Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome. Autophagy plays a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles. Different selective forms of autophagy have been identified and characterized, leading to the specific degradation of organelles or pathogens. These selective pathways include the autophagic degradation of mitochondria (mitophagy), peroxisomes (pexophagy), endoplasmic reticulum (reticulophagy or ER-phagy), ribosomes (ribophagy), protein aggregates (aggrephagy), lipid droplets (lipophagy), spermatozoon-inherited organelles following fertilization (allophagy), secretory granules within pancreatic cells (zymophagy), or intracellular pathogens (xenophagy).

Autophagy consists of several sequential steps--sequestration, transport to lysosomes, degradation, and utilization of degradation products--and each step may exert different function. Autophagy signal transduction are mainly regulated by autophagy-related genes/proteins, Atgs. ATGs have unveiled much of the machinery of autophagosome formation. Furthermore, different non-ATG proteins are involved in the regulation and process of autophagy, e.g., mTOR, AMPK, AKT, AMBRA1, BCL2, DFCP1, or VPS34.

Autophagy and its dysregulation have been implicated in different human diseases or processes, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, immunity, or aging. Plenty of drugs and natural products are involved in autophagy modulation, either inducing or inhibiting autophagy, through multiple signaling pathways. Small molecules that can regulate autophagy seem to have great potential to modulate the clinical course of neurodegenerative diseases or promote chemotherapeutic response in tumor models. Besides, several clinical drugs and compounds in diabetes are also found to involve regulation of autophagy.

References:
[1] Glick D, et al. J Pathol. 2010 May;221(1):3-12.
[2] Mizushima N. Genes Dev. 2007 Nov 15;21(22):2861-73.
[3] Wesselborg S, et al. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015 Dec;72(24):4721-57.
[4] Zhang XW, et al. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2017 Apr;19(4):314-319.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

PD 146176

PD146176 (NSC168807) is a 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LO) inhibitor, which inhibits rabbit reticulocyte 15-LO with a Ki of 197 nM. PD146176 (NSC168807) has a dramatic effect in reducing atherogenesis[1].

  • CAS Number: 4079-26-9
  • MF: C15H11NS
  • MW: 237.32
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 485.4±24.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 247.4±22.9 °C

Glibenclamide

Glibenclamide(Glyburide) is a sulfonylurea compound that modulates insulin production. IC50 value:Target:Sulfonylureas bind to ATP-dependent K+ channels in beta cells of the pancreas, depolarizing them and stimulating the release of Ca2+, which in turn stimulates insulin production. Glibenclamide, a sulphonylurea oral hypoglycaemic agent is a widely used antagonist of cromakalim-activated K+ channels in smooth muscle. Binding of Gli to SUR produces the closure of KATP channels and the inhibition of their activity. Glibenclamide is widely used for treatment of type 2-diabetes and it has been signaled as antiproliferative in several tumor cell lines.

  • CAS Number: 10238-21-8
  • MF: C23H28ClN3O5S
  • MW: 494.004
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 705.7±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 173-175°C
  • Flash Point: 380.6±35.7 °C

EB-42486

EB-42486 is a novel, potent, and highly selective G2019S-LRRK2 inhibitor (IC50 < 0.2 nM).

  • CAS Number: 2390475-81-5
  • MF: C22H22N8O
  • MW: 414.46
  • Catalog: LRRK2
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Azathramycin

Azathramycin is an antibiotic.

  • CAS Number: 76801-85-9
  • MF: C37H70N2O12
  • MW: 734.958
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 815.2±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 126-136ºC
  • Flash Point: 446.8±34.3 °C

KU55933 (ATM Kinase Inhibitor)

KU-55933 is a potent ATM inhibitor with an IC50 and Ki of 12.9 and 2.2 nM, respectively, and is highly selective for ATM as compared to DNA-PK, PI3K/PI4K, ATR and mTOR.

  • CAS Number: 587871-26-9
  • MF: C21H17NO3S2
  • MW: 395.495
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 628.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 229.98° C
  • Flash Point: 333.6±31.5 °C

LD-ATTEC4

LD-ATTEC4 (compound 4A) is a coupling compound that can bind to LC3, with a Kd of 0.39 μM for LC3B. LD-ATTEC4 can connect autophagosomes with lipid droplets, inducing autophagy to clear lipid droplets[1].

  • CAS Number: 2722678-54-6
  • MF: C47H44N4O5
  • MW: 744.88
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Telaglenastat hydrochloride

Telaglenastat (CB-839) hydrochloride is a first-in-class, selective, reversible and orally active glutaminase 1 (GLS1) inhibitor. Telaglenastat hydrochloride selectively inhibits GLS1 splice variants KGA (kidney-type glutaminase) and GAC (glutaminase C) compared to GLS2. The IC50s are 23 nM and 28 nM for endogenous glutaminase in mouse kidney and brain, respectively. Telaglenastat hydrochloride inudces autophagy and has antitumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1874231-60-3
  • MF: C26H25ClF3N7O3S
  • MW: 608.04
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Idarubicin (hydrochloride)

Idarubicin hydrochloride is an anthracycline antileukemic drug. It inhibits the topoisomerase II interfering with the replication of DNA and RNA transcription.

