HIF-2α-IN-2 is a hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-2α) inhibitor extracted from patent WO2015035223A1, Compound 232, has an IC50 of 16 nM in scintillation proximity assay (SPA)[1].
β-Amyrin palmitate shows HMG-CoA reductase inhibition[1]. And β-Amyrin palmitate has anti-diabetes mellitus activity[2].
AZD7687 is a potent and selective DGAT1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 80 nM (hDGAT1).IC50 value: 80 nM [1]Target: DGAT1in vitro: Plasma AZD7687 exposure was measured repeatedly. Postprandial serum TAG excursion was measured during 8 h after a standardized mixed meal with fat energy content of 60% (SMM 60%; five cohorts, 1-20 mg), before (baseline) and after dosing, to assess effects on gut DGAT1 activity. AZD7687 markedly reduced postprandial TAG excursion with a steep concentration-effect relationship [2].in vivo: Multiple doses of AZD7687 (1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/day, n=6 or n=12 for each) or placebo (n=20) were administered for 1 week. Dose-dependent reductions in postprandial serum TAG were demonstrated with AZD7687 doses ≥5mg compared with placebo (p<0.01). Significant (p<0.001) increases in plasma GLP-1 and PYY levels were seen at these doses, but no clear effect on gastric emptying was demonstrated at the end of treatment. With AZD7687 doses >5 mg/day, gastrointestinal (GI) side effects increased; 11/18 of these participants discontinued treatment owing to diarrhoea [3].
Alda-1 is a potent ALDH2 agonist, which activates wild-type ALDH2 and restores near wild-type activity to ALDH2*2.
Etazolate hydrochloride (SQ 20009) is an orally active, selective inhibitor of type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) with an IC50 of 2 μM. Etazolate hydrochloride is a γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor regulator. Etazolate hydrochloride is an α-secretase activator and induced the production of soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPPα). Etazolate hydrochloride, a pyrazolopyridine class derivative, increases cAMP levels. Etazolate hydrochloride has anxiolyticlike, antidepressant-like and anti-inflammatory effects[1][2][3][4][5].
Isoeuphorbetin, a dimeric coumarin isolated from Viola philippica, is a potent HCV protease inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.63 µg/mL[1].
Sinapinic acid (Sinapic acid) is a phenolic compound isolated from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. Rhizome, acts as an inhibitor of HDAC, with an IC50 of 2.27 mM[1], and also inhibits ACE-I activity[2]. Sinapinic acid posssess potent anti-tumor activity, induces apoptosis of tumor cells[1]. Sinapinic acid shows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities[2]. Sinapinic acid reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HOMA-IR index, and also normalizes some serum parameters of antioxidative abilities and oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats[3].
NCT-505 is a potent and selective aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 7 nM, and weakly inhibits hALDH1A2, hALDH1A3, hALDH2, hALDH3A1 (IC50s, >57, 22.8, 20.1, >57 μM).
FK-448 Free base is an effective and specific inhibitor of chymotrypsin, with an IC50 of 720 nM.
4-Ethynyl-L-phenylalanine hydrochloride is a selective, reversible, potent and competitive inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). 4-Ethynyl-L-phenylalanine hydrochloride is a competitive inhibitor with regard to the substrate tryptophan, with a Ki of 32.6 μM. 4-Ethynyl-L-phenylalanine hydrochloride selectively and reversibly inhibits the biosynthesis of serotonin[1].
K134 is a phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor. The IC50s of K134 toward PDE3A, PDE3B, PDE5, PDE2 and PDE4 are 0.1, 0.28, 12.1, >300 and >300 µM, respectively.
PD125754 is an oligopeptide renin inhibitor (IC50: 22 nM)[1].
VU 0364739 hydrochloride is a highly selective phospholipase D2 (PLD2) inhibitor with IC50s of 20 and 1500 nM for PLD2 and PLD1, respectively. VU 0364739 hydrochloride induces apoptosis and it can be used for cancer research[1].
Taraxerone is isolated from Sedum sarmentosum. Taraxerone enhances effects on alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities with EC50 values of 512.42 and 500.16 μM, respectively[1].
Danshenol A, an abietane-type diterpenoid, is an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 μM. Danshenol A can protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress by directly scavenging ROS. Danshenol A has anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Danshenol A can be used for atherosclerosis research[1][2][3][4].
Phaeosphaone D is a thiodiketopiperazine alkaloid compound isolated from Phaeosphaeria fuckelii, an endophytic fungus. Phaeosphaone D displays mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 33.2 μM[1].
Sitagliptin fenilalanil is a dipeptidyl aminopeptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor[1].
ABT-702 dihydrochloride is a potent adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor (IC50=1.7 nM).
Mca-PLGL-Dpa-AR-NH2 is a fluorescent peptide MMP substrate[1].
Nortadalafil is demethyl Tadalafil, which is a PDE5 inhibitor, currently marketed in pill form for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) under the name Cialis; and under the name Adcirca for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.IC50 value:Target:
Phenidone, an orally active dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), ameliorates rat paralysis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Phenidone is a potent hypotensive agent in the spontaneously hypertensive rat[1][2]. Phenidone is used as a photographic developer[3].
RORγt inverse agonist 30 (Compound 1) is a potent RORγt inverse agonist with the IC50 of 46 nM. Targeting the nuclear receptor RORγt is effective in autoimmune disorders[1].
Pyributicarb, a carbamate-type herbicide, is a potent activator of both CYP3A4 gene and human pregnane X receptor (hPXR).
KLK7/ELA2-IN-1 is a potent kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) and epidermal elastase 2 (ELA2) inhibitor with IC50s of 6 nM and 55 nM, respectively (WO2009024527A1, Example 4)[1].
CYP3A4-IN-1 (compound 5a) is a potent cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.085 µM[1].
VBY-825 is a novel, reversible cathepsin inhibitor with high potency against cathepsins B, L, S and V.IC50 value: Target: 130/250/250/330/2.3/4.7 nM(Ki for cathepsin S/L/ZV/Bhumanized-rabbit cathepsin K/cathepsin F) [1]VBY-825 is a potent inhibitor of the assayed cathepsins and its potency against at least one cathepsin, cathepsin S, extends across species relevant for pharmacology studies, specifically mouse. 10 mg/kg/day dose of VBY-825 achieves a trough plasma concentration >200nM, which is well above that required for full inhibition of the intracellular activity of cathepsins B, F, K, L, S and V in both mouse and human cell lines.
SHP836 is a distinct, allosteric site 2 SHP2 inhibitor with IC50 of 12 uM (SHP2 1-525), and selective over the phosphatase domain (SHP2 PTP IC50>100 uM).downregulates DUSP6 mRNA, a downstream MAPK pathway marker, in KYSE-520 cancer cells; enhances pharmacological pathway inhibition in cells combined with SHP099.
Emodic acid (NSC624610) is an anthraquinone compound isolated from A. microcarpus, which can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB. Emodic acid can also inhibit the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK, the secretion of tumor-promoting cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, and the expression of VEGF and MMP, thereby inhibiting the invasion and migration potential of cancer cells[1].
Gymnestrogenin is a pentahydroxytriterpene from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre R.Br[1]. Gymnestrogenin is a LXR antagonist with IC50s of 2.5 and 1.4 μM for LXRα and LXRβ transactivation, respectively. Gymnestrogenin reduces the transcriptional activity of LXR even on its own promoter, thus reducing the mRNA expression[2].
GYKI-47261 dihydrochloride is a competitive, orally active, and selective AMPA receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 2.5 μM. GYKI-47261 has broad spectrum anticonvulsive activity and neuroprotective effects. GYKI-47261 dihydrochloride is also a potent inducer of CYP2E1[1][2].