Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


Anti-infection >
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MIM1

MIM-1 is an inhibitor of myeloid cell factor 1 (Mcl-1).

  • CAS Number: 509102-00-5
  • MF: C17H21N3O3S
  • MW: 347.43200
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ac-Leu-Glu-His-Asp-AMC trifluoroacetate salt

Ac-LEHD-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for caspase-9 (Excitation: 341 nm; Emission: 441 nm). Caspase-9 can induce hydrolysis of Ac-LEHD-AMC, resulting in the release of AMC fluorophore and its fluorescence can be used to quantify caspase-9 activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 292633-16-0
  • MF: C33H41N7O11
  • MW: 711.719
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1258.1±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 714.6±34.3 °C

Perhexiline

Perhexiline is an orally active CPT1 and CPT2 inhibitor that reduces fatty acid metabolism. Perhexiline induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hepatic cells. Perhexiline can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and shows anti-tumor activity. Perhexiline can be used in the research of cancers, and cardiovascular disease like angina[1][2][5].

  • CAS Number: 6621-47-2
  • MF: C19H35N
  • MW: 277.48800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 340ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 164.5ºC

NSC 207895

NSC-207895 (XI-006), a DNA damaging agent, is an anticancer agent and p53 activator[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 58131-57-0
  • MF: C11H13N5O4
  • MW: 279.252
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 487.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 248.7±31.5 °C

(±)-trans-GK563

GK563 is a selective Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (GVIA iPLA2) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1 nM. GK563 is 22000 times more active against GVIA iPLA2 than GIVA cPLA2. GK563 reduces β-cell apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines, raising the possibility that it can be beneficial in countering autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes[1].

  • CAS Number: 2351820-19-2
  • MF: C16H22O2
  • MW: 246.345
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 364.2±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 152.3±16.7 °C

Z-Val-Ala-Asp-AMC

Z-VAD-AMC is a substrate of caspase-9[1].

  • CAS Number: 219137-91-4
  • MF: C30H34N4O9
  • MW: 594.61200
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Diazepinomicin

Diazepinomicin (TLN-4601) is a secondary metabolite produced by Micromonospora sp. Diazepinomicin (TLN-4601) inhibits the EGF-induced Ras-ERK MAPK signaling pathway and induces apoptosis. An anti-tumor agent for K-Ras mutant models[1].

  • CAS Number: 733035-26-2
  • MF: C28H34N2O4
  • MW: 462.58100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5,8-Epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol

5,8-Epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol (9,11-Dehydroergosterol peroxide), an important steroid from medicinal mushroom, exerts antitumor activity in several tumor types. 5,8-Epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol inhibits HT29 cell growth by inducing CDKN1A expression, thus causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 86363-50-0
  • MF: C28H42O3
  • MW: 426.63100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

STAT3-IN-10

STAT3-IN-10 (A11) is a STAT3 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 5.18 µM. STAT3-IN-10 directly binds to STAT3 SH2 domain, inhibits tumor cell growth and induces apoptosis in cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2499491-04-0
  • MF: C17H13NO5
  • MW: 311.29
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RGB-286147

RGB-286147 is a selective and ATP-competitive CDK and CDK-related kinases (CRK) inhibitor with 50 values ranging from 9-839 nM. RGB-286147 shows less active against other non-CDK/CRK kinases. RGB-286147 induces cell apoptosis, and exhibits anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 784211-09-2
  • MF: C23H22Cl2N4O3
  • MW: 473.35200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Anticancer agent 84

Anticancer agent 84 is an anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 84 represses the transcription of c-MYC by stabilizing the G-quadruplex (G4) structure. Anticancer agent 84 can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2714510-72-0
  • MF: C57H67N7O9
  • MW: 994.18
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Didesmethylrocaglamide

Didesmethylrocaglamide, a derivative of Rocaglamide, is a potent eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) inhibitor. Didesmethylrocaglamide has potent growth-inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 5 nM. Didesmethylrocaglamide suppresses multiple growth-promoting signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Antitumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 177262-30-5
  • MF: C27H27NO7
  • MW: 477.51
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Verrucarin J

Verrucarin J (Muconomycin B) is a metabolite of the Myrothecium fungus family. Verrucarin J generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces apoptosis of cancer cell lines, such as A549, HCT 116 and SW-620 cells. Verrucarin J shows activities against Candida albicans and Mucor miehei. Verrucarin J inhibits arenavirus Junin (JUNV) yield with an IC50 of 1.2 ng/mL[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 4643-58-7
  • MF: C27H32O8
  • MW: 484.53800
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.297g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 735.353°C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 312.2°C

Bigelovin

Bigelovin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula helianthus-aquatica, is a selective retinoid X receptor α agonist. Bigelovin suppresses tumor growth through inducing apoptosis and autophagy via the inhibition of mTOR pathway regulated by ROS generation[1].

  • CAS Number: 3668-14-2
  • MF: C17H20O5
  • MW: 304.33800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fulvestrant

Fulvestrant is a potent Estrogen Receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 9.4 nM.

  • CAS Number: 129453-61-8
  • MF: C32H47F5O3S
  • MW: 606.771
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 674.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 104-106°C
  • Flash Point: 361.9±31.5 °C

8-Epixanthatin

8-Epixanthatin is a potential colchicine binding site inhibitor isolated from Xanthium chinese Mill. 8-Epixanthatin can inhibit the activation of STAT3, induce apoptosis, and has anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 30890-35-8
  • MF: C15H18O3
  • MW: 246.302
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 444.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 199.1±28.8 °C

6-Ethoxydihydrosanguinarine

Ethoxysanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid natural product that is mainly found in Macleaya cordata. Ethoxysanguinarine inhibits viability and induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A)[1].

