ACHN-975 is a selective LpxC inhibitor, exhibiting a subnanomolar LpxC inhibitory activity and low MIC values (≤1 μg/mL) against a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria. LpxC is highly conserved in Gram-negative bacteria and catalyzes the first committed step of lipid A biosynthesis[1]. LpxC is the bacterial enzyme Zinc-dependent metalloamidase UDP-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase[1].
Imidazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics, acts as a formaldehyde releaser.
Phytolaccagenin, a triterpenoid saponin, is the active component of Radix Phytolaccae. Phytolcaccagenin has antifungal activity, anti-inflammatory activity and lower toxicity[1]
(±)-Emodin bianthrone (compound 10), a natural product, exhibits antimalarial, antitubercular and ntifungal activities[1].
Fosfomycin tromethamine (MK-0955 tromethamine) is a blood-brain barrier penetrating, broad-spectrum antibiotic by irreversibly inhibiting an early stage in cell wall synthesis. Fosfomycin tromethamine shows both in vivo and in vitro activity against a wide range of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria[1].
Methylisothiazolinone-d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Methylisothiazolinone (hydrochloride). Methylisothiazolinone hydrochloride is the constituent of the biocide Kathon CG. Methylisothiazolinone hydrochloride is an isothiazolone derivative widely used as a preservative. Methylisothiazolinone hydrochloride is also a moderate sensitizer and reacts with GSH.
Gatifloxacin (hydrochloride) is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, it inhibits the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.Target: AntibacterialGatifloxacin (hydrochloride) is the hydrochloride salt of Gatifloxacin which is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Gatifloxacin had activity equal to that of tosufloxacin and activity more potent than those of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sparfloxacin against the second-step mutants (grlA gyrA; gatifloxacin MIC range, 1.56 to 3.13 microg/ml) and had the most potent activity against the third-step mutants (grlA gyrA grlA; gatifloxacin MIC range, 1.56 to 6.25 microg/ml), suggesting that gatifloxacin possesses the most potent inhibitory activity against singly mutated topo IV and singly mutated DNA gyrase among the quinolones tested [1].Ophthalmic gatifloxacin 0.3% is at least as effective as ciprofloxacin at healing corneal ulcers infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa when gatifloxacin is administered less frequently than ciprofloxacin. Trends favored gatifloxacin in fluorescein retention scores [2].Clinical indications: Bacterial infection FDA Approved Date: Toxicity: Hepatotoxicity; Acute pancreatitis [3]; Torsades de pointes [4]
Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone), a sesquiterpene isolated from Launaea mucronata, is the major constituents of the essential oil. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone has antibacterial, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation activities[1][2].
5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin is a coumarin with anti-cancer, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. 5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin induces cell apoptosis[1][2].
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a new 2- (quinoline-4-methoxy) acetamide antituberculotic agent against the reference strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was as low as 0.3 μ M. It also inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the macrophage model of tuberculosis infection.
Sancycline is a rare semi-synthetic tetracycline prepared by hydrogenolysis of the chloro and benzylic hydroxy moieties of Declomycin。Target:Like other tetracyclines, sancycline acts by reversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibiting protein translation by blocking entry of aminoacyl-tRNA into the ribosome A site.
Tebipenem Pivoxil is a novel oral carbapenem antibiotic.Target: AntibacterialTebipenem is a broad spectrum orally administered antibiotic, from the carbapenem subgroup of beta-lactam antibiotics. It was developed as a replacement drug to combat bacteria that had acquired antibiotic resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Tebipenem is formulated as the ester tebipenem pivoxil due to the better absorption and improved bioavailability of this form. It has performed well in clinical trials for ear infection and looks likely to be further developed in future [1-3].
Cloxiquine is an antibacterial, antifungal, antiaging and antituberculosis drug.
T-91825 (PPI-0903M), an N-phosphono-type cephalosporin, is the active form of TAK-599. T-91825 is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria[1][2].
Polymyxin B nonapeptide is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue[1]. Polymyxin B nonapeptide is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outer membranes[2].
Amycolatopsin A is a 20-membered macrolide, that can be isolated from a strain of the rare actinomycete Amycolatopsis sp. MST‐108494. Amycolatopsin A shows antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) and M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) with IC50 values of 0.4 µM and 4.4 µM, respectively[1].
Thiophene-2 (TP2) is a specific polyketide synthase 13 (Pks13) inhibitor. Thiophene-2 inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis and rapidly leads to mycobacterial cell death. Thiophene-2 is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a MIC value of 1 μM, and has potent anti-tuberculosis activity[1].
Baquiloprim, an antibiotic, is a selective inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductases. Baquiloprim possesses in vitro bacteriostatic activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria[1][2].
Asperglaucin B is an alkylated salicylaldehyde derivative from the fungus Aspergillus chevalieri SQ-8, with antibacterial activities. Asperglaucin B displays potent antibacterial activities against two plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidae (Psa) and Bacillus cereus, with an MIC value of 6.25 μM[1].
Sapienic acid sodium is a fatty acid commonly found on the skin and in mucosa. Sapienic acid sodium has variable antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria found on the skin and in the oral cavity. Sapienic acid sodium is active against Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis and Fusobacterium nucleatum with MBC values of 31.3 μg/mL, 375.0 μg/mL and 93.8 μg/mL, respectively[1].
2-Chloroacetamide-d4 is the deuterium labeled 2-Chloroacetamide[1]. 2-Chloroacetamide is a preservative and is a herbicide for both uplands and paddy fields. 2-Chloroacetamide is a biocide in agriculture, glues, paints and coatings. 2-Chloroacetamide inhibits very-long-chain fatty acid elongase[2][3][4].
Roseoflavin, a natural pigment originally isolated from Streptomyces davawensis, is an antimetabolite analog of Riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide that has antimicrobial properties[1].
Antibacterial compound 1 is a oxazolidinone extracted from patent WO1999037630A1 with antibacterial activities.
N-Tetradecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone is a major chemical modulators of within and between cell communication and regulation. N-Tetradecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone can be used for the study of quorum sensing in vitro.
Apidaecin IA is an antibacterial peptide that can be found in honeybees[1].
Tinidazole is a synthesized imidazole derivative used in antiprotozoal treatment with antiamebic and antibacterial properties.Target: AntibacterialTinidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole active in vitro against a wide variety of anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Tinidazole is an effective treatment against anaerobic microorganisms based on its pharmacokinetic characteristics (C(max) 51 microg/ml, t(1/2) 12.5 h) and its excellent in vitro activity. Its long half-life allows once a day regimens. Tinidazole is as effective as metronidazole in the treatment of infections caused by T. vaginalis, giardiasis and amebiasis and bacterial vaginosis, malaria, odontogenic infections, anaerobic bacterial infections (pelvic inflammatory disease, diabetic foot), surgical prophylaxis (abdominal and hysterectomy) and Helicobacter pylori eradication. Tinidazole has recently been resurrected and FDA approved for trichomoniasis and BV in the USA and is being restudied as an alternative to metronidazole for BV. In vitro antimicrobial activity and pharmacokinetics studies indicate that when compared directly with metronidazole, tinidazole has minor but possibly relevant antimicrobial as well as pharmacokinetic advantages.
dmDNA31 is a rifamycin-class antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase with potent bactericidal activity against S. aureus[1].
BRL-42715 is a potent inhibitor of a broad range of bacterial beta-lactamases (β-lactamase) [1].