Medroxyprogesterone acetate is a progestin, a synthetic variant of the human hormone progesterone and a potent progesterone receptor agonist.Target: Progesterone ReceptorMedroxyprogesterone acetate(MPA) is a steroidal progestin, a synthetic variant of the human hormone progesterone. It is used as a contraceptive, in hormone replacement therapy and for the treatment of endometriosis as well as several other indications. MPA is a more potent derivative of its parent compound medroxyprogesterone (MP). While medroxyprogesterone is sometimes used as a synonym for medroxyprogesterone acetate, what is normally being administered is MPA and not MP [1, 2].
Contulakin G is an O-glycosylated invertebrate neurotensin. Contulakin-G is a weaker agonist for the neurotensin receptor. Contulakin G is also a potent antinociceptive agent[1][2].
YL0919, a novel antidepressant candidate with dual activity as a 5-HT1A receptor agonist and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor,the IC50 values of YL-0919 inhibiting the uptake of 5-HT into rat cerebral cortical synaptosomes and human recombinant cells were 1.78±0.34 nM and 1.93±0.18 nM respectively.target: 5-HT1A receptorIC50:1.78±0.34 nM(rat cerebral cortical synaptosomes)IC50:1.93±0.18 nM(human recombinant cells)[1]"In vivo: WAY-100635 completely antagonized the antidepressant-like activity of YL-0919 in both behavioral models, suggesting that activation of the 5-HT1A receptor is critical in the antidepressant-like effect of YL-0919. The administered dose of WAY-100635 ranged from 0.1–0.3 mg/kg, which reportedly has no effect on locomotor activity and only blocks the activation of 5-HT1A receptor.[2]
Foslevodopa is a dopamine receptor agonist[1].
Vodudeutentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist[1].
BQ-3020 is a selective endothelin receptor (ETB receptor) agonist that displaces [125I] ET-1 binding to ETB receptors, with an IC50 value of 0.2 nM. BQ-3020 elicits vasoconstriction in the rabbit pulmonary artery. BQ-3020 makes relaxation of the pig urinary bladder neck and can be used for cardiovascular disease research12.
RS 127445 is a novel high affinity, selective 5-HT2B receptor antagonist with pKi of 9.5.
Hydroxyzine D8 is deuterium labeled Hydroxyzine. Hydroxyzine is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist[1].
Ajmalicine (Raubasine) is found in herbs of Catharanthus roseus, is an antihypertensive drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure, decreases peripheral resistance and blood pressure[1].Ajmalicine (Raubasine) is an adrenolytic drug which preferentially blocks alpha 1-adrenoceptor than alpha 2-adrenoceptor[2].Ajmalicine (Raubasine) is an reversible non-competitive nicotine receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 72.3 μM[3].Ajmalicine (Raubasine) acts preferentially at postsynaptic sites, competitively antagonizes the effect of noradrenaline on postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor with a pA2 value of 6.57, blocks the inhibitory effect of clonidine with an pA2 value of 6.2[4].
Vazegepant is the first intranasal CGRP receptor antagonist for the study the acute research of migraine[1][2].
Oxidopamine hydrochloride is a neurotoxic synthetic organic compound, selectively destroys dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in the brain.
GSK-269984A is a Prostaglandin E2 Receptor 1 (EP1) antagonist with a pIC50 of 7.9.
