Dendrobine is an alkaloid isolated from Dendrobium nobile. Dendrobine possesses antiviral activity against influenza A viruses, with IC50s of 3.39 μM, 2.16 μM and 5.32 μM for A/FM-1/1/47 (H1N1), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H274Y (H1N1) and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), respectively[1].
Rifampicin-d3 (Rifampin-d3) is the deuterium labeled Rifampicin. Rifampicin is a potent and broad spectrum antibiotic against bacterial pathogens. Rifampicin has anti-influenza virus activities[1][2].
Cinanserin hydrochloride (SQ 10643) is a potent, selective and highly affinity 5-HT2 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 41 nM. Cinanserin hydrochloride has a much higher binding affinity for the 5-HT2 than for the 5-HT1 receptor (Ki of 3500 nM). Cinanserin is also an inhibitor of 3C-like proteinase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and strongly reduces virus replication in vitro[1][2][3].
Goitrin ((S)-Goitrin), a product of glucosinolate-myrosinase reactions, is a potent inhibitor of thyroid peroxidase. Goitrin can inhibit iodine utilization by the thyroid. Goitrin also exhibits anti-influenza virus (H1N1) activity[1][2][3].
Laninamivir-d3 (R 125489-d3) is the deuterium labeled Laninamivir. Laninamivir (R 125489) is a potent influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.90 nM, 1.83 nM and 3.12 nM for avian H12N5 NA (N5), pH1N1 N1 NA (p09N1) and A/RI/5+/1957 H2N2 N2 (p57N2), respectively[1][2].
Navivumab (CT-P23) is an influenza A virus hemagglutinin HA monoclonal antibody. neutralizes H1, H2, H5, and H9 influenza A viruses by binding to the stem fusion domain in HA2[1].
Triazavirin (Riamilovir sodium dihydrate) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent targeting influenza viruses, lassa virus, TBEV and Ebola virus; suppresses the replication of influenza virus in cell culture and in chicken chorioallantoic membranes, and protects mice from death caused by type A and B influenza viruses.
Gedivumab (MHAA4549A; RG7745) is a human monoclonal antibody that targets influenza A virus (IAV) with high specificity and binds to the highly conserved stem region of the IAV haemagglutinin protein, thereby preventing haemagglutinin maturation and blocking haemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion in the intranucleosome. Gedivumab can be used in IAV infection disease studies[1].
Flutimide is a novel endonuclease inhibitor of influenza virus. Flutimide selectively inhibits endonuclease with an IC50 value of 3 μM. Flutimide shows antiviral activity in cell culture. Flutimide can be used for the research of acute contagious respiratory disease, such as influenza[1].
Atractylone (Atractylon) is a sesquiterpenoid extracted from Atractylodis Rhizoma. Atractylone (Atractylon) alleviates influenza A virus (IAV)-induced lung injury via regulating the TLR7 signaling pathway, and acts as a promising agent for IAV treatment. Atractylone (Atractylon) inhibits the degranulation of mast cell and exhibits potential for the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic reactions[1][2].
Nitazoxanide is a synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivative and an antiprotozoal agent. (IC50 for canine influenza virus ranges from 0.17 to 0.21 μM).Target: OthersNitazoxanide is a synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivative and an antiprotozoal agent. In vitro studies demonstrated much broader activity. Dr. Rossignol co-founded Romark Laboratories, with the goal of bringing nitazoxanide to market as an anti-parasitic drug. Initial studies in the USA were conducted in collaboration with Unimed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Marietta, GA) and focused on development of the drug for treatment of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS.The anti-protozoal activity of nitazoxanide is believed to be due to interference with the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme dependent electron transfer reaction which is essential to anaerobic energy metabolism. It has also been shown to have activity against influenza A virus in vitro. The mechanism appears to be by selectively blocking the maturation of the viral hemagglutinin at a stage preceding resistance to endoglycosidase H digestion. This impairs hemagglutinin intracellular trafficking and insertion of the protein into the host plasma membrane.
Neuraminidase-IN-2 is an anti-influenza compounds with IC50 values of 0.28, 0.27, 11.50, 0.089 and 23.44 µM for H1N1, 09H1N1, H3N2, H5N1 and H5N2, respectively. Neuraminidase-IN-2 has antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity[1].
CEF1, Influenza Matrix Protein M1 (58-66) is an epitope derived from the matrix protein of the influenza A virus[1].
