Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine, is a major metabolite of hydroxyzine, and a racemic selective H1 receptor inverse agonist used in the treatment of allergies, hay fever, angioedema, and urticaria. IC50 value:Target: Histamine H1 receptorCetirizine crosses the blood-brain barrier only slightly, reducing the sedative side-effect common with older antihistamines. It has also been shown to inhibit eosinophil chemotaxis and LTB4 release. At a dosage of 20 mg, Boone et al. found that it inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 in patients with atopic dermatitis. The levorotary enantiomer of cetirizine, known as levocetirizine, is the more active form. From Wikipedia.
Antazoline is an H1 receptor antagonist that affects the activity of the central nervous system, has a potent antiarrhythmic effect[1][2][3].
(Rac)-Levomepromazine-d3 ((Rac)-Methotrimeprazine-d3) hydrochloride is a labelled racemic Methotrimeprazine, which is a phenothiazine which has antagonist actions at multiple neurotransmitter receptor sites, including dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonin and histamine receptors[1][2].
Doxylamine D5 succinate is deuterium labeled Doxylamine, which is a first generation antihistamine.
Cetirizine 2Hcl, a second-generation antihistamine, is a major metabolite of hydroxyzine, and a racemic selective H1 receptor inverse agonist used in the treatment of allergies, hay fever, angioedema, and urticaria. IC50 value:Target: Histamine H1 receptorCetirizine crosses the blood-brain barrier only slightly, reducing the sedative side-effect common with older antihistamines. It has also been shown to inhibit eosinophil chemotaxis and LTB4 release. At a dosage of 20 mg, Boone et al. found that it inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 in patients with atopic dermatitis. The levorotary enantiomer of cetirizine, known as levocetirizine, is the more active form. From Wikipedia.
H4R antagonist 1 is a potent and highly selective histamine H4 receptor (H4R) antagonist with an IC50 of 27 nM. H4R antagonist 1 does not show any noticeable binding affinity to other subtypes of histamine receptors, H1R, H2R, and H3R[1].
BMY-25271 is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist.
Peptide 401, a potent mast cell degranulating factor from bee venom, suppresses the increased vascular permeability due to intradermal injection of various smooth muscle spasmogens (histamine, and 5-HT).
Granuliberin R is a new mast cell degranulating peptide comes from amphibian, can be isolated from the skin of frog Rana rugosa. Granuliberin R is a dodecapeptide, can act on rat peritoneal mast cell to liberate granules and release histamine[1][2].
Olopatadine is an orally active and selective histamine 1 (H1) receptor antagonist and a mast cell stabilizer. Olopatadine prevents immunologically stimulated pro-inflammatory mediator release from human conjunctival mast cells. Olopatadine can be used for researching allergic conjunctivitis[1][2].
Dimethindene maleate is a selective histamine H1 antagonist with antihistamine effects. Dimethindene maleate can be used for the research of hypersensitivity reactions[1][2][3].
Antazoline hydrochloride is a 1st generation antihistamine with also anticholinergic properties used to relieve nasal congestion and in eye drops.
Mianserin hydrochloride is a H1 receptor inverse agonist and is a psychoactive agent of the tetracyclic antidepressant.Target: H1 receptorMianserin is a psychoactive drug of the tetracyclic antidepressant (TeCA) therapeutic family. It is classified as a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA) and has antidepressant, anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), hypnotic (sedating), antiemetic (nausea and vomiting-attenuating), orexigenic (appetite-stimulating), and antihistamine effects. It is not approved for use in the US, but its analogue, mirtazapine, is. Mianserin was the first antidepressant to reach the UK market that was less dangerous than the tricyclic antidepressants in overdose.Mianserin is an antagonist/inverse agonist of the H1, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT6, 5-HT7, α1-adrenergic, and α2-adrenergic receptors, and also inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine. As a high affinity H1 receptor inverse agonist, mianserin has strong antihistamine effects (sedation, weight gain, etc.). Contrarily, it has negligible affinity for the mACh receptors, and thus lacks any anticholinergic properties. It was recently found to be a potent kappa opioid receptor agonist. In addition, mianserin also appears to be a potent antagonist of the neuronal octopamine receptor. What implications this may have on mood are currently unknown, however octopamine has been implicated in the regulation of sleep, appetite and insulin production and therefore may theoretically contribute to the overall side effect profile of mianserin.
Acrivastine (BW825C) is a short acting histamine 1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Zotepine, an antipsychotic agent, is a potent antagonist of 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, Histamine H1, α1-adrenergic and Dopamine D2 receptors, with Kds of 2.6 nM, 3.2 nM, 3.3 nM, 7.3 nM and 8 nM, respectively. Zotepine exhibits antidepressive and anxiolytic effects in vivo[1][2].
Levocabastine (R 50547) is a potent and selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Levocabastine hydrochloride is also a selective, high affinity neurotensin receptor subtype 2 (NTR2) antagonist, with a Ki of 17 nM for mNTR2. Levocabastine can act as a VLA-4 antagonist, interferes with conjunctival eosinophil infiltration in allergic conjunctivitis (AC)[1][2][3].
FRG-8701 is a new Histamine H2-receptor antagonist with an IC50 of ranging from 0.25 to 0.43 μM.
Hydroxyzine D4 is deuterium labeled Hydroxyzine. Hydroxyzine is a heterocyclic histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Hydroxyzine has anticholinergic, anxiolytic and analgesic properties[1].
