Fenbufen-d9 (CL-82204-d9) is the deuterium labeled Fenbufen. Fenbufen (CL-82204) is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with analgetic and antipyretic effects. Fenbufen has potent activity in a variety of animal model, including carageenin edema, UV erythema and adjuvant arthritis. Fenbufen has inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 3.9 μM and 8.1 μM, respectively. Fenbufen is a caspases (caspase-1, 3, 4, 5, 9) inhibitor[1][2][3][4][5].
Inflexuside A, an abietane diterpenoid, can be isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon inflexus. Inflexuside B strongly inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated NO production (NO Synthase) in RAW264.7 macrophages[1].
CXCR4 antagonist 5 (compound 23) is a highly potent CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 value of 8.8 nM. CXCR4 antagonist 5 can inhibit CXCL12-induced cytosolic calcium increase (IC50 = 0.02 nM) and inhibits CXCR4/CXLC12-mediated chemotaxis. CXCR4 antagonist 5 has good physicochemical properties and in vitro safety profiles, inhibiting CYP isozymes and hERG marginally or moderately[1].
IRAK4-IN-1 is an interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) inhibitor with an IC50 of 7 nM.
PD-1/PD-L1-IN-22 (Example 2) is a small-molecule inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 protein-protein interaction. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-22 blocks PD-1/PD-L1 with the IC50 of 0.732 μM. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-22 can be used for the research of cancers, infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases[1].
β-Naphthoflavone is a non-carcinogenic AhR agonist as a positive control for the induction of AhR transcriptional activity[1]. β-Naphthoflavone inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis[2].
Tilsotolimod (sodium) is a synthetic Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist that has demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical models.
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid potassium (Poly(I:C) potassium) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and an agonist of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, and to alter the tumor microenvironment. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid potassium can directly trigger cancer cells to undergoApoptosis[1][2][3].
AZ10397767 is a potent, selective CXCR2 inhibitor that inhibits CXCL8 binding to CXCR2 with pIC50 of 9.0; weakly inhibits CXCL8 binding to CXCR1 with pIC50<7, and no affinity for CCR2 and CCR5; significantly attenuates IL-8-induced c-FLIP mRNA up-regulation whereas inhibition of AR- and/or NF-kappaB-mediated transcription attenuated IL-8-induced c-FLIP expression in LNCaP and PC3 cells, respectively; attenuates oxaliplatin-induced NF-kappaB activation, increases oxaliplatin cytotoxicity, and potentiates oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in AIPC cells.
Mepolizumab (SB 240563) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to and neutralizes interleukin-5 (IL-5), the major cytokine involved in eosinophil proliferation, activation, and survival. Mepolizumab can be used for the research of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and severe eosinophilic asthma[1][2].
IRAK-1-4 Inhibitor I is an inhibitor of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1/4 (IRAK 1/4) with IC50s of 0.2 μM and 0.3 μM, respectively.
LY2510924 is a potent and selective CXCR4 antagonist; blocks SDF-1 binding to CXCR4 with an IC50 of 0.079 nM.
Desethyl chloroquine is a major desethyl metabolite of Chloroquine. Chloroquine diphosphate is an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Desethyl chloroquine possesses antiplasmodic activity[1][2].
Desethyl chloroquine diphosphate is a major desethyl metabolite of Chloroquine. Chloroquine diphosphate is an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Desethyl chloroquine diphosphate possesses antiplasmodic activity[1][2].
TC14012, a serum-stable derivative of T140, is a selective and peptidomimetic inverse CXCR4 agonist with an IC50 of 19.3 nM. TC14012 is a potent CXCR7 agonist an EC50 of 350 nM for recruiting β-arrestin 2 to CXCR7. TC14012 has anti-HIV activity and anti-cancer activity[1][2].
Cendakimab (RPC4046; ABT 308; CC-93538) is a selective, humanized, recombinant monoclonal antibody against the IL-13 molecule. Cendakimab has a high affinity and potency for both human wild-type and variant IL-13 and blocks binding of IL-13 to both IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2 with IC50s of 352 pM and 631 pM by ELISA, respectively. Cendakimab recognizes both wild-type human IL-13 and the common polymorphic variant R110Q, with binding affinities of 52 and 50 pM, respectively. Cendakimab has the potential for IL-13-related allergic/inflammatory diseases (e.g., asthma and eosinophilic esophagitis)[1].
