Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


Anti-infection >
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CCT373566

CCT373566 is a potent and orally active degrader of transcriptional repressor BCL6, with an IC50 of 2.2 nM. CCT373566 shows strong antiproliferative efficacy in vitro and reduction in tumor growth in vivo[1].

  • CAS Number: 2378853-66-6
  • MF: C26H29ClF2N6O3
  • MW: 547.00
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(R)-CR8

(R)-CR8 trihydrochloride (CR8 trihydrochloride), a second-generation analog of Roscovitine, is a potent CDK1/2/5/7/9 inhibitor. (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride inhibits CDK1/cyclin B (IC50=0.09 μM), CDK2/cyclin A (0.072 μM), CDK2/cyclin E (0.041 μM), CDK5/p25 (0.11 μM), CDK7/cyclin H (1.1 μM), CDK9/cyclin T (0.18 μM) and CK1δ/ε (0.4 μM). (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride induces apoptosis and has neuroprotective effect[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1786438-30-9
  • MF: C24H32Cl3N7O
  • MW: 540.92
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bendamustine-d8

Bendamustine-d8 is the deuterium labeled Bendamustine[1]. Bendamustine (SDX-105 free base), a purine analogue, is a DNA cross-linking agent. Bendamustine activates DNA-damage stress response and apoptosis. Bendamustine has potent alkylating, anticancer and antimetabolite properties[2].

  • CAS Number: 1134803-33-0
  • MF: C16H13D8Cl2N3O2
  • MW: 366.312
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 585.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 307.7±30.1 °C

Oleic acid-13C-1

Oleic acid-13C-1 is the 13C labeled Oleic acid. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].

  • CAS Number: 2483735-58-4
  • MF: C1713CH34O2
  • MW: 283.45
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

n-Octyl caffeate

n-Octyl caffeate shows anti-cancer and apoptosis inducing activity in highly liver-metastatic murine colon 26-L5 carcinoma cell lines[1].

  • CAS Number: 478392-41-5
  • MF: C17H24O4
  • MW: 292.37
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MAZ51

MAZ51 is a selective inhibitor of VEGFR-3 (Flt-4) tyrosine kinase. MAZ51 inhibits VEGF-C-induced activation of VEGFR-3 without blocking VEGF-C-mediated stimulation of VEGFR2. MAZ51 had no effect on ligand-induced autophosphorylation of EGFR, IGF-1R and PDGFRβ. MAZ51 blocks proliferation and induces apoptosis in a wide variety of tumor cells. Antitumor activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 163655-37-6
  • MF: C21H18N2O
  • MW: 314.380
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 553.9±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 288.8±30.1 °C

Garcinone E

Garcinone E is a natural xanthone found in the rind of the mangosteen fruit. Garcinone E induces apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell migration. Garcinone E has anticancer effects on different human cancer cell lines, including colorectal, breast, and hepatocellular carcinomas[1].

  • CAS Number: 112649-21-5
  • MF: C28H32O6
  • MW: 464.55000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.240±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: 694.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Olanzapine D3

Olanzapine D3 (LY170053 D3) is the deuterium labeled Olanzapine. Olanzapine is 5-HT2 and D1/D2 antagonist. Olanzapine is an antipsychotic agent with anticholinergic properties[1]. Olanzapine induces autophagy, mitochondrial damage and mitophagy in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line[2].

  • CAS Number: 786686-79-1
  • MF: C17H17D3N4S
  • MW: 315.45100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.337g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 476.035ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 188-190ºC
  • Flash Point: 241.697ºC

ecdysone

Ecdysone (α-Ecdysone), a major steroid hormone in insects and herbs, triggers mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation and induces cellular apoptosis. Ecdysone plays essential roles in coordinating developmental transitions and homeostatic sleep regulation through its active metabolite 20-hydroxyecdysone (Crustecdysone; 20E; HY-N6979)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 3604-87-3
  • MF: C27H44O6
  • MW: 464.63500
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.22g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 632ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 242°C
  • Flash Point: 350ºC

NVP-CGM097 sulfate

NVP-CGM097 sulfate is a potent and selective MDM2 inhibitor with IC50 of 1.7±0.1 nM for hMDM2.

