Sodium thiocyanate reduces plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Sodium thiocyanate also significantly reduces of ROS formation[1].
3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine-13C6 is the 13C labeled 3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine[1]. 3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine (3,3'-T2) is an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormone. 3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine significantly enhances COX activity[2][3].
Imiquimod hydrochloride is an immune response modifier that acts as a toll-like receptor 7agonist.
CAY10621 (SKI 5C; compound 5c) is a specific sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.3 μM. CAY10621 is low toxic toward cells. CAY10621 has the potential for resistant cancer tumors research[1].
(Rac)-γ-Tocopherol (DMPBQ) is a Vitamin E isoform, which is converted by tocopherol cyclase to γ-Tcopherol[1].
Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro), isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas alcaligenes cell-free culture supernatants is an antifungal cyclic dipeptide[1]. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) inhibits IFN-β production by interfering with retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) activation[2]. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) exhibits free-radical scavenging activity with the IC50 of 24 µM in the DPPH assay[3].
Agatolimod sodium (ODN 7909) is a class B CpG ODN and is a TLR9 agonist. Agatolimod sodium can be used as vaccine adjuvant. Agatolimod sodium can be used for the research of cancer. Sequence: 5’-TCGTCGTTTTGTCGTTTTGTCGTT-3’[1][2].
N-((Allyloxy)carbonyl)-N-methyl-L-alanine is a Alanine derivative. N-((Allyloxy)carbonyl)-N-methyl-L-alanine can be used for the synthesis of inhibitors of complement factor D. Complement factor D inhibitors can be used in the research of immune system related disease[1].
CCR2 antagonist 5 is a selective, orally active hCCR2 inhibitor with good binding affinity (IC50=37 nM) and potent functional antagonism (chemotaxis IC50=30 nM). CCR2 antagonist 5 displays a Ki of 9.6 µM for mCCR2 binding. CCR2 antagonist 5 can be used in the research of inflammatory disease[1].
Hirsutanonol ((5S)-Hirsutanonol) is a diarylheptanoid that can be isolated from the bark of Alnus hirsute var. sibirica. Hirsutanonol inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Hirsutanonol has anti-filarial with an IC50 value of 44.11 μg/mL for microfilariae[1].
L6H21, a derivative of chalcone, is an orally active and potent MD-2 (myeloid differentiation factor 2) inhibitor. L6H21 inhibits TLR4-NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. L6H21 inhibits EtOH + LPS-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in RAW264.7 cells. L6H21 effectively inhibits EtOH + LPS-induced hepatic fat accumulation and liver injury. L6H21 shows neuroprotective effect in a model of prediabetes[1][2].
Tesidolumab (LFG316) is a fully-human IgG1/λ anti-C5 monoclonal antibody of 143 kDa (without glycosylation). Tesidolumab (LFG316) blocks cleavage of C5 and prevents subsequent formation of the membrane attack complex[1].
Mipeginterferon alfa-2b is an interferon alpha-2b (IFNA2b) analogue, with an average number of 5 substituted among 11 amino groups (one N-terminal and 10 lysine N6). Mipeginterferon alfa-2b has the relative molecular mass of 40 kDa[1].
L-Arginine is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.Target: OthersArginine is an α-amino acid. It was first isolated in 1886. The L-form is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids. At the level of molecular genetics, in the structure of the messenger ribonucleic acid mRNA, CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG, are the triplets of nucleotide bases or codons that code for arginine during protein synthesis. In mammals, arginine is classified as a semiessential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on the developmental stage and health status of the individual.L-Arginine is associated with a decrease in cardiac index while stroke index is maintained in patients with severe sepsis. Resolution of shock at 72 hours is achieved by 40% and 24% of the patients in the L-Arginine and placebo cohorts, respectively. L-Arginine (450 mg/kg during a 15-minute period) amplifies and sustains the hyperemia (38%) and increases absolute brain blood flow after eNOS upregulation by chronic simvastatin treatment (2 mg/kg subcutaneously, daily for 14 days) in SV-129 mice.
Propiomazine is an orally active antihistamine agent with sedative effects. Propiomazine can be used in the research of insomnia[1][2].
MD2-TLR4-IN-1 (compound 22m) is an inhibitor of myeloid differentiation protein 2/toll-like receptor 4 (MD2-TLR4) complex, inhibiting lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in macrophages with IC50 values of 0.89 μM and 0.53 μM, respectively[1].
Indolokine A4, a catabolite of indole-3-pyruvate (I3P), is a potent AhR agonist[1].
Pegcetacoplan is a pegylated complement C3 inhibitor peptide. Pegcetacoplan acts effect by binding with complement component 3 (C3) and its activation fragment C3b. Pegcetacoplan can be used for the research of complement-mediated diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, C3 glomerulopathy, Geographic atrophy (GA) and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia[1][2].
LSD1-IN-24(compound 3S) is a selective LSD1 inhibitor with IC50 = 0.247 μM. LSD1-IN-24 can mediate the expression of PD-L1, enhance T cell killing response, and can be used in cancer research[1].
TAK-676 is an agonist of STING, triggering the activation of STING signaling pathway and type I interferons. TAK-676 is also a modulator of immune system, resulting complete regressions and durable memory T-cell immunity. TAK-676 promotes durable IFN-dependent antitumor immunity[1].
Agmatine sulfate exerts modulatory action at multiple molecular targets, such as neurotransmitter systems, ion channels and nitric oxide synthesis. It is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptor and a NO synthase inhibitor.
Chloroquine D5 is deuterium labeled Chloroquine. Chloroquine is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM)[1][2][3][4].
Vedaprofen (Quadrisol) is a COX-1 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for serum TxB2 and exudate PGE2 inhibition [1]. Vedaprofen is a Escherichia coli (E. coli) sliding clamp (SC) inhibitor with the IC50 of 222 μM[2].
Pirolate is a histamine H1 receptor.
3-O-Acetyl-16α-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid, an anti-inflammatory triterpenoid, inhibits NO production and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells[1].
4′-Hydroxywogonin (8-Methoxyapigenin), a flavonoid, could be isolated from a variety of plants including Scutellaria barbata and Verbena littoralis. 4′-Hydroxywogonin has anti-inflammatory activity via TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, MAPKs and PI3/AKT signaling pathways. 4′-Hydroxywogonin inhibits angiogenesis by disrupting PI3K/AKT signaling. 4′-Hydroxywogonin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis[1][2][3].
β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia papyrifera. β-Elemonic acid induces cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression and inhibits prolyl endopeptidase. β-Elemonic acid exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects[1][2].
Melredableukin alfa (RO-7049665) is a fusion protein that consists of a human IgG1-κ fused to a mutated human interleukin 2 (IL2 mutein) via a peptide linker. Melredableukin alfa can be used for the research of autoimmune hepatitis and ulcerative colitis[1].
Imetit dihydrobromide (VUF 8325 dihydrobromide) is a high affinity and potent agonist of histamine H3 and H4 receptors, with Ki values of 0.3 and 2.7 nM, respectively. Imetit mimics histamine effect in triggering a shape change in eosinophils (EC50=25 nM)[1][2][3].
INF4E is a potent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. INF4E inhibits caspase-1 and NLRP3 ATPase activities. INF4E shows protection against the IR-induced myocardial injury and dysfunction[1][2].