  • CAS Number: 57852-57-0
  • MF: C26H28ClNO9
  • MW: 533.955
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 725.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 183-185ºC
  • Flash Point: 392.5ºC

Quercetin

Quercetin is a natural flavonoid which activates or inhibits the activities of a number of proteins. Quercetin can activate SIRT1 and inhibit PI3K with IC50s of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM, 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respecti

  • CAS Number: 117-39-5
  • MF: C15H10O7
  • MW: 302.236
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 642.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 314-317°C
  • Flash Point: 248.1±25.0 °C

Vorinostat(SAHA)

Vorinostat is a potent and orally available inhibitor of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 (Class I), HDAC7 (Class II) and HDAC11 (Class IV ), with ID50 values of 10 nM and 20 nM for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 149647-78-9
  • MF: C14H20N2O3
  • MW: 264.320
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 161-162°C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Malvidin-3-O-arabinoside chloride

Malvidin-3-O-arabinoside chloride ameliorates ethyl carbamate-induced oxidative damage by stimulating AMPK-mediated autophagy[1].

  • CAS Number: 28500-04-1
  • MF: C22H23O11.Cl
  • MW: 498.864
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(±)-Felodipine-d5

Felodipine-d5 is deuterium labeled Felodipine. Felodipine, a dihydropyridine, is a potent, vasoselective calcium channel antagonist. Felodipine lowers blood pressure (BP) by selective action on vascular smooth muscle, especially in the resistance vessels. Felodipine, an anti-hypertensive agent, induces autophagy. Felodipine can cross the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1242281-38-4
  • MF: C18H14D5Cl2NO4
  • MW: 389.28
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 471.5±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 239.0±28.7 °C

Lithocholic Acid-d4

Lithocholic acid-d4 (3α-Hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid-d4) is the deuterium labeled Lithocholic acid, which is a toxic secondary bile acid[1].

  • CAS Number: 83701-16-0
  • MF: C24H36D4O3
  • MW: 380.59700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.085 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 510.992ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 184-186ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 276.926ºC

JH-XII-03-02

JH-XII-03-02 is a potent and selective LRRK2 PROTAC degrader. JH-XII-03-02 can be used for parkinson's Disease (PD)?research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2415900-86-4
  • MF: C43H51N9O10
  • MW: 853.92
  • Catalog: LRRK2
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Acetyl-CoA

Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 72-89-9
  • MF: C23H38N7O17P3S
  • MW: 809.571
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Albuterol sulfate

Salbutamol Hemisulfate is a short-acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonistTarget: β2 Adrenergic ReceptorSalbutamol is a short-acting, selective beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma and COPD. All the effects of R,S-salbutamol on guinea-pig skeletal muscles are due to the activity of the R-enantiomer. Thus there is a common enantiomeric profile for the skeletal muscle and bronchorelaxant activity of the compound [1]. Short-term Salbutamol intake did appear to improve performance during intense submaximal exercise with concomitant increase in substrate availability and utilization, but the exact mechanisms involved need further investigation [2]. Short-term administration of salbutamol increases voluntary muscle strength in man. However, the magnitude and duration of this effect vary between muscle groups. This study implies that the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists may be of therapeutic potential in altering skeletal muscle function in humans [3].

  • CAS Number: 51022-70-9
  • MF: C13H22NO5S0.5
  • MW: 288.14
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 419.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 180 °C
  • Flash Point: 250 °C

Olacaftor

Olacaftor (VX-440, VX440) is a next-generation CFTR corrector, shows the potential to enhance the amount of CFTR protein at the cell’s surface and for treatment of cystic fibrosis. Fibrosis Phase 2 Clinical

  • CAS Number: 1897384-89-2
  • MF: C29H34FN3O4S
  • MW: 539.661
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3-(5,6-dihydrobenzo[b][1]benzazepin-11-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine

Imipramine is an orally active tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressant. Imipramine is a Fascin1 inhibitor with antitumor activities. Imipramine stimulates U-87MG glioma cells autophagy and induces HL-60 cell apoptosis. Imipramine shows neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 50-49-7
  • MF: C19H24N2
  • MW: 280.40700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.041g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 403.1ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 174°C
  • Flash Point: 179.7ºC

3hoi-ba-01

3HOI-BA-01 is a mammalian targeting effective rapamycin activation inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 355428-84-1
  • MF: C19H15NO5
  • MW: 337.331
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Entinostat (MS-275)