  • CAS Number: 1313367-56-4
  • MF: C38H49ClN4O8S
  • MW: 757.34
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mensacarcin

Mensacarcin, a highly complex polyketide, strongly inhibits cell growth universally in cancer cell lines and potently induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Mensacarcin targets to mitochondria, affects energy metabolism in mitochondria, and activates caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways. Mensacarcin, an antibiotic, can be used as a cytotoxic component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 808750-39-2
  • MF: C21H24O9
  • MW: 420.410
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 656.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 232.9±25.0 °C

PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-1

PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-1 is a MDM2 degrader based on PROTAC technology. PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-1 composes of a potent MDM2 inhibitor, linker, and the MDM2 ligand for E3 ubiquitin ligase[1].

  • CAS Number: 2249944-98-5
  • MF: C74H84Cl4N10O13
  • MW: 1463.33
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tauro-β-muricholic acid

Tauro-β-muricholic acid (TβMCA) is a trihydroxylated bile acid. Tauro-β-muricholic acid is a competitive and reversible FXR antagonist (IC50 = 40 μM). Tauro-β-muricholic acid has antiapoptotic effect. Tauro-β-muricholic acid inhibits bile acid-induced hepatocellular apoptosis by maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 25696-60-0
  • MF: C26H45NO7S
  • MW: 515.70300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Yakuchinone A

Yakuchinone A is a natural product isolated from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla, which can induce apoptosis and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 78954-23-1
  • MF: C20H24O3
  • MW: 312.40
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.095g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 495.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 174.3ºC

Topoisomerase IIα-IN-3

Topoisomerase IIα-IN-3 (Compound 12c) is a DNA intercalative topoisomerase-IIα inhibitor. Topoisomerase IIα-IN-3 arrests cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2538528-11-7
  • MF: C29H20N6O2S
  • MW: 516.57
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DC_AC50

DC_AC50 is a dual inhibitor of Atox1 and CCS (copper chaperones). Inhibiting intracellular copper chaperones as a means of reducing/preventing acquired chemotherapy resistance[1].

  • CAS Number: 497061-48-0
  • MF: C17H12BrF2N3OS
  • MW: 424.26200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pomalidomide-d4

Pomalidomide-d4 is the deuterium labeled Pomalidomide. Pomalidomide, the third-generation immunomodulatory agent, acts as molecular glue. Pomalidomide interacts with the E3 ligase cereblon and induces degradation of essential Ikaros transcription factors<

  • CAS Number: 1416575-78-4
  • MF: C13H7D4N3O4
  • MW: 277.27
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PDPOB

PDPOB is a phenyl carboxylic acid derivative. PDPOB displays protective roles against OGD/R-evoked multiaspect neuronal deterioration in SH-SY5Y cells, as evidenced by alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. PDPOB has the potential for the research of cerebral ischemia[1].

  • CAS Number: 2351900-45-1
  • MF: C15H20O5
  • MW: 280.32
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Anticancer agent 50

Anticancer agent 50 (compound 6) is a potent ABCB1 efflux pump modulator. Anticancer agent 50 shows cytotoxic effects and antiproliferative effects. Anticancer agent 50 decreases the expression of cyclin D1 and induces p53 expression. Anticancer agent 50 has the potential for the research of T-lymphoma[1].

  • CAS Number: 2487457-15-6
  • MF: C30H32N2O4Se
  • MW: 563.55
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Manumycin A

Manumycin A is an antibiotic. Manumycin A acts as a selective, competitive inhibitor of protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) with respect to farnesylpyrophosphate (Ki =1.2 μM), and as a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to the Ras protein. Manumycin A induces apoptosis and exerts antitumor activity[1] [2][3].

