Leonurine hydrochloride is an alkaloid isolated from Herba leonuri, with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory.
Triptonide(NSC 165677; PG 492), extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook, inhibited the proliferation of mouse splenocytes induced by suboptimal concentration of concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide at concentrations of 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/ml.
Lanatoside C is a cardiac glycoside, can be used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia.Lanatoside C has an IC50 of 0.19 μM for dengue virus infection in HuH-7 cells. Target:in vitro: Dose-dependent reduction in dengue viral RNA and viral proteins synthesis were also observed upon treatment with increasing concentrations of Lanatoside C. Time of addition study indicated that Lanatoside C inhibits the early processes of the dengue virus replication cycle. Furthermore, Lanatoside C can effectively inhibit all four serotypes of dengue virus, flavivirus Kunjin, alphavirus Chikungunya and Sindbis virus as well as the human enterovirus 71. Lanatoside C possesses broad spectrum antiviral activity against several groups of positive-sense RNA viruses. [2]
Bovinic acid is a conjugated linoleic acid with anticarcinogenic and anti-atherogenic activities.
O-Phospho-L-serine is the immediate precursor to L-serine in the serine synthesis pathway, and an agonist at the group III mGluR receptors (mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, and mGluR8); O-Phospho-L-serine also acts as a weak antagonist for mGluR1 and a potent antagonist for mGluR2.
Eriodictyol is a flavonoid isolated from the Chinese herb, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Eriodