(R)-Mirtazapine ((R)-Org3770) is a R(−)-enantiomer of Mirtazapine with antinociceptive properties in an animal model of acute thermal nociception. (R)-Mirtazapine is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. (R)-Mirtazapine is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4[1].
AR-A 2 is a selective 5-HT1B receptor antagonist, with high affinity to guinea pig cortex 5HT1B/1D and recombinant guinea pig 5-HT1B receptors (Ki=0.24 and 0.47 nM) and with 10-fold lower affinity to guinea pig 5-HT1D receptor (Ki, 5 nM), and shows an EC50 of 4.5 nM for the guinea pig 5-HT1B receptor; AR-A 2 can be used in the research of depression and anxiety.
LY 344864 hydrochloride is a selective 5-HT1F agonist with a Ki of 6 nM.
Trazodone HCl is an antidepressant belonging to the class of serotonin receptor antagonists and reuptake inhibitors for treatment of anxiety disorders.Target: 5-HT ReceptorTrazodone is a triazolopyridine derivative, chemically and pharmacologically unrelated to other currently available antidepressants. Trazodone has been successfully used in a small number of patients with depression and pre-existing cardiovascular disease. trazodone has also been used as a hypnotic for psychotropic-induced or other insomnias with some success [1]. Trazodone is an effective hypnotic for patients with antidepressant-associated insomnia [2]. Trazodone may be helpful in men with erectile dysfunction (ED), possibly more so at higher doses, and in men with psychogenic ED. Future high-quality trials should compare trazodone with placebo and other therapies in men with depression and psychogenic ED [3].
5-HT1A modulator 1 displays very high affinities for the 5HT1A, adrenergic α1 and dopamine D2 receptor with IC50s of 2 ±0.3 nM, 10 ± 3 nM and 40 ±9 nM, respectively.
R 59-022 (DKGI-I) is a diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor (IC50=2.8 μM). R 59-022 is a 5-HTR antagonist, and activates protein kinase C (PKC). R 59-022 potentiates thrombin-induced diacylglycerol production in platelets and inhibits phosphatidic acid production in neutrophils[1][2][3][4].
Rotigotine is a full agonist of dopamine receptor, a partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor, and an antagonist of the α2B-adrenergic receptor, with Kis of 0.71 nM, 4-15 nM, and 83 nM for the dopamine D3 receptor and D2, D5, D4 receptors, and dopamine D1 receptor.
Asimilobine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from plant species of Magnolia obobata Thun. Asimilobine is a dopamine biosynthesis inhibitor and a serotonergic receptor antagonist. Asimilobine shows an antimalarial and anti-cancer activity[1][2].
5-HT3 antagonist 4 is a 5-HT3 receptor (5HT3R) antagonist. 5-HT3 antagonist 4 prevents diabetes-induced depressive phenotypes in mice[1].
Nexopamil racemate is the racemate of Nexopamil. Nexopamil is a combined Ca2+/5-HT2 antagonist on thrombus formation in vivo and on platelet aggregation in vitro.
Quipazine is a 5-HT agonist with a Ki value of 1.4 nM for displaces [3H]GR65630 from 5-HT3R in rat. Quipazine shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 of 31.64 μM. Quipazine behaves as a 5-HT3R agonist in peripheral models. Quipazine can be used for neurological disease research[1][2][3][4].
Norfluoxetine hydrochloride is an active N-demethylated metabolite of Fluoxetine. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor that is metabolized to Norfluoxetine hydrochloride by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. Norfluoxetine hydrochloride inhibits 5-HT uptake and inhibits CaV3.3 T current (IC50 = 5 μM). Norfluoxetine hydrochloride has anticonvulsant activity[1][2][3][4].
E-3620 is a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. E-3620 can be used for the research of dyskinesi and gastrointestinal motility[1][2].
MAO-A/5-HT2AR-IN-1 (compound I14) is a potent MAO-A and 5-HT2AR dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.004 and 0.014 μM, respectively. MAO-A/5-HT2AR-IN-1 is a potential antidepressant agent[1].
Eletriptan HBr is a selective 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor agonist with Ki of 0.92 nM and 3.14 nM, respectively.IC50 value: 0.82 nM/3.14 nM (5-HT1B/5-HT1D, Ki) [1]Target: 5-HT1B/5-HT1D in vitro: [3H]Eletriptan has a total number of binding sites (Bmax) of 2478 fmol/mg and 1576 fmol/mg for 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D, respectively. [3H]Eletriptan has a significantly faster association rate (K(on) 0.249/min/nM) than [3H]sumatriptan (K(on) 0.024/min/nM) and a significantly slower off-rate (K(off) 0.027/min compared to 0.037/min for [3H]sumatriptan) [1]. Eletriptan induces concentration-dependent contractions of meningeal artery, coronary artery, and saphenous vein. The potency of Eletriptan is higher in meningeal artery than in coronary artery (86-fold) or saphenous vein (66-fold). The predicted contraction by Eletriptan (40 mg and 80 mg) and sumatriptan (100 mg) at free C(max) observed in clinical trials is similar in meningeal artery [2].in vivo: Eletriptan (<1000 mg/kg, i.v.) produces a dose-dependent reduction of carotid arterial blood flow in the anaesthetised dog. Eletriptan reduces coronary artery diameter with ED50 value of 63 mg/kg in the anaesthetised dog. Eletriptan (<300 mg/kg, i.v.) administered prior to electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion produces a dose-related and complete inhibition of plasma protein extravasation in the dura mater rats. Eletriptan (100 mg/kg, i.v.) produces a complete inhibition of plasma protein extravasation in rat dura mater [3]. Iontophoretic ejection (50 nA) of Eletriptan suppresses the response in 75% of cells and causes an average suppression of cell firing of 42% in cats [4].
