OVA-E1 peptide TFA, is an antagonist variant of SIINFEKL [OVA (257-264). OVA-E1 peptide, activates the p38 and JNK cascades similarly in mutant and wild-type thymocytes[1].
EGF-R (661-681) T669 Peptide is a MAPK substrate that can used to measure MAPK catalytic activity[1].
p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitor IV is a highly specific ATP-competitive p38α MAPK inhibitor with IC50s of 0.13 and 0.55 μM for p38α and p38β MAPK, respectively[1].
Sesaminol, isolated from Justicia orbiculata, has antioxidative activity, Sesaminol inhibits lipid peroxidation and shows neuroprotection effect. Sesaminol potently inhibits MAPK cascades by preventing phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPKs, and caspase-3 but not ERK-MAPK expression[1][2][3][4].
Bakuchiol is a phytoestrogen isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L; has anti-tumor effects.IC50 value:Target:in vitro: Bakuchiol reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (Psim) of cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, showing a more potent effect than that of resveratrol. S phase arrest, caspase 9/3 activaton, p53 and Bax up-regulation, as well as Bcl-2 down-regulation were observed in bakuchiol-treated A549 cells [1]. UGT2B7 was inhibited by the strongest intensity. The noncompetitive inhibition was demonstrated by the results obtained from Dixon plot and Lineweaver-Burk plot. The Ki value was calculated to be 10.7 μM [2]. Bakuchiol was found to be naturally occurring potent inhibitors of hCE2, with low Ki values ranging from 0.62μM to 3.89μM [3]. After exposure to bakuchiol at 0.25-fold, 0.5-fold and 1-fold of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (3.91 μg/ml) for 24h, the fungal conidia of T. mentagrophytes demonstrated a significant dose-dependent increase in membrane permeability. Moreover, bakuchiol at 1-fold MIC elicited a 187% elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in fungal cells after a 3-h incubation [4].in vivo: In combination with the reported concentration after an intravenous administration of bakuchiol (15 mg/kg) in rats, the high risk of in vivo inhibition of bakuchiol towards UGT2B7-catalyzed metabolism of drugs was indicated [2]. In a guinea pig model of tinea pedis, bakuchiol at 1%, 5% or 10% (w/w) concentration in aqueous cream could significantly reduce the fungal burden of infected feet (p<0.01-0.05) [4].
SB 202190 is a cell-permeable p38 MAP kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 50 nM and 100 nM for p38 and p38β2, respectively.
N-Feruloyloctopamine, isolated from Garlic skin, is an antioxidant constituent. N-Feruloyloctopamine significantly decreases the phosphorylation levels of Akt and p38 MAPK[1].
MAPK-IN-1 (Compound 2) is a MAPK signaling pathway inhibitor. MAPK-IN-1 exhibits AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 23.84 μM. MAPK-IN-1 shows anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activity and can be used for Alzheimer's disease research[1].
SKF-86002 is a potent inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase wit IC50 of 0.5-1 uM; inhibits LPS-induced IL-1 and TNF-α production in human monocytes (IC50 = 1 μM).IC50 value:Target: p38 MAPK inhibitorin vitro: SKF-86002 inhibited prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) synthase activity (IC50 120 microM) as well as prostanoid production by rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells (IC50 70 microM) and its sonicate (IC50 100 microM) and human monocytes (IC50 1 microM). In addition, SK&F 86002 inhibited the generation of dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETE) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) by a high speed supernatant fraction of RBL-1 cells (IC50 10 microM) [1]. differentiation of HL-60 cells toward the neutrophil phenotype resulted in a loss in c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation with concomitant acquisition of formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine-stimulatable and stress-inducible p38 MAPK activity as well as apoptosis blockade by SKF-86002 [2]. SKF-86002 blocked superoxide anion production in response to FMLP and reduced adhesion and chemotaxis in response to PAF or FMLP [3].
Pseudocoptisine acetate, a quaternary alkaloid with a benzylisoquinoline skeleton, is isolated from the tubers of Corydalis turtschaninovii. Pseudocoptisine acetate shows anti-inflammatory properties[1].
Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia[1].
SD-169 is an orally active ATP-competitive inhibitor of p38α MAPK, with an IC50 of 3.2 nM. SD-169 also weakly inhibits p38β MAPK with an IC50 of 122 nM. SD-169 prevents the development and progression of diabetes by inhibiting T cell infiltration and activation[1].
