PF-06869206 is an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of the sodium-phosphate cotransporter NaPi2a (SLC34A1) with an IC50 of 380 nM.
Ralfinamide (FCE-26742A) is an orally available Na(+) channel blocker derived from α-aminoamide, with function of suppressing pain[1].
A-887826 is a potent, selective, oral bioavailable and voltage-dependent Na(v)1.8 sodium channel blocker with an IC50 of 11 nM . A-887826 attenuates neuropathic tactile allodynia in vivo[1].
ATX-II is a specific Na+ channel Modulator toxin that can be isolated from the venom of sea anemone (Anemonia sulcata). ATX-II causes delayed inactivation of the Na+HY-B1010), Caffeine, and Ryanodine (HY-103306). ATX-II also induces pulmonary vein arrhythmogenesis and atrial fibrillation[1][2].
Cofirasersen is designed to reduce the expression of ENaC in the lung. ENaC is a sodium transport channel and believed to be hyperactive in cystic fibrosis, which is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene.
Cyphenothrin (S-2703) is a pyrethroid pesticide. Cyphenothrin acts on the neuromuscular system of insects, intervening in the gating mechanism of sodium channels[1].
Zorevunersen (STK-001) is an antisense oligonucleotide that is intended to increase the level of productive SCN1A mRNA and consequently increase the expression of the sodium channel Nav1.1 protein. Zorevunersen is used for the study of Dravet syndrome.
Oxcarbazepine-D4 (GP 47680-D4) is the deuterium labeled Oxcarbazepine. Oxcarbazepine is a sodium channel blocker[1]. Oxcarbazepine significantly inhibits glioblastoma cell growth and induces apoptosis or G2/M arrest in glioblastoma cell lines[2]. Anti-cancer and anticonvulsant effects[2][3].
Zorevunersen sodium is an antisense oligonucleotide that is intended to increase the level of productive SCN1A mRNA and consequently increase the expression of the sodium channel Nav1.1 protein. Zorevunersen sodium is used for the study of Dravet syndrome.
Nisoxetine hydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of noradrenaline transporter (NET), with a Kd of 0.61 nM. Nisoxetine hydrochloride is an antidepressant and local anesthetic, it can block voltage-gated sodium channels[1][2][3].
Carbamazepine, a sodium channel blocker, is an anticonvulsant drug.Target: Sodium channelCarbamazepine inhibits the binding of [3H]batrachotoxinin A 20-α-benzoate (BTX-B) to a receptor site of voltage-sensitive sodium channel with IC50 of 131 μM, to decrease the activation of sodium channel ion flux in rat brain synaptosomes. Carbamazepine does not alter basal 125I-labeled scorpion toxin binding to synaptosomes in the absence of batrachotoxin, but when batrachotoxin (1.25 μM) added, Carbamazepine inhibits the batrachotoxin-dependent increase in scorpion toxin binding in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 of 260 μM mediated at the alkaloid toxin binding site, none of which affects [3H]saxitoxin binding [1]. Carbamazepine at 25 mg/kg significantly increases extracellular levels of striatal and hippocampal dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in a dose dependent manner, while Carbamazepine at 50 mg/kg significantly decreases total levels of striatal DA and DOPA as well as hippocampal HVA, but has no effect on total levels of striatal DOPAC and HVA nor on hippocampal DA, DOPA and DOPAC [2].
DPI 201-106 (SDZ 201106) is a cardiotonic agent with a synergistic sarcolemmal and intracellular mechanism of action. DPI 201-106 shows cardioselective modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) resulting in a positive inotropic effect[1][2][3].
Tocainide hydrochloride is an orally activesodium channel blocker, it blocks the sodium channels in the pain-producing foci in the nerve membranes. Tocainide hydrochloride is a primary amine analog of lidocaine, can be used for the treatment of tinnitus[1][2].
DSP-2230 is a selective Nav1.7/Nav1.8 blocker[1][2].
Dimethyl lithospermate B (dmLSB) is a selective Na+ channel agonist. Dimethyl lithospermate B slows inactivation of sodium current (INa), leading to increased inward current during the early phases of the action potential (AP)[1][2].
Nav1.1 activator 1 (compound 4), a highly potent Nav1.1 activator with BBB penetration, increases decay time constant (tau) of Nav1.1 currents at 0.03 μM along with significant selectivity against Nav1.2, Nav1.5, and Nav1.6[1].