  • CAS Number: 52665-74-4
  • MF: C31H38N2O7
  • MW: 550.643
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 863.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 476.1±34.3 °C

EGFR-IN-52

EGFR-IN-52 (Compound 4) is a potent EGFR inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.358, 86.02 and 432.67 µM against EGFR, EGFR L858R-TK and EGFR T790M-TK, respectively. EGFR-IN-52 shows cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 454436-75-0
  • MF: C19H18N4O3S
  • MW: 382.44
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate

Erucin (ERU) is an isothiocyanate particularly abundant in arugula. Erucin shows anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 4430-36-8
  • MF: C6H11NS2
  • MW: 161.29
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 250.6±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 52 °C
  • Flash Point: 105.4±22.6 °C

4-Bromo-antibiotic

4-Bromo A23187 is a halogenated analog of the highly selective calcium ionophore A-23187. 4-Bromo A23187,a calcium modulator, induces apoptosis in different cells, including HL-60 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 76455-48-6
  • MF: C29H36BrN3O6
  • MW: 602.51700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.43g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 735.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 398.5ºC

PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6

PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6 (compound 32a) is a potent small-molecule BRD4 degrader with IC50 value of 2.7 nM for BRD4 BD1. PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6 potently degrades BRD4 protein and inhibits the expression of c-Myc. PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6 inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 and induces apoptosis. PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6 can be used for human pancreatic cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2410947-56-5
  • MF: C43H40F2N10O10S
  • MW: 926.90
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Broussochalcone A

Broussochalcone A is an antioxidant and an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase (IC50=2.21 μM), with free radical scavenging activity. Broussochalcone A inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated macrophages. Broussochalcone A also induces Apoptosis of human renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels and activating FOXO3 signaling pathways[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 99217-68-2
  • MF: C20H20O5
  • MW: 340.37000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.312g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 595ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 327.7ºC

S2116

S2116, a N-alkylated tranylcypromine (TCP) derivative, is a potent lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor. S2116 increases H3K9 methylation and reciprocal H3K27 deacetylation at super-enhancer regions. S2116 induces apoptosis in TCP-resistant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells by repressing transcription of the NOTCH3 and TAL1 genes. S2116 significantly retardes the growth of T-ALL cells in xenotransplanted mice[1].

  • CAS Number: 2262489-89-2
  • MF: C22H26ClF2N3O2
  • MW: 437.91
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TD52

TD52, an Erlotinib (HY-50896) derivative, is an orally active, potent cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) inhibitor. TD52 mediates the apoptotic effect in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells via regulating the CIP2A/PP2A/p-Akt signalling pathway. TD52 indirectly reduced CIP2A by disturbing Elk1 binding to the CIP2A promoter. TD52 has less p-EGFR inhibition and has potent anti-cancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1798328-24-1
  • MF: C24H16N4
  • MW: 360.41
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

EGFR-IN-88

EGFR-IN-88 (Compound 4i) is an EGFR inhibitor (IC50: 87 nM). EGFR-IN-88 shows cytotoxicity against A549 cell with an IC50? of 3.902? μM. EGFR-IN-88 can induce cell apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2944452-34-8
  • MF: C22H18Cl2N4O2S
  • MW: 473.37
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

IRES-C11

A novel, spectfic c-Myc IRES (internal ribosome entry site) function inhibitor that prevents binding of hnRNP A1 to the Myc IRES and specifically inhibits Myc IRES activity in MM cells; shows no effect on BAG-1, XIAP and p53 IRESes, and has no significant effect on myc translation; significantly inhibits myc expression when combined with ER stress inducers, especially bortezomib; shows synergistic anti-MM cytotoxicity combined with ER stress inducers; also blocks cyclin D1 IRES-dependent initiation and demonstrates synergistic anti-GBM properties combined with PP242.

  • CAS Number: 342416-30-2
  • MF: C13H11Cl2NO4
  • MW: 316.137
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 415.8±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 205.3±28.7 °C

Capecitabine-d11

Capecitabine-d11 is the deuterium labeled Capecitabine. Capecitabine is an oral prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite, 5-FU, by thymidine phosphorylase[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1132662-08-8
  • MF: C15H11D11FN3O6
  • MW: 370.418
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A