3,4-Dimethoxyphenol is a plant-derived phenylpropanoid compound and can use as a whitening agent in cosmetics. 3,4-Dimethoxyphenol has tyrosinase-inhibiting activity[1]. 3,4-Dimethoxyphenol has potent antioxidant effect isolated from the bacterial fermentation broth[2].
1-Isopropyltryptophan (1-IsoPT) is a IDO1 inhibitor. 1-Isopropyltryptophan decreases the expression of IFN-γ stimulated ID0-1 and ID0-2 mRNA[1].
JTK-109 is an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor and inhibits G1b and G3a subgenomic replicons and recombinant enzymes.
NSC697923 is a potent UBE2N (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N, Ubc13) inhibitor. NSC697923 induces neuroblastoma (NB) cell death via promoting nuclear importation of p53 in p53 wild-type NB cells. NSC697923 also induces cell death in p53 mutant NB cells by activation of JNK-mediated apoptotic pathway. NSC697923 inhibits DNA damage and NF-κB signaling. Antitumor activity[1][2].
PTP1B-IN-9 is a ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-stressor. PTP1B-IN-9 inhibits ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation upstream of the 20S proteasomal catalytic activites. PTP1B-IN-9 triggers a ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS)-stress response without affecting 20S proteasome catalytic activities. Anticancer activity[1].
DPP-4-IN-2 (compound b2) is a potent DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) inhibitor, with an IC50of 79 nM. DPP-4-IN-2 is a structurally analogs of Alogliptin (HY-A0023A). DPP-4-IN-2 can be used for diabetes research[1].
Suc-Gly-Gly-Phe-pNA is the chymotrypsin substrate with an Km value of 1.6 mM[1][2].
N6022 is a potent, selective, reversible, and efficacious S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase(GSNOR) inhibitor with IC50 of 8 nM.
DPC-681 is a potent and selective inhibitor of HIV protease with IC90s for wild-type HIV-1 of 4 to 40 nM.IC50 value: 4 - 40 nM [1]Target: HIV proteasein vitro: DPC 681 is extremely potent inhibitor of wild-type HIV-1. When all of the HIV-1 strains tested are considered, the average concentrations required for 90% inhibition of replication were 7.3 ± 3.4 for DPC 681. DPC 681 shows no loss in potency toward recombinant mutant HIVs with the D30N mutation and a fivefold or smaller loss in potency toward mutant variants with three to five amino acid substitutions. [1]in vivo: The total body clearance (CL) of DPC 681 in dogs was high (1.8 liter/h/kg) equaling hepatic blood flow for this species (1.8 liter/h/kg). After an oral dosing, the Cmax increased ninefold between the 10- and 30-mg/kg DPC 681 dose groups. Bioavailability also increased between the 10- and 30-mg/kg dose groups (18.3 and 78.1%, respectively). These data suggest that hepatic extraction (first-pass effect) can be saturated in the dog. [1]
PluriSln 1 is an inhibitor of stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), and is a pluripotent cell-specific inhibitor.
Dichlorphenamide(Diclofenamide) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma. Target: Carbonic AnhydraseDichlorphenamide is a sulfonamide and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor of the meta-Disulfamoylbenzene class. This drug has the same side-effects as acetazolamide, for which it is a useful substitute, except for a lesser tendency to cause dermatitis, renal calculi and metabolic acidosis. It may induce a more pronounced renal loss of potassium [1]. An average daily dose of 33 mg of diclofenamide, a carbonic-anhydrase inhibitor, was added to the anti-epileptic medication already employed in 105 cases of severe epilepsy which had shown insufficient clinical improvement. A favourable action on seizures, often accompanied by an improvement in the EEG tracing, was observed in 83 cases. The effect was of long duration in 47 cases in that it lasted for more than a year. It persisted for one to twelve months in a further 17 cases, while in 19 patients, who had reacted favourably to the treatment, medication had to be suspended because of intolerance [2].
Ftase inhibitor I (B581) is a potent, selective and peptidomimetic farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitor. Ftase inhibitor I shows selectivity for FTase over geranylgeranyl isoprenoid (Ras-GG) or the fatty acid myristate (Myr-Ras)[1].
MK-8617 is an orally active pan-inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 1-3 (HIF PHD1-3) with an IC50 of 1 nM for PHD2.
Ono 3403 is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor. Ono 3403 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production. ONO-3403 also has an antitumor effect on malignant tumors.