Talnetant (SB 223412) is a potent and selective NK3 receptor antagonist (ki=1.4 nM, hNK-3-CHO); 100-fold selective for the hNK-3 versus hNK-2 receptor, with no affinity for the hNK-1 at concentrations up to 100 uM.IC50 Value: 1.4 nM (hNK-3-CHO binding Ki) [1]Target: NK3 receptorin vitro: In vitro studies demonstrated that 53 is a potent functional antagonist of the hNK-3 receptor (reversal of senktide-induced contractions in rabbit isolated iris sphincter muscles and reversal of NKB-induced Ca2+ mobilization in CHO cells stably expressing the hNK-3 receptor), while in vivo this compound showed oral and intravenous activity in NK-3 receptor-driven models (senktide-induced behavioral responses in mice and senktide-induced miosis in rabbits) [1]. Talnetant has high affinity for recombinant human NK3 receptors (pKi 8.7) and demonstrates selectivity over other neurokinin receptors (pKi NK2 = 6.6 and NK1<4). In native tissue-binding studies, talnetant displayed high affinity for the guinea pig NK3 receptor (pKi 8.5) [3].in vivo: Rectal barostat tests were performed on 102 healthy volunteers, randomized to receive either oral talnetant 25 or 100 mg or placebo over 14-17 days [2]. Talnetant (3-30 mg/kg i.p.) significantly attenuated senktide-induced 'wet dog shake' behaviors in the guinea pig in a dose-dependent manner. Microdialysis studies demonstrated that acute administration of talnetant (30 mg/kg i.p.) produced significant increases in extracellular dopamine and norepinephrine in the medial prefrontal cortex and attenuated haloperidol-induced increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine levels in the freely moving guinea pigs [3].Toxicity: Talnetant had no effect on rectal compliance, sensory thresholds or intensity ratings compared with placebo [2].Clinical trial: Study Of Talnetant Versus Placebo And Risperidone In Schizophrenia. Phase 2
SB 204741 is a selective and high affinity 5-HT2B antagonist with a pKi value of 7.1[1].
Temiverine hydrochloride is a synthesized drug that is expected to have anticholinergic action.
ASP-4058 hydrochloride is a next-generation, selective and orally active agonist for Sphingosine 1-Phosphate receptors 1 and 5 (S1P1 and S1P5), ameliorates rodent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with a favorable safety profile[1].
Fenoterol hydrobromide is a β 2 adrenergic agonist designed to open up the airways to the lungs, is classed as sympathomimetic β2 agonist and asthma medication.
AZ10397767 is a potent, selective CXCR2 inhibitor that inhibits CXCL8 binding to CXCR2 with pIC50 of 9.0; weakly inhibits CXCL8 binding to CXCR1 with pIC50<7, and no affinity for CCR2 and CCR5; significantly attenuates IL-8-induced c-FLIP mRNA up-regulation whereas inhibition of AR- and/or NF-kappaB-mediated transcription attenuated IL-8-induced c-FLIP expression in LNCaP and PC3 cells, respectively; attenuates oxaliplatin-induced NF-kappaB activation, increases oxaliplatin cytotoxicity, and potentiates oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in AIPC cells.
8-CPT-2Me-cAMP sodium is a selective activator of exchange proteins activated by cAMP (Epac), the cAMP sensitive guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the small GTPases Rap1 and Rap2. 8-CPT-2Me-cAMP sodium activates Epac1 (EC50 = 2.2 μM), but not PKA (EC50> 10 μM)[1]. 8-CPT-2Me-cAMP sodium stimulates Epac-mediated Ca2+ release in pancreatic β-cells in vitro[2].
Sitaxsentan (IPI 1040; TBC 11251) is a selective endothelin A (ETA) receptor antagonist. Antihypertensive. Sitaxsentan is used in treatment of chronic heart failure.IC50 value:Target: ETA receptor
Terazosin-d8 is deuterium labeled Terazosin. Terazosin is a quinazoline derivative and a competitive and orally active α1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Terazosin works by relaxing blood vessels and the opening of the bladder. Terazosin has the potential for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and high blood pressure treatment[1][2][3].
LY266097 hydrochloride is a selective 5-HT2B receptor antagonist with pKis of 7.7, 9.8, and 7.6 for 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, respectively. 5-HT2B receptor blockade contributes to the research in depression[1].
Ensaculin free base (KA-672) is a NMDA antagonist and have high affinities to serotonergic 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors, adrenergic α1, and dopaminergic D2 and D3 receptors. Ensaculin free base is a memory-enhancing agent. Ensaculin free base has the potential as an antidementia agent acting on various transmitter systems[1].