4-Methylhistamine (hydrochloride) is a potent, high affinity H4 receptor agonist Ki of 7 nM. 4-Methylhistamine (hydrochloride) displays more than 100-fold selectivity over other human histamine receptor subtypes[1].
Zaltidine(CP-57361) is a H2-receptor antagonist, which has the antisecretory action.IC50 Value: Target: H2 receptorin vitro:in vivo: In eight healthy male volunteers single oral doses of 5 mg, 25 mg and 100 mg produced dose-related inhibition of basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid output (M.A.O.) with an estimated ID50 of 40 mg for the latter. In eight subjects with duodenal ulceration single 100 mg and 200 mg doses produced 85% and 97% inhibition of M.A.O. at peak (3 h post-dose) and 20% and 23% inhibition at 24 h, respectively; inhibition of basal acid output was 97% at 3 h and 50% at 24 h with both doses [1]. One hundred and thirty-five patients were randomly allocated to 4 weeks' treatment with either 150 mg zaltidine once daily or placebo. Fifty-nine were treated for a full 4 weeks with zaltidine before the trial was stopped. Healing rates after 4 weeks of zaltidine and placebo were 86% and 19%, respectively (p less than 0.001) [2].
Ranitidine bismuth citrate is an orally active Histamine H2-receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 3.3 μM. Ranitidine bismuth citrate has high selectivity for SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Ranitidine bismuth citrate is a commonly used agent anti-Helicobacter pylori infection with an MIC90 value of 16 ng/L[1][2][3].
AZD5213 is a selective and competitive human H3 receptor antagonist with a pKi value of 9.3 for hH3R. AZD5213 can be used for the research of sleep and cognitive regulation[1][2].
ICI 162846 is an orally active antagonist of H2 receptor. ICI 162846 inhibits acid production accompanied by an increase in the secretion of histamine in chronic duodenal ulcer (CDU) models. ICI 162846 is effective in preventing CDU[1][2].
Clobenpropit dihydrobromide is a potent histamine H3R antagonist/inverse agonist with a pEC50 of 8.07 for histamine H3LR[1]. Clobenpropit dihydrobromide acts as partial agonist at histamine H4 receptors (Ki 13 nM). Clobenpropit dihydrobromide also binds to serotonin 5-HT3 receptors (Ki 7.4 nM) and α2A/α2C adrenoceptors (Ki 17.4/7.8 nM)[2]. Clobenpropit dihydrobromide increases apoptosis[3].
Lafutidine-d10 is deuterium labeled Lafutidine. Lafutidine (FRG-8813) is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist (H2RA), with proven gastric mucosal protective effects. Lafutidine can be used for the research of gastroesophageal reflux disease[1].
H4R antagonist 2 (page 68), a Furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivative, is a potent H4R antagonist. H4R antagonist 2 can be used in research of rheumatoid arthritis[1].
Hydroxyzine Dihydrochloride is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist.Target: Histamine H1-ReceptorHydroxyzine inhibits carbachol (10 μM)-induced serotonin release by 34% at 10 μM, by 25% 1 μM and by 17% 0.1 μM in pretreated bladder slices for 60 min [1]. Hydroxyzine (0.1 mM) treatment inhibits the progression and severity of EAE by 50% and the extent of mast cell degranulation by 70% in Lewis rats with allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) [2]. Hydroxyzine (500 M) significantly increases transport of etoposide to the serosal site in the jejunal everted sacs. Hydroxyzine significantly reduces the efflux and approximately 2.4 g/mL of etoposide in the jejunum and ileum. Hydroxyzine (0.2 μg/mL) significantly enhances the efflux of RH123 to the lumen [3].Hydroxyzine (500 μM) significantly decreases the steady-state etoposide concentration 2-fold, where the steady-state concentration reached about 0.055 μM/mL in Sprague-Dawley rats [3]. Hydroxyzine (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg i.p.) shows little direct analgesic activity but markedly potentiates only the effect of morphine on the vocalization after-discharge which represents the affective component of pain in rats. Hydroxyzine (50 mg/kg i.p.) potentiates morphine on the tail-flick test, while Hydroxyzine (12.5 mg/kg i.p.) decreases morphine antinociception in rats [4].
Pheniramine (Prophenpyridamine;Tripoton) is a first-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist, acts on the central nervous system (CNS) with sedative and hypnotic effect. Pheniramine displays antitumor effect and induces leukemia cells apoptosis. Pheniramine is also a safe and effective local anesthetic, with antipruritic effects[1][2][3][4].
Bavisant Hcl (JNJ-31001074) is a highly selective, orally active antagonist of the human H3 receptor with a novel mechanism of action, involving wakefulness and cognition, with potential as a treatment for ADHD. IC50 Value: Target: H3 receptorin vitro: Bavisant completed a phase II ADHD trial, but no results have been reported [1].in vivo: Mean change from baseline in the total ADHD-RS-IV score at day 42 (primary efficacy endpoint) was -8.8 in the placebo group versus -9.3, -11.2 and -12.2 in the bavisant 1?mg/day, 3?mg/day and 10?mg/day groups, respectively; the change in the 10?mg/day group was not statistically superior to placebo (p=0.161), and hence statistical comparisons of the 1?mg/day and 3?mg/day groups with placebo based on a step-down closed testing procedure were not performed [2].Clinical trial: A Study to Characterize the Pharmacokinetics and Effect of Food on JNJ-31001074 in Healthy Volunteers. Phase 2
Rocastine is a selective, nonsedating H1 antagonist, acting as an antihistamine.