Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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cpm-1285

cpm-1285 induces apoptosis by functionally blocking intracellular Bcl-2 and related death antagonists. cpm-1285 shows strong binding potency to Bcl-2 with an IC50 value of 130 nM. cpm-1285 reduces tumor burden in mice[1].

  • CAS Number: 300349-97-7
  • MF: C153H240N44O42S
  • MW: 3399.88
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lappaol F

Lappaol F, a lignin, is an anticancer agent. Lappaol F inhibits YAP<、b> mRNA and protein level. Lappaol F inhibits tumor cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest. Lappaol F induces cancer cell apoptosis, and inhibits tumor growth. Lappaol F can be isolated from Arctium lappa Linne (Asteraceae)[1].

  • CAS Number: 69394-17-8
  • MF: C40H42O12
  • MW: 714.75
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

S29434

S29434 (NMDPEF) is a potent, competitive, selective and cell-permeable inhibitor of quinone reductase 2 (QR2), with IC50s ranging from 5 to 16 nM for human QR2 at different organizational levels, and has good selectivity for QR2 over QR1. S29434 (NMDPEF) induces autophagy and inhibits QR2-mediated ROS production[1].

  • CAS Number: 874484-20-5
  • MF: C21H18N4O3
  • MW: 374.39
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

EGCG-4″-sulfate

EGCG-4″-sulfate is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate sulfate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. EGCG-4″-sulfate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 2708237-76-5
  • MF: C22H18O14S
  • MW: 538.43
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MBM-55

MBM-55 (compound 42g) is a potent NIMA-related kinase 2 (Nek2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 nM. MBM-55 shows a 20-fold or greater selectivity in most kinases with the exception of RSK1 (IC50=5.4 nM) and DYRK1a (IC50=6.5 nM). MBM-55 effectively inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. MBM-55 shows antitumor activities, and no obvious toxicity to mice[1].

  • CAS Number: 2083622-09-5
  • MF: C28H27FN6O2
  • MW: 498.55
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TAI-1

TAI-1, an orally active anticancer agent, is a highly potent first-in-class Hec1 inhibitor, with a GI50 of 13.48 nM in K562 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 1334921-03-7
  • MF: C24H21N3O3S
  • MW: 431.50700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BAY 1892005

BAY 1892005 is a regulator of p53 protein and acts on p53 condensates without causing mutant p53 reactivation[1].

  • CAS Number: 2036352-13-1
  • MF: C11H8ClFN2OS
  • MW: 270.71
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HBX 41108

HBX 41108 is an uncompetitive inhibitor of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) with an IC50 of 424 nM. HBX 41108 inhibits USP7-mediated p53 deubiquitination to stabilize p53 and inhibits cancer cell growth. HBX 41108 induces p53-dependent apoptosis in p53 wild type and null isogenic cancer cell lines[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 924296-39-9
  • MF: C13H3ClN4O
  • MW: 266.64200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.66g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 604.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 319.6ºC

FOXO4-DRI

FOXO4-DRI is a cell-permeable peptide antagonist that blocks the interaction of FOXO4 and p53. FOXO4-DRI is a senolytic peptide that induces apoptosis of senescent cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2460055-10-9
  • MF: C228H388N86O64
  • MW: 5358.06
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ABT-263

Navitoclax (ABT-263) is a potent and oral Bcl-2 family protein inhibitor that binds to multiple anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 and Bcl-w, with a Ki of less than 1 nM.

  • CAS Number: 923564-51-6
  • MF: C47H55ClF3N5O6S3
  • MW: 974.613
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 114-116ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

VEGFR-2-IN-23

VEGFR-2-IN-23 (compound 11b) is a potent and selective VEGFR-2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.34 nM. VEGFR-2-IN-23 shows antitumor activity. VEGFR-2-IN-23 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase[1].

  • CAS Number: 2411174-53-1
  • MF: C22H15N5O2
  • MW: 381.39
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

anti-TNBC agent-1

anti-TNBC agent-1 is a potent anti-triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) agent. anti-TNBC agent-1 exhibits potent activity against different breast cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.20 μM to 0.27 μM. anti-TNBC agent-1 induces apoptosis of SUM-159 cells through mitochondria pathway and causes G1 phase arrest of SUM-159 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2289585-58-4
  • MF: C26H30O7
  • MW: 454.51
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

euphornin

Euphornin is a anticaner agent, that can be isolated from E. helioscopia. Euphornin induces apoptosis via caspase-mediated pathways. Euphornin induces cell cycle arrest by increasing the level of the phospho-CDK1 (Tyr15) protein[1].

  • CAS Number: 80454-47-3
  • MF: C33H44O9
  • MW: 584.70
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(Rac)-Hesperetin-13C,d3

(Rac)-Hesperetin-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. (Rac)-Hesperetin is the racemate of Hesperetin. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK activation.

  • CAS Number: 2750534-85-9
  • MF: C1513CH11D3O6
  • MW: 306.29
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RIPK1-IN-15

RIPK1-IN-15 (Compound 2.5) is a potent inhibitor of RIPK1. RIPK1-IN-15 has the potential for the research neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2755704-34-6
  • MF: C19H19N3O2
  • MW: 321.37
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ranaconitine

Ranaconitine is a diterpene alkaloid isolated from A. leucostomum, with cardiotoxicity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1360-76-5
  • MF: C32H44N2O9
  • MW: 600.70000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.39g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 758.9ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 132-134℃
  • Flash Point: 412.8ºC

3'-Hydroxypterostilbene

3'-Hydroxypterostilbene, a natural pterostilbene analogue, effectively inhibits the growth of human colon cancer cells (IC50s of 9.0, 40.2, and 70.9 µM for COLO 205, HCT-116, and HT-29 cells, respectively) by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K, and p38MAPK pathways and activates the ERK1/2, JNK1/2 MAPK pathways[1].