  • CAS Number: 28342-31-6
  • MF: C22H19NO5
  • MW: 377.390
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 563.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 210-212℃(ethanol)
  • Flash Point: 169.0±27.3 °C

(2R)-L-gamma-Glutamyl-3-((2-((bis(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phosphinyl)oxy) ethyl)sulfonyl)- L-alanyl-2-phenylglycine

Canfosfamide (TLK-286, TER286) is a glutathione analogue prodrug that is activated by glutathione S-transferase P1-1 and induces apoptosis. Canfosfamide also inhibits the catalytic kinase activity of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Canfosfamide produces an anticancer alkylating agent and a glutathione derivative after activation. Canfosfamide can be used to research malignancies[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 158382-37-7
  • MF: C26H40Cl4N5O10PS
  • MW: 787.47400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.484g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 939.8ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 522.2ºC

sophoridine

d-Sophoridine ((+)-Sophoridine) is the dextro isoform of Sophoridine (HY-N1373), which is a quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from Leguminous plant Sophora flavescens. Sophoridine induces apoptosis. Sophoridine has the potential to be a novel, potent and selective antitumor agent candidate for pancreatic cancer with well-tolerated toxicity[1].

  • CAS Number: 83148-91-8
  • MF: C15H24N2O
  • MW: 248.36
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.164 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 396.738ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 172.748ºC

Tubastatin A

Tubastatin A (TSA) TFA is a potent and selective?HDAC6?inhibitor with?IC50?of 15 nM in a cell-free assay, and is selective (1000-fold more) against all other isozymes except HDAC8 (57-fold more). Tubastatin A TFA also inhibits HDAC10 and metallo-β-lactamase domain-containing protein?2 (MBLAC2).

  • CAS Number: 1239262-52-2
  • MF: C22H22F3N3O4
  • MW: 449.42
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

S-Allylmercaptocysteine

S-allylmercaptocysteine, an organic sulfur compound extracted from garlic, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects for various pulmonary diseases. S-allylmercaptocysteine achieves its anti-cancer effect through a variety of pathways such as inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells through the TGF-β signaling pathway, or reducing the NF-κB activity and up-regulating Nrf2 to achieve the effects of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 2281-22-3
  • MF: C6H11NO2S2
  • MW: 193.29
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PK11007

PK11007 is a p53 targeting compound, has anti-tumor activities through activation of unstable p53.

  • CAS Number: 38275-34-2
  • MF: C6H5ClN2O4S
  • MW: 236.63300
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Oleic acid-d2

Oleic acid-d2 (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid-d2) is the deuterium labeled Oleic acid. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].

  • CAS Number: 5711-29-5
  • MF: C18H32D2O2
  • MW: 284.47400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 0.896 g/mL at 25ºC
  • Boiling Point: 192-195ºC/1.2 mmHg(lit.)
  • Melting Point: 13.4ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Desoxyrhaponticin

Desoxyrhaponticin is a stilbene glycoside from the Tibetan nutritional food Rheum tanguticum Maxim. Desoxyrhaponticin is a Fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitor, and has apoptotic effect on human cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 30197-14-9
  • MF: C21H24O8
  • MW: 404.410
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 700.5±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 377.5±32.9 °C

Methotrexate-d3

Methotrexate-d3 (Amethopterin-d3) is the deuterium labeled Methotrexate. Methotrexate (Amethopterin), an antimetabolite and antifolate agent, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Methotrexate, also an immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agent, is used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and a number of different cancers (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia)[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 432545-63-6
  • MF: C20H19D3N8O5
  • MW: 457.45800
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 210°C dec.
  • Flash Point: 9℃

Mechercharmycin A

Mechercharmycin A is a cytotoxic substance isolated from marine-derived Thermoactinomyces sp. YM3-251. Mechercharmycin A exhibits relatively strong antitumor activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 822520-96-7
  • MF: C35H32N8O7S
  • MW: 708.74
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-methylquinolin-4(1H)-one

Graveoline (Rutamine) is an anti-cancer agent that can trigger apoptosis and autophagy in skin melanoma cells. Graveoline also exhibits antifungal activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 485-61-0
  • MF: C17H13NO3
  • MW: 279.29
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.327g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 436.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 204-205 °C
  • Flash Point: 217.9ºC

Ritonavir-d6

Ritonavir-d6 (ABT 538-d6) is the deuterium labeled Ritonavir. Ritonavir (ABT 538) is an inhibitor of HIV protease used to treat HIV infection and AIDS. Ritonavir is also a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.61 μM[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1217720-20-1
  • MF: C37H42D6N6O5S2
  • MW: 726.98
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

XZ739

XZ739, a CRBN-dependent PROTAC BCL-XL degrader with a DC50 value of 2.5 nM in MOLT-4 cells after 16 h treatment. XZ739 also induces cell death through caspase-mediated apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2365172-19-4
  • MF: C65H76ClF3N8O12S3
  • MW: 1349.99
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Busulfan-D8

Busulfan-D8 is a deuterium labeled Busulfan. Busulfan is an alkyl sulfonate that acts as an alkylating antineoplastic agent. Busulfan forms both intra- and interstrand crosslinks on DNA. In mammals, Busulfan causes profound and prolonged reduction in the generation of hematopoietic progenitors without significantly affecting lymphocyte levels or humoral antibody responses.

  • CAS Number: 116653-28-2
  • MF: C6H6D8O6S2
  • MW: 254.351
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 464.0±28.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 112-114ºC
  • Flash Point: 234.4±24.0 °C