltamoxifen is the major metabolite of tamoxifen in humans. N-Desmethyltamoxifen, a poor antiestrogen, is a ten-fold more potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor than Tamoxifen. N-Desmethyltamoxifen is also a potent regulator of ceramide metabolism in human AML cells, limiting ceramide glycosylation, hydrolysis, and sphingosine phosphorylation[1][2][3].
Trabedersen (AP 12009) is an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide that specifically inhibits TGF-β2 (TGF-beta/Smad). Trabedersen can be used for the study of malignant brain tumors and other solid tumors overexpressing TGF-β2, such as those of the skin, pancreas and colon[1][2].