  • CAS Number: 475231-21-1
  • MF: C16H16O4
  • MW: 272.296
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 469.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 237.8±28.7 °C

Anticancer agent 53

Anticancer agent 53 is a potent anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 53 shows in vitro cytotoxicity. Anticancer agent 53 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in S/G2/M phases. Anticancer agent 53 shows antitumor activity with no apparent toxicity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1926985-18-3
  • MF: C31H25FN4O6S
  • MW: 600.62
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GDP366

GDP366, a dual inhibitor of survivin and Op18, induces cell growth inhibition, cellular senescence and mitotic catastrophe in human cancer cells.

  • CAS Number: 501698-03-9
  • MF: C20H17N5OS
  • MW: 375.45
  • Catalog: Survivin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CG-200745

CG-200745 is a potent HDAC inhibitor, with IC50s of <3 μM for sensitive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. CG-200745 induces the accumulation of p53, promotes p53-dependent transactivation, and enhances the expression of proteins encoded by p53 target genes, MDM2 and p21 (Waf1/Cip1) in human prostate cancer cells[1]. CG-200745 attenuates phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in kidneys and it has a renoprotective effect by suppressing renal fibrosis and inflammation in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model[2].

  • CAS Number: 936221-33-9
  • MF: C24H33N3O4
  • MW: 427.53700
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.148±0.06 g/cm3 (20 °C, 760 mmHg)
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tetramethylcurcumin

Tetramethylcurcumin (FLLL31), derived from curcumin, specifically suppresses the phosphorylation of STAT3 by binding selectively to Janus kinase 2 and the STAT3 Src homology-2 domain. Tetramethylcurcumin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 52328-97-9
  • MF: C25H28O6
  • MW: 424.486
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 594.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 255.1±30.2 °C

ASK1-IN-3

ASK1-IN-3 is a potent and selective ASK1 kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 33.8 nM, as well as inhibits several cell cycle regulating kinases. ASK1-IN-3 has strong HepG2 cancer cells apoptosis induction and potent cell cycle arrest activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 2426705-19-1
  • MF: C18H18N8O2
  • MW: 378.39
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Xanthurenic acid-d4

Xanthurenic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Xanthurenic acid[1]. Xanthurenic acid is a putative endogenous Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, on sensory transmission in the thalamus[2].

  • CAS Number: 1329611-28-0
  • MF: C10H3D4NO4
  • MW: 209.191
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 514.4±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 264.9±30.1 °C

Nemorosone

Nemorosone is the main component of the floral resin of Clusia rosea. Nemorosone has an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells. Nemorosone induces apoptosis in HT-29 and LoVo cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 351416-47-2
  • MF: C33H42O4
  • MW: 502.684
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 608.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 336.1±28.0 °C

4'-Bromo-resveratrol

4'-Bromo-resveratrol is a potent and dual inhibitor Sirtuin-1 and Sirtuin-3. 4'-Bromo-resveratrol inhibits melanoma cell growth through mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. 4'-Bromo-resveratrol imparts antiproliferative effects in melanoma cells through a metabolic reprogramming and affecting the cell cycle and apoptosis signaling[1].

  • CAS Number: 1224713-90-9
  • MF: C14H11BrO2
  • MW: 291.14000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

abacavir sulfate

Abacavir hydrochloride is a competitive, orally active nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Abacavir hydrochloride can inhibits the replication of HIV. Abacavir hydrochloride shows anticancer activity in prostate cancer cell lines. Abacavir hydrochloride can trespass the blood-brain-barrier and suppresses telomerase activity[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 136777-48-5
  • MF: C28H38N12O6S
  • MW: 670.74300
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

W1131

W1131 is a potent STAT3 inhibitor, triggering ferroptosis. W1131 suppresses cancer progression in gastric cancer cell subcutaneous xenograft model, organoids model, and PDX model. W1131 effectively alleviates chemical resistance of cancer cells to 5-FU (HY-90006). W1131 regulates cell cycle, DNA damage response, and oxidative phosphorylation, including IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathway and ferroptosis pathway[1].

  • CAS Number: 2740522-79-4
  • MF: C23H19N5O4
  • MW: 429.43
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Metoprolol fumarate

Metoprolol fumarate (CGP 2175C) is an orally active, selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Metoprolol fumarate shows anti-inflammation, antitumor and anti-angiogenic properties[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 80274-67-5
  • MF: C19H29NO7
  • MW: 383.436
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CDK1/2/4-IN-1

CDK1/2/4-IN-1 (compound 3a) is a potent CDK inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.47, 0.78 and 0.87 μM for CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4, respectively. CDK1/2/4-IN-1 arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase and induces apoptosis. CDK1/2/4-IN-1 elevates Bax, caspase-3, P53 levels and decreases Bcl-2 level. CDK1/2/4-IN-1 can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2414633-49-9
  • MF: C15H16N2O2S
  • MW: 288.36
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

INUVISCOLIDE

Inuviscolide is an apoptosis inducer. Inuviscolide can induce of G2/M arrest in human melanoma cell lines. Inuviscolide exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 63109-30-8
  • MF: C15H20O3
  • MW: 248.31700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A