(+)-Ketoconazole is an imidazole anti-fungal agent, a CYP3A4 inhibitor.Target: CYP3A4 (+)-Ketoconazole, an imidazole anti-fungal agent, has often produced features of androgen deficiency including decreased libido, gynecomastia, impotence, oligospermia, and decreased testosterone levels, in men being treated for chronic mycotic infections [1]. (+)-Ketoconazole also is a cytochrome P450 inhibitor [2].(+)-Ketoconazole (KTZ), on the antischistosomal potential of these quinolines against Schistosoma mansoni infection by evaluating parasitological, histopathological, and biochemical parameters. Mice were classified into 7 groups: uninfected untreated (I), infected untreated (II), infected treated orally with PZQ (1,000 mg/kg) (III), QN (400 mg/kg) (IV), KTZ (10 mg/kg)+QN as group IV (V), HF (400 mg/kg) (VI), and KTZ (as group V)+HF (as group VI) (VII). KTZ plus QN or HF produced more inhibition (P<0.05) in hepatic CYP450 (85.7% and 83.8%) and CYT b5 (75.5% and 73.5%) activities, respectively, than in groups treated with QN or HF alone. This was accompanied with more reduction in female (89.0% and 79.3%), total worms (81.4% and 70.3%), and eggs burden (hepatic; 83.8%, 66.0% and intestinal; 68%, 64.5%), respectively, and encountering the granulomatous reaction to parasite eggs trapped in the liver [3].Clinical indications: Candida infection; Dermatophytosis; Folliculitis FDA Approved Date: Toxicity: teratogenesis; liver injuries; adrenal gland problems
Lovastatin is a cell-permeable HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower cholesterol.
VTP-27999 Hcl is an alkyl amine Renin inhibitor; VTP-27999 is useful for Hypertension and End-Organ Diseases.IC50 value:Target: Renin
JP104, a aryl carbamate, is an irreversible FAAH inhibitor with a pIC50 of ~8[1].
L-669,262, a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, with an IC50 of 0.10 ng/mL for rat liver HMG-CoA[1].
SPL-334 is a potent and selective S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) inhibitor. SPL-334 causes a significant reduction in the production of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 and the levels of the chemokine CCL11 (eotaxin-1) in the airways. SPL-334 can be used in research of allergic airway inflammation[1].
Ilexsaponin B2 is a saponin isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. Ilexsaponin B2 is a potent phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and PDEI inhibitor with IC50 values of 48.8 μM and 477.5 μM, respectively[1].
Enoximone is an inotropic vasodilating agent and a selective and orally active phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.9 μM. Enoximone induces vasodilatation and increases intracellular levels of cAMP by inhibiting cGMP-inhibited PDE. Enoximone also exhibits PDE4 inhibitory effect with an IC50 of 21.1 μM for myocardial PDE4A. Enoximone has the potential for congestive heart failure research and has bronchodilatory, antiasthma and anti-inflammatory effects[1][2][3].
UK 356618 (Compound 4j) is a potent and selective inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3) with an IC50 of 5.9 nM. UK 356618 is >140-fold less potent against MMP-1 (IC50 of 51,000 nM), MMP-2 (IC50 of 1790 nM), MMP-9 (IC50 of 840 nM) and MMP-14 (IC50 of 1900 nM) compared with MMP-3[1].
Coptisine chloride is an alkaloid from Chinese goldthread, and acts as an efficient uncompetitive IDO inhibitor with a Ki value of 5.8 μM and an IC50 value of 6.3 μM.
17-AAG is a potent HSP90 inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM, having a 100-fold higher binding affinity for tumour cell derived HSP90 than normal cell derived HSP90.
Propentofylline is a xanthine-derivative that inhibits adenosine uptake and blocks phosphodiesterase activity. Propentofylline has neuroprotective, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects that improve cognition and dementia severity in patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia.
hCAII-IN-1 (compound 7f) is a potent and selective inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase (CA II/IX) with Kis of 1.2 and 113.6 nM, respectively. hCAII-IN-1 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases[1].
hCA I-IN-1 (Compound 6q) is a human carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I) inhibitor with Ki values of 38.3, 716.4, 940.1 and 192.8 nM against hCA I, hCA II, hCAIX and hCAXII, respectively[1].
Nelfinavir(AG-1341) is a potent and orally bioavailable human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 protease inhibitor (Ki=2 nM) and is widely prescribed in combination with HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors for the treatment of HIV infection. IC50 Valur: 2 nM (Ki for HIV-1 protease) [2]Target: HIV Proteasein vitro: In vitro exposure (72 hours) of HAECs to NEL (0.25-2 μg/mL) decreased both basal (2.5-fold) and insulin-induced NO production (4- to 5-fold). NEL suppressed insulin-induced phosphorylation of both Akt and eNOS at serine residues 473 and 1177, respectively. NEL decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of IR-β, IRS-1, and PI3K. Coexposure to troglitazone (TRO; 250 nM) ameliorated the suppressive effects of NEL on insulin signaling and NO production. Coexposure to TRO also increased eNOS expression in NEL-treated HAECs [1]. AG1343 is a potent enzyme inhibitor (Ki = 2 nM) and antiviral agent (HIV-1 ED50 = 14 nM). An X-ray cocrystal structure of the enzyme-AG1343 complex reveals how the novel thiophenyl ether and phenol-amide substituents of the inhibitor interact with the S1 and S2 subsites of HIV-1 protease, respectively [2].in vivo: In vivo studies indicate that AG1343 is well absorbed orally in a variety of species and possesses favorable pharmacokinetic properties in humans [2].