Pamapimod-d4 (Ro4402257-d4) is the deuterium labeled Pamapimod. Pamapimod (Ro4402257) is a potent, selective and orally active p38 MAPK inhibitor with IC50s of 14 nM and 480 nM and Kis of 1.3 nM and 120 nM for p38α and p38β, respectively. Pamapimod has no activity against p38δ or p38γ isoforms. Pamapimod has the potential for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases treatment[1][2].
Andrograpanin, a bioactive compound from Andrographis paniculata, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious properties[1][2].
Iroxanadine sulfate is a MAPK p38 inhibitor potentially for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Acumapimod (BCT197) is an orally active p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, with an IC50 of less than 1 μM for p38α.
Skepinone-L is a selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. IC50 value:Target: p38MAPKskepinone-L, the first ATP-competitive p38 MAPK inhibitor with excellent in vivo efficacy and selectivity. Therefore, skepinone-L is a valuable probe for chem. biol. research, and it may foster the development of a unique class of kinase inhibitors.
Gypenoside L is a saponin that can be found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Gypenoside L increases the SA-β-galactosidase activity, promotes the production of senescence-associated secretory cytokines. Gypenoside L also can activate p38 and ERK MAPK pathways and NF-κB pathway to induce senescence. Gypenoside L exhibits anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].
Cudraflavone B is a prenylated flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Cudraflavone B is also a dual inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2. Cudraflavone B blocks the translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in macrophages. Thus, Cudraflavone B inhibits tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) gene expression and secretion. Cudraflavone B also triggers the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, activates NF-κB, the MAPK p38, and ERK, and induced the expression of SIRT1. Thus Cudraflavone B inhibits the growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells[1][2].
SR-3737 is potent both JNK3 and p38 inhibitor.
MKK7-COV-9 is a potent and selective covalent inhibitor of MKK7 and targets a specific protein–protein interaction of MKK7. MKK7-COV-9 blocks primary B cell activation in response to LPS with an EC50 of 4.98 μM[1].
Cycloartenol, a phytosterol compound, is one of the key precusor substances for biosynthesis of numerous sterol compounds. Cycloartenol inhibits the migration of glioma cells and suppresses the phosphorylation of the p38 MAP kinase. Cycloartenol has a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, antibiosis and anti-alzheimer's disease. Cycloartenol also plays an important role in the process of plant growth and development[1][2].
OVA-E1 peptide, is an antagonist variant of SIINFEKL [OVA (257-264). OVA-E1 peptide, activates the p38 and JNK cascades similarly in mutant and wild-type thymocytes[1].
CG-200745 is a potent HDAC inhibitor, with IC50s of <3 μM for sensitive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. CG-200745 induces the accumulation of p53, promotes p53-dependent transactivation, and enhances the expression of proteins encoded by p53 target genes, MDM2 and p21 (Waf1/Cip1) in human prostate cancer cells[1]. CG-200745 attenuates phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in kidneys and it has a renoprotective effect by suppressing renal fibrosis and inflammation in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model[2].
Org 48762-0 is a potent, orally active and selective p38 inhibitor with EC50 of 0.1 μM. Org 48762-0 reduces LPS-induced TNFα release and prevents bone damage in collagen-induced arthritis in mice[1].
BMS-751324 is a novel clinical prodrug of BMS-582949, which is a highly selective p38α MAPK inhibitor with IC50 of 13 nM; BMS-751324 is effectively bioconverted into parent drug BMS-582949 in vivo by alkaline phosphatase and esterase in a stepwise manner; demonstrates similar efficacy in rat LPS-induced TNFα pharmacodynamic model and rat adjuvant arthritis model compared with BMS-582949; BMS-751324 is indeed effective in addressing the pH-dependent absorption issue associated with BMS-582949.
Cornuside is a secoiridoid glucoside isolated from the fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., which is a traditional oriental medicine for treating inflammatory diseases and invigorating blood circulation. Cornuside inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic response by down-regulating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Cornuside has anti-allergic effects in vivo and in vitro which suggests a therapeutic application of this agent in inflammatory allergic diseases[1].
SB 202190 hydrochloride is a selective p38 MAP kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 50 nM and 100 nM for p38α and p38β2, respectively. SB 202190 hydrochloride binds to the ATP pocket of the active recombinant human p38 kinase with a Kd of 38 nM. SB 202190 hydrochloride has anti-cancer activity[1][2]. SB202190 hydrochloride induces autophagy[3].
5,6,7-Trimethoxyflavone is a novel p38-α MAPK inhibitor with an anti-inflammatory effect. 5,6,7-Trimethoxyflavone is isolated from several plants including Zeyhera tuberculosa, Callicarpa japonica, and Kickxia lanigera[1].