CTX-471 is a fully human monoclonal antibody of CD137. CTX-471 has bind affinity for recombinant human, cynomolgus macaque CD137 and mouse CD137 with Kd values of 50 nM, 61 nM and 748 nM, respectively. CTX-471 can be used for the research of immunomodulation and cancer[1].
H4R antagonist 3 (Example 18) is a histamine-4 receptor antagonist with an EC50 of ＜10 mM. H4R antagonist 3 can be used for the research of prevention of inflammatory, autoimmune, allergic, and ocular diseases[1].
APHS is a specific and covalent COX-2 inhibitor with neuroprotective effects. COX-2 is a prostaglandin (PG) synthetase overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has pleiotropic cancer-promoting effects. APHS modifies COX-2 by acetylating the active site (serine 516), thereby inhibiting prostaglandin production. The neuroprotective activity of APHS is inhibited by prostaglandin E2. APHS also co-inhibits the WNT pathway, an anti-tumor mechanism in addition to COX-2 inhibition[1][2].
IFN alpha-IFNAR-IN-1 is a nonpeptidic, low-molecular-weight inhibitor of the interaction between IFN-α and IFNAR; inhibit MVA-induced IFN-α responses by BM-pDCs (IC50=2-8 uM).IC50 value:Target: IFN alpha-IFNAR interaction inhibitorIFN alpha-IFNAR-IN-1 specifically inhibits MVA-induced IFN-α responses by BM-pDCs. IFN alpha-IFNAR-IN-1 inhibited the IFN-α responses that were elicited after treatment with CpG2216, stimulation with poly(I:C), and infection with VSV-M2, whereas the total IL-12 production was notably less affected under those conditions. IFN alpha-IFNAR-IN-1 exerts immunosuppressive activity by the direct interaction with IFN-α [1].
DL-Norvaline, a derivative of L-norvaline, L-norvaline is a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase.
Azatadine dimaleate is an histamine and cholinergic inhibitor with IC50 of 6.5 nM and 10 nM, respectively.Target: Histamine ReceptorAzatadine, a new antihistamine, was evaluated for its efficacy in 20 patients with chronic allergic rhinitis. Eighty percent of patients had symptomatic relief with a twice daily dosage of 2 mg. Sedation was volunteered as a side effect by six of the patients and was admitted by two further patients after specific questioning. A choice reaction time test gave slowing of motor function in these sedated patients. Four of the previously sedated patients experienced good symptomatic control with minimal sedation when the azatadine dose was reduced to 1 mg twice daily; slowing of motor function was not observed at this, the normal recommended dose.Azatadine delays the onset of dyspnea-induced by aerosolized histamine, acetylcholine and serotonin in the conscious guinea-pig with PD50 of 0.01 mg/kg, 0.739 mg/kg and 0.86 mg/kg. Azatadine protects conscious guinea-pigs against death induced by the intravenous injection of histamine with oral PD50 of 0.009 mg/kg in guinea-pig and 0.22 mg/kg in mice.
Dexchlorpheniramine maleate is an antihistamine, with anticholinergic properties, used to treat allergic conditions.
SB-649701 is a potent human CCR8 antagonist, with a pIC50 of 7.7. AZ084 can be used for the research of asthma[1].
3,9-Dihydroeucomin (compound 12) is a natural homoisoflavonoid compound with less COX-2 inhibitory activitys[1].
Clerodendrin is a nature product could be isolated from Lobelia chinensis. Clerodendrin is a potent dual Interleukin-4 (IL-4) inhibitor and β-hexosaminidase (Hex) inhibitor[1].
4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone exhibits COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity[1].
Anti-inflammatory agent 21 (compound 9o) is an orally active and low cytotoxic anti-inflammatory agent, with an IC50 value of 0.76 μM for NO. Anti-inflammatory agent 21 acts via accumulation ROS and blocks the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Anti-inflammatory agent 21 can ameliorate cartilage destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration in arthritis rats model[1].
HG-9-91-01 is a potent and highly selective salt-inducible kinase (SIKs) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.92 nM, 6.6 nM and 9.6 nM for SIK1, SIK2 and SIK3 respectively.
AXC-715 hydrochloride is a TLR7/TLR8 dual agonist, extracted from patent WO2020168017 A1[1]. AXC-715, compound D from WO2020190734A1, can be used for synthesis of antibody-adjuvant immunoconjugates, comprising an antibody construct that binds programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) linked to one or more adjuvants[2].