Rhosin Hcl is a specific Rho inhibitor; binds to WT RhoA with an affinity ~0.4 uM Kd; does not interfere with the binding of Cdc42 or Rac1.IC50 value: 0.4 uM(binding Kd) [1]Target: RhoA inhibitorRhosin is specific to the interaction between RhoA and its GEFs including LARG, DBL, LBC, p115 RhoGEF or PDZ RhoGEF and does not interfere with the binding of Cdc42 or Rac1 to their respective GEFs. Rhosin showed a dose-dependent inhibition of endogenous RhoA activity and cell growth of MCF7 cells. Rhosin dose-dependently reduced RhoA and p-MLC1 activities of MCF7 cell-derived mammospheres with an EC50 ~30-50μM, and caused decreased size and reduced number of mammospheres in MCF7 cells [1]. Y16 works synergistically with Rhosin/G04, a Rho GTPase activation site inhibitor, in inhibiting LARG-RhoA interaction, RhoA activation, and RhoA-mediated signaling functions [2].
Cariprazine hydrochloride is a novel antipsychotic drug candidate that exhibits high affinity for the D3 (Ki=0.085 nM) and D2 (Ki=0.49 nM) receptors, and moderate affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor (Ki=2.6 nM).
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate (Guanosine 5'-[β,γ-imido]triphosphate) trisodium is a non-hydrolysable GTP analogue, an activator of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and a potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase. Imidodiphosphate trisodium can be used in protein synthesis studies[1][2][3].
Azatadine dimaleate is an histamine and cholinergic inhibitor with IC50 of 6.5 nM and 10 nM, respectively.Target: Histamine ReceptorAzatadine, a new antihistamine, was evaluated for its efficacy in 20 patients with chronic allergic rhinitis. Eighty percent of patients had symptomatic relief with a twice daily dosage of 2 mg. Sedation was volunteered as a side effect by six of the patients and was admitted by two further patients after specific questioning. A choice reaction time test gave slowing of motor function in these sedated patients. Four of the previously sedated patients experienced good symptomatic control with minimal sedation when the azatadine dose was reduced to 1 mg twice daily; slowing of motor function was not observed at this, the normal recommended dose.Azatadine delays the onset of dyspnea-induced by aerosolized histamine, acetylcholine and serotonin in the conscious guinea-pig with PD50 of 0.01 mg/kg, 0.739 mg/kg and 0.86 mg/kg. Azatadine protects conscious guinea-pigs against death induced by the intravenous injection of histamine with oral PD50 of 0.009 mg/kg in guinea-pig and 0.22 mg/kg in mice.
Granisetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy.IC50 Value: 17uM (GR reduced 5-HT-evoked contractions) [1]Target: 5-HT3 receptorin vitro: In rat forestomach GR reduced 5-HT-evoked contractions at IC50 17 /- 6 uM. In isolated rabbit heart, GR 0.003-0.03 nM dose-dependently reduced s-HT tachycardia; at high levels GR reduced submaximal and maximal responses to 5-HT [1].in vivo: Leukocyte accumulation was dose-dependently inhibited by granisetron both at 6 and 72 h after induction of inflammation. Granisetron increased PGE(2) level at a lower dose (50 microg/pouch) but higher doses (100 and 200 microg/pouch) inhibited the release. At the same time, TNFalpha production was decreased by the lower dose and increased by higher doses of granisetron in a reciprocal fashion [2]. The GTDS displayed non-inferiority to oral granisetron: complete control was achieved by 60% of patients in the GTDS group, and 65% in the oral granisetron group (treatment difference, -5%; 95% confidence interval, -13-3). Both treatments were well tolerated, the most common adverse event being constipation [3].Clinical trial: Effect of External Heat on a Transdermal Granisetron Patch in Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Healthy Subjects. Phase 1
Hemokinin 1 (mouse) is a selective agonist of neurokinin-1 receptor, with Ki of 0.175 nM and 560 nM for human NK1 receptor and human NK2 receptor, respectively.
p67phox-IN-1 (Formula IIIa Compound) is an inhibitor targeting the interaction between Rac GTPase and p67phox protein[1].