Entinostat is an oral and selective class I HDAC inhibitor, with IC50s of 243 nM, 453 nM, and 248 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 209783-80-2
  • MF: C21H20N4O3
  • MW: 376.409
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 566.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 159-160ºC
  • Flash Point: 296.6±30.1 °C

SU 9516

SU9516 is a potent CDK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 22 nM, and also shows inhibitory effects on CDK1 and CDK4, with IC50s of 40, 200 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 377090-84-1
  • MF: C13H11N3O2
  • MW: 241.245
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 601.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 317.6±31.5 °C

Paroxetine-d4 hydrochloride

Paroxetine-d4 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Paroxetine (hydrochloride). Paroxetine hydrochloride is a potent selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, commonly prescribed as an and has GRK2 inhibitory ability with IC50 of 14 μM. Paroxetine hydrochloride can be used for the research of depressive disorder[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 2714485-95-5
  • MF: C19H17D4ClFNO3
  • MW: 369.85
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dienogest

Dienogest(STS-557) is a specific progesterone receptor agonist with potent oral endometrial activity and is used in the treatment of endometriosis. Target: progesterone receptor agonistDienogest is an orally active synthetic progesterone (or progestin). It is available for use as an oral contraceptive in combination with ethinylestradiol. It has antiandrogenic activity and as a result can improve androgenic symptoms. It is a non-ethinylated progestin which is structurally related to testosterone [1]. Complete sperm suppression was observed in rats sacrificed either 60 or 90 days after dienogest (DNG)+ testosterone undecanoate (TU) administration, for two injections at 45-day interval. The neutral α-glucosidase activity in these treated rats remained in the normal range. Germ cell loss due to apoptosis was frequently observed both after 60 or 90 days of combination treatment. Significant decline in serum gonadotropin and testosterone, both serum and intratesticular levels, were observed in the treated rats. Following stoppage of treatment (given at 45-day interval) after two (0 and 45 days) or three injections (0, 45 and 90 days), complete restoration of spermatogenesis was observed by 120 and 165 days, respectively [2].Clinical indications: Adenomyosis; EndometriosisFDA Approved Date: 1995 Toxicity: weight gain; increased blood pressure; breast tenderness and nausea

  • CAS Number: 65928-58-7
  • MF: C20H25NO2
  • MW: 311.418
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 549.0±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 210-214ºC
  • Flash Point: 285.8±30.1 °C

Pirarubicin

Pirarubicin is an anthracycline antibiotics, acts as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, and is a widely used for treatment of various cancers, in particular, solid tumors.

  • CAS Number: 72496-41-4
  • MF: C32H37NO12
  • MW: 627.636
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 834.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 188-192ºC (dec.)
  • Flash Point: 458.6±34.3 °C

Physalin B

Physalin B, one of the major active steroidal constituents of Cape gooseberry, induces cell cycle arrest and triggers apoptosis in breast cancer cells through modulating p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. Physalin B inhibits the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and induces incomplete autophagic response in human colon cancer cells in vitro[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 23133-56-4
  • MF: C28H30O9
  • MW: 510.53200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ATG12-ATG3 inhibitor 1

ATG12-ATG3 inhibitor 1 (compound 189) is a potent inhibitor of autophage[1].

  • CAS Number: 333351-38-5
  • MF: C18H17NO3S
  • MW: 327.40
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

UNC 2400

UNC2400 is a close analog of UNC1999 with >1,000-fold lower potency than UNC1999 as a negative control for cell-based studies[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1433200-49-7
  • MF: C35H47N7O2
  • MW: 597.793
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 798.3±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 436.6±32.9 °C

Fenretinide

Fenretinide is a synthetic retinoid deriverative, binding to the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) at concentrations necessary to induce cell death.

  • CAS Number: 65646-68-6
  • MF: C26H33NO2
  • MW: 391.546
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 597.6±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 162-163°C
  • Flash Point: 315.2±27.9 °C

LD-ATTEC2

LD-ATTEC2, an intermediate, used for lipid metabolism-related diseases study[1].

  • CAS Number: 2722678-50-2
  • MF: C49H48N4O5
  • MW: 772.93
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RapaLink-1

RapaLink-1, the third-generation bivalent mTOR inhibitor, combines Rapamycin with MLN0128 (a second-generation mTOR kinase inhibitor) by an inert chemical linker. RapaLink-1 shows better efficacy than Rapamycin or mTOR kinase inhibitors (TORKi), potently blocking cancer-derived, activating mutants of mTOR. RapaLink-1 can cross the blood-brain barrier. RapaLink-1 binding to FKBP12 results in targeted and durable inhibition of mTORC1. Anticancer activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1887095-82-0
  • MF: C91H138N12O24
  • MW: 1798.162
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A