Asimilobine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from plant species of Magnolia obobata Thun. Asimilobine is a dopamine biosynthesis inhibitor and a serotonergic receptor antagonist. Asimilobine shows an antimalarial and anti-cancer activity[1][2].
Thiethylperazine, a phenothiazine derivate, is an orally active and potent dopamine D2-receptor and histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Thiethylperazine is also a selective ABCC1activator that reduces amyloid-β (Aβ) load in mice. Thiethylperazine has anti-emetic, antipsychotic and antimicrobial effects[1][2][3].
PD 168568 is a orally active and potent dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) antagonist. PD 168568 contains an isoindolinone and is selective for the D4 receptor versus D2 and D3, with Ki values of 8.8, 1842, and 2682 nM, respectively. PD 168568 can be used for glioblastoma (GBM) research[1][2].
D4R agonist-1 (Compound 16f) is a D4R partial agonist (Ki: 2.2 nM). D4R agonist-1 is metabolically stable in rat and human liver microsomes. D4R agonist-1 can be used for research of neuropsychiatric disorders[1].
Lenperone hydrochloride (AHR 2277) is an antipsychotic compound and a dopamine antagonist. Lenperone hydrochloride reduces gastroesophageal sphincter pressure of healthy dogs. Lenperone hydrochloride can be used for neurological disease research[1][2].
Asenapine citrate, an atypical antipsychotic, is an antagonist of serotonin receptors (pKi: 8.4-10.5), adrenoceptors (pKi: 8.9-9.5), dopamine receptors (pKi: 8.9-9.4) and histamine receptors (pKi: 8.2-9.0). Asenapine citrate can be used in the research of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder[1][2].
Ropinirole-d7 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Ropinirole hydrochloride[1]. Ropinirole (SKF 101468) hydrochloride is an orally active, potent D3/D2 receptor agonist with a Ki of 29 nM for D2 receptor. Ropinirole hydrochloride has pEC50s of 7.4, 8.4 and 6.8 for hD2, hD3 and hD4 receptors, respectively. Ropinirole hydrochloride has no affinity for the D1 receptors. Ropinirole hydrochloride has the potential for Parkinson's disease[2][3].
Sumanirole maleate(PNU 95666E; U95666E) is a highly selective D2 receptor full agonist with an ED50 of about 46 nM.IC50 value: 46 nM (EC50)Target: D2 receptorSumanirole was developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless leg syndrome. While it has never been approved for medical use. Sumanirole is a highly valuable tool compound for basic research to identify neurobiological mechanisms that are based on a dopamine D2-linked (vs. D1, D3, D4, and D5-linked) mechanism of action.
Fenoldopam(SKF 82526) mesylate is a drug and synthetic benzazepine derivative which acts as a selective D1 receptor partial agonist.Target: D1 ReceptorFenoldopam is a selective dopamine-1 (DA1) agonist with natriuretic/diuretic properties. Fenoldopam stimulated cAMP accumulation in LLC-PK1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, an effect which could be blocked by the DA1-selective antagonist Sch 23390. Although fenoldopam was more potent than DA (EC50 55.5 +/- 7.75 nM vs. 1.65 +/- 0.64 microM) in stimulating cAMP accumulation in LLC-PK1 cells, the maximum stimulation obtained by fenoldopam was only 37% of the maximum stimulation obtained by DA(Emax 13.0 +/- 2.95 pmol/mg of protein vs. 35.6 +/- 10.19 pmol/mg of protein) [1]. Fenoldopam is a selective dopamine1 (DA1) receptor agonist. Most of the DA1 receptor agonist activity of fenoldopam resides in the R-enantiomer, which also shows weaker alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity Fenoldopam produces vasodilation in vascular beds that are rich in vascular DA1 receptors [2].
Iloperidone(HP 873) is a D2/5-HT2 receptor antagonist, which is an atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia symptoms.IC50 value:Target: 5-HT receptor; D2 receptorIloperidone (HP 873) is a compound currently in clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia. Iloperidone displays affinity for dopamine D2 receptors and for 5-HT2A receptors and has a variety of in vivo activities suggestive of an atypical antipsychotic. Iloperidone displayed higher affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor (Ki = 7.1 nM) than for the dopamine D4 receptor (Ki = 25 nM). Iloperidone displayed high affinity for the 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors (Ki = 42.7 and 21.6 nM, respectively), and was found to have higher affinity for the 5-HT2A (Ki = 5.6 nM) than for the 5-HT2C receptor (Ki = 42.8 nM) [1]. Iloperidone was eliminated slowly, with a mean t1/2 of 13.5 to 14.0 hours. Coadministration with food did not significantly affect AUC, tmax, or Cmax. These results indicate that the rate of iloperidone's absorption is decreased, but the overall bioavailability is unchanged, when the drug is taken with food. Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and somnolence were the most commonly reported adverse events [2]. Iloperidone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are presented herein, together with an evaluation of clinical safety and efficacy results [3].Clinical indications: Post traumatic stress disorder; Schizophrenia Toxicity: Commonly observed adverse reactions (incidence ≥5% and two-fold greater than placebo) were: dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, nasal congestion, orthostatic hypotension, somnolence, tachycardia, and weight increased.
3-O-Methyldopa D3 (3-Methoxy-L-tyrosine D3) is deuterium labeled 3-O-Methyldopa. 3-O-Methyldopa is a metabolite of L-DOPA which is formed by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). 3-O-Methyldopa competitively inhibits the pharmacodynamics of l-DOPA and dopamine[1].
Quetiapine fumarate is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar I mania, bipolar II depression, bipolar I depression.IC50 value: Target: 5-HT ReceptorQuetiapine is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia as well as for the treatment of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. The antipsychotic effect of quetiapine is thought by some to be mediated through antagonist activity at dopamine and serotonin receptors. Specifically the D1 and D2 dopamine, the alpha 1 adrenoreceptor and alpha 2 adrenoreceptor, and 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 serotonin receptor subtypes are antagonized. Quetiapine also has an antagonistic effect on the histamine H1 receptor.
Mesdopetam (IRL790) is a dopamine D3 receptor antagonist (Ki=90 nM; IC50=9.8 μM for human recombinant D3 receptor) with psychomotor stabilizing properties. Mesdopetam is used for the research of motor and psychiatric complications in Parkinson disease[1][2].
Razpipadon ((-)-PW0464), an aromatic compound, is a dopamine receptor partial agonist. Razpipadon can be used in the study of dopamine D1 ligand-mediated related psychiatric disorders[1][2].
(-)-OSU6162 (PNU96391) hydrochloride is a dopamine stabilizer. (-)-OSU6162 hydrochloride acts as partial agonist at 5-HT2A and is a dopamine D2 antagonist. (-)-OSU6162 hydrochloride can be used for the research of aggression and irritability[1][2].
5-HT6/7 antagonist 1 is a multifunctional ligand that antagonizes 5-HT6/7/2A and D2 receptors, without interacting with M1 receptors and hERG channels.
Brexpiprazole D8 (OPC-34712 D8) is a deuterium labeled Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712). Brexpiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic drug, is a partial agonist of human 5-HT1A and dopamine receptor (Ki=0.12 nM and 0.3 nM, respectively). Brexpiprazole is also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist (Ki=0.47 nM)[1][2].
Veralipride is a D2 receptor antagonist. It is an alternative antidopaminergic treatment for menopausal symptoms.
Raclopride tartrate is a selective dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist with potential antipsychotic effects. Raclopride tartrate binds to D2 and D3 receptors with Kis of 1.8 nM and 3.5 nM, respectively[1][2].
Glaucine (O,O-Dimethylisoboldine) is an alkaloid isolated from Glaucium flavum Crantz with antitussive, bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory properties. Glaucine is a selective and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with Kis of 3.4 µM in human bronchus and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Glaucine is also a non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist, a Ca2+ entry blocker, and a weak dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonist. Glaucine has antioxidative and antiviral activities[1][2][3].
Dicarbine dihydrochloride blocks dopamine receptors in various brain parts and prevents the depression of the conditioned defence reflexes caused by stimulation of the mesencephalic portion of the reticular formation. Dicarbine dihydrochloride could be used in the schizophrenia and alcoholic psychosis studies[1][2].
CP 226269 is a potent dopamine D4 receptor agonist that induces calcium flux with EC50 of 32.0 nM. CP 226269 can be used in the research of schizophrenia and other related diseases[1].
Ziprasidone amino acid (Ziprasidone Impurity C) is an impurity of Ziprasidone. Ziprasidone is a combined 5-HT (serotonin) and dopamine receptor antagonist. Ziprasidone exhibits potent effects of antipsychotic activity [1].
Bromopride is a dopamine antagonist with prokinetic properties， widely used as an antiemetic.
Haloperidol hydrochloride is a potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, widely used as an antipsychotic.
Bromerguride (2-Bromolisuride) is an analogue of the ergot dopamine agonist Lisuride (HY-12713). Bromerguride exhibits central antidopaminergic properties[1].
Raclopride is a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist, which binds to D2 and D3 receptors with dissociation constants (Kis) of 1.8 nM and 3.5 nM, respectively, but has a very low affinity for D1 and D4 receptors with Kis of 18000 nM and 2400 nM, respectively[1].
Nuciferine is an antagonist at 5-HT2A (IC50=478 nM), 5-HT2C (IC50=131 nM), and 5-HT2B (IC50=1 μM), an inverse agonist at 5-HT7 (IC50=150 nM), a partial agonist at D2 (EC50=64 nM), D5 (EC50=2.6 μM) and 5-HT6 (EC50=700 nM), an agonist at 5-HT1A (EC50=3.2 μM) and D4 (EC50=2 μM) receptor.
Iloperidone (hydrochloride) is a D(2)/5-HT(2) receptor antagonistis, which is an atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia symptoms.Target: 5-HT receptor; Dopamine receptorIloperidone (hydrochloride) is the hydrochloride of iloperidone, iloperidone (HP 873; 1-[4-[3-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-1-piperidinyl]propoxy] -3- methoxyphenyl]ethanone) is a compound currently in clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia. Iloperidone displays affinity for dopamine D2 receptors and for 5-HT2A receptors and has a variety of in vivo activities suggestive of an atypical antipsychotic. Iloperidone displayed higher affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor (Ki = 7.1 nM) than for the dopamine D4 receptor (Ki = 25 nM). Iloperidone displayed high affinity for the 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors (Ki = 42.7 and 21.6 nM, respectively), and was found to have higher affinity for the 5-HT2A (Ki = 5.6 nM) than for the 5-HT2C receptor (Ki = 42.8 nM) [1]. Iloperidone was eliminated slowly, with a mean t1/2 of 13.5 to 14.0 hours. Coadministration with food did not significantly affect AUC, tmax, or Cmax. These results indicate that the rate of iloperidone's absorption is decreased, but the overall bioavailability is unchanged, when the drug is taken with food. Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and somnolence were the most commonly reported adverse events [2]. Iloperidone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are presented herein, together with an evaluation of clinical safety and efficacy results [3].Clinical indications: Post traumatic stress disorder; Schizophrenia Toxicity: Commonly observed adverse reactions (incidence ≥5% and two-fold greater than placebo) were: dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, nasal congestion, orthostatic hypotension, somnolence, tachycardia, and weight increased.
Oxiperomide is an orally active dopamine-blocking agent[1].