PH-064 (BIM-46187) is a sodium channel inhibitor extracted from patent FR 2879460 A1.
NHE3-IN-2 is a Na+/H+ exchanger-3 (NHE3) inhibitor ( patent WO2001079186A1, example 6-Chlor-4-phenyl-2-chinazolinyl-guanidin)[1].
XEN907 is a novel spirooxindole NaV1.7 blocker, inhibits hNaV1.7 with IC50 of 3 nM.IC50 value: 3 nMTarget: NaV1.7in vitro: XEN907 shows a further 10-fold increase in potency, represents a promising structure for further optimization efforts. XEN907 shows no significant activity at 10 μM against a broad panel of 63 receptors and transporters. Determination of the ADME properties of XEN907 reveals that XEN907 is not cytotoxic and has favourable hepatocyte metabolic stability for both human and dog, although inhibition of CYP3A4 is observed in a recombinant human enzyme assay.[1]in vivo: Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats of XEN907 demonstrates that, consistent with the compound's ADME parameters, the compound is modestly bioavailable. Following an initial rapid absorption phase (oral Tmax = 20 min), XEN907 is extensively distributed (Vss 600-fold higher than the plasma volume in rats) and rapidly cleared. [1]
Ethacizine hydrochloride (Ethacizin; NIK-244) is a longer-lasting Class Ic antiarrhythmic agent than Flecainide[1]. Ethacizine hydrochloride (Ethacizin; NIK-244) inhibits the depolarizing current responsible for the intraatrial and His-Purkinje-ventricular conduction[2].
PF-04885614 is a potent NaV1.8 inhibitor, extracted from patent US2018328915. PF-04885614 has potential for neurological and neurodevelopmental diseases treatment[1].
Lamotrigine-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Lamotrigine (BW430C) is a potent and orally active anticonvulsant or antiepileptic agent. Lamotrigine selectively blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels, stabilizing presynaptic neuronal membranes and inhibiting glutamate release. Lamotrigine can be used for the research of epilepsy, focal seizure, et al[1][2].
S3969 is a potent and reversible activator of the human epithelial sodium channel (hENaC). The apparent EC50 for S3969 activation of hENaC is 1.2 μm[1].
(+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4].
Budiodarone (ATI-2042) is an analogue of Amiodarone (HY-14187) with a half-life of 7 h. Budiodarone inhibits sodium, potassium, and calcium ion channels. Budiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent and can be used for the research of atrial fibrillation[1].
Benzamil hydrochloride is a specific blocker of sodium channel (ENaC).
Idrevloride, an epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) inhibitor (WO2016133967), can be used for the research of skin disorders[1].
Rimeporide is a potent and selective inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-1).
Moricizine is an antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.Target: Sodium ChannelMoricizine is an antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances. Moricizine works by inhibiting the rapid inward sodium current across myocardial cell membranes. Moricizine induced the tonic block of INa with the apparent dissociation constant (Kd,app) of 6.3 microM at -100 mV and 99.3 microM at -140 mV. Moricizine at 30 microM shifted the h infinity curve to the hyperpolarizing direction by 8.6 +/- 2.4 mV. Moricizine also produced the phasic block of INa, which was enhanced with the increase in the duration of train pulses, and was more prominent with a holding potential (HP) of -100 mV than with an HP of -140 mV. Moricizine would exert an antiarrhythmic action on atrial myocytes, as well as on ventricular myocytes, by blocking Na+ channels with a high affinity to the inactivated state and a slow dissociation kinetics [1].
Lidocaine, an amide local anesthetic, has anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo, possibly due to an attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and reduction of neutrophils influx.Target: Lidocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic or as a local anesthetic for minor surgery. Lidocaine, the first amino amide–type local anesthetic, was first synthesized under the name xylocaine by Swedish chemist Nils Lofgren in 1943. His colleague Bengt Lundqvist performed the first injection anesthesia experiments on himself.Lidocaine is approximately 95% metabolized (dealkylated) in the liver by CYP3A4 to the pharmacologically-active metabolites monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and then subsequently to the inactive glycine xylidide. MEGX has a longer half life than lidocaine but also is a less potent sodium channel blocker. The elimination half-life of lidocaine is approximately 90–120 minutes in most patients. This may be prolonged in patients with hepatic impairment (average 343 minutes) or congestive heart failure (average 136 minutes).