Moroxydine HCl is a synthetic antiviral compound chemically belonging to the series of the heterocyclic biguanidines.Target: Influenza VirusMoroxydine is an antiviral drug that was originally developed in the 1950s as an influenza treatment. It has potential applications against a number of RNA and DNA viruses [1]. Structurally moroxydine is a heterocyclic biguanidine. Moroxydine was reported in March 2014 that three kindergartens in two provinces of China had been found to be secretly dosing their students with moroxydine hydrochloride to try to prevent them from becoming ill. The kindergartens are paid only for the days that pupils attend and wanted to ensure that they maximised their earnings [2].
Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-5 is a potent inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN). Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-5 inhibits influenza virus well, and/or has lower cytotoxicity, better in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo pharmacodynamic properties (extracted from patent WO2020078401A1, compound 13-1)[1].
Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-21 is a potent inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN). Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-21 inhibits the replication of influenza virus. ap-dependent endonuclease-IN-21 has the potential for the research of influenza virus infection (influenza A) (extracted from patent WO2021233302A1, compound 8B or 8A)[1].
Soyasaponin II is a saponin with antiviral activity. Soyasaponin II inhibits the replication of HSV-1, HCMV, influenza virus, and HIV-1. Soyasaponin II shows potent inhibition on HSV-1 replication. Soyasaponin II serves as a inhibitor for YB-1 phosphorylation and NLRP3 inflammasome priming and could protect mice against LPS/GalN induced acute liver failure[1][2].
L-Norleucine-d9 ((S)-2-Aminohexanoic acid-d9) is the deuterium labeled L-Norleucine. L-Norleucine ((S)-2-Aminohexanoic acid) is an isomer of leucine, specifically affects protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, and has antivirus activity.
AG-1478 hydrochloride (Tyrphostin AG-1478 hydrochloride) is a selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 3 nM. AG-1478 hydrochloride has antiviral effects against HCV and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)[1][2][3][4].
Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-3 is a potent inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN). Not only can Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-3 inhibit influenza virus well, but also has lower cytotoxicity, better in vivo agent kinetic properties and in vivo pharmacodynamic properties. Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-3 has the potential for the research of influenza A and influenza B infection (extracted from patent WO2019141179A1, compound VI-1)[1].
Neuraminidase-IN-10 is a potent neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor with anti-influenza activity. Neuraminidase-IN-10 is against H1N1, H5N1, and H5N8 with IC50 values of 2.6 nM, 5.1 nM, and 1.65 nM, respectively[1].
Eckol is a potent hMAO-A (Mixed) and hMAO-B (non-competitive) inhibitor with IC50s of 7.20 and 83.44 μM, respectively. Eckol shows stimulatory effects in maize and can be used as a plant biostimulant. Eckol also shows antiallergic and antiviral effects[1][2][3][4].
Antiviral agent 43 (compound 16) is a potent and orally active influenza A viruses entry inhibitor. Antiviral agent 43 inhibits replications of influenza A strains VH04-H5N1 and PR8-H1N1 with EC50s of 240 nM and 72 nM, respectively[1].
Yadanziolide B, a natural indole alkaloid, is a potential H5N1 neuraminidase inhibitor[1][2].
Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-23 is a potent inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN). Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-23 inhibits the replication of influenza virus. ap-dependent endonuclease-IN-23 has the potential for the research of influenza virus infection (influenza A) (extracted from patent WO2021233302A1, compound 8A or 8B)[1].
Methyl brevifolincarboxylate (Brevifolincarboxylic acid methyl ester) is a potent influenza virus PB2 cap-binding inhibitor. Methyl brevifolincarboxylate exhibits inhibitory activity against influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) with IC50s of 27.16 μM and 33.41 μM. Anti-oxidant activity[1][2].
Rimantadine (Flumadine) is an anti-influenza virus drug.Target: Influenza Virusrimantadine are oral antiviral drugs useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A virus infections. rimantadine has prophylactic efficacy comparable to amantadine but lower potential for causing adverse effects [1]. double-blind study of children with influenza-like illness. 37 received rimantadine for five days. Of the total 37 children in the rimantadine group, 27% were found to have resistant isolated compared with 6% in the total group receiving acetaminophen (P < .04). Furthermore, the mean inhibitory concentration of rimantadine increased with time in the rimantadine group (r = .4, P = .002) [2].
Neuraminidase-IN-9 (Compound 6l) is a potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.12, 0.049 and 0.16 µM against H5N1, H5N2 and H5N6, respectively[1].
Neuraminidase-IN-8 (Compound 6d) is a potent neuraminidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.027 µM. Neuraminidase-IN-8 shows anti-influenza activities[1].
Neuraminidase-IN-11 (15e) is a potent and selective neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor with the IC50 values of 4.7 nM, 8.46 nM and 1.5 nM against H1N1, H5N1 and H5N8 NAs respectively[1].