3-AQC, a piperazinylquinoxaline derivative, is a potent and competitive 5-HT3 receptor antagonist[1].
Asenapine citrate, an atypical antipsychotic, is an antagonist of serotonin receptors (pKi: 8.4-10.5), adrenoceptors (pKi: 8.9-9.5), dopamine receptors (pKi: 8.9-9.4) and histamine receptors (pKi: 8.2-9.0). Asenapine citrate can be used in the research of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder[1][2].
Naratriptan-d3 is the deuterium labeled Naratriptan[1]. Naratriptan is a selective 5-HT1 receptor subtype agonist[2].
DR4485 (hydrochloride) is an orally active and selective 5-HT7 antagonist (pKi=8.14)[1].
Jatrorrhizine hydroxide is an alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis with neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities[1]. Jatrorrhizine hydroxide is a potent and orally active inhibitor of AChE (IC50=872 nM) over >115-fold selectivity for BuChE[2]. Jatrorrhizine hydroxide reduces uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) via inhibition of uptake-2 transporters[3].
Befiradol (F13640) is a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist.
Naronapride (ATI-7505) is a potent prokinetic 5-HT4 receptor agonist. Naronapride can be used for gastrointestinal diseases research[1].
Agomelatine is a competitive antagonist of human and porcine serotonin (5-HT2C) receptors (pKi = 6.2 and 6.4, respectively) as well as human 5-HT2B receptors (pKi = 6.6). IC50 value: 6.2 (pKi, 5-HT2c); 6.6 (pKi, 5-HT2b)Target: 5-HT2C Receptor; 5-HT2B receptorIt is classified as a norepinephrine-dopamine disinhibitor (NDDI) due to its antagonism of the 5-HT2C receptor. Activation of 5-HT2C receptors by serotonin inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine release. Antagonism of 5-HT2C results in an enhancement of DA and NE release and activity of frontocortical dopaminergic and adrenergic pathways. Agomelatine is also a potent agonist at melatonin receptors which makes it the first melatonergic antidepressant. Agomelatine is an antidepressant drug.
Volinanserin-d4 (MDL100907-d4) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Volinanserin hydrochlorid. Volinanserin is a potent and selective antagonist of 5-HT2 receptor, with a Ki of 0.36 nM, and shows 300-fold selectivity for 5-HT2 receptor over 5-HT1c, alpha-1 and DA D2 receptors. Volinanserin has antipsychotic activity[1][2].
Iloperidone(HP 873) is a D2/5-HT2 receptor antagonist, which is an atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia symptoms.IC50 value:Target: 5-HT receptor; D2 receptorIloperidone (HP 873) is a compound currently in clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia. Iloperidone displays affinity for dopamine D2 receptors and for 5-HT2A receptors and has a variety of in vivo activities suggestive of an atypical antipsychotic. Iloperidone displayed higher affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor (Ki = 7.1 nM) than for the dopamine D4 receptor (Ki = 25 nM). Iloperidone displayed high affinity for the 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors (Ki = 42.7 and 21.6 nM, respectively), and was found to have higher affinity for the 5-HT2A (Ki = 5.6 nM) than for the 5-HT2C receptor (Ki = 42.8 nM) [1]. Iloperidone was eliminated slowly, with a mean t1/2 of 13.5 to 14.0 hours. Coadministration with food did not significantly affect AUC, tmax, or Cmax. These results indicate that the rate of iloperidone's absorption is decreased, but the overall bioavailability is unchanged, when the drug is taken with food. Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and somnolence were the most commonly reported adverse events [2]. Iloperidone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are presented herein, together with an evaluation of clinical safety and efficacy results [3].Clinical indications: Post traumatic stress disorder; Schizophrenia Toxicity: Commonly observed adverse reactions (incidence ≥5% and two-fold greater than placebo) were: dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, nasal congestion, orthostatic hypotension, somnolence, tachycardia, and weight increased.
Quetiapine fumarate is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar I mania, bipolar II depression, bipolar I depression.IC50 value: Target: 5-HT ReceptorQuetiapine is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia as well as for the treatment of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. The antipsychotic effect of quetiapine is thought by some to be mediated through antagonist activity at dopamine and serotonin receptors. Specifically the D1 and D2 dopamine, the alpha 1 adrenoreceptor and alpha 2 adrenoreceptor, and 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 serotonin receptor subtypes are antagonized. Quetiapine also has an antagonistic effect on the histamine H1 receptor.
Alverine citrate is a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, with an IC50 of 101 nM.
LY2624803 is a novel potent histamine H1 and 5HT-2A receptor modulator in the pipeline for treating insomnia. Sleep Disorder Phase 2 Discontinued
(-)-OSU6162 (PNU96391) hydrochloride is a dopamine stabilizer. (-)-OSU6162 hydrochloride acts as partial agonist at 5-HT2A and is a dopamine D2 antagonist. (-)-OSU6162 hydrochloride can be used for the research of aggression and irritability[1][2].
5-HT6/7 antagonist 1 is a multifunctional ligand that antagonizes 5-HT6/7/2A and D2 receptors, without interacting with M1 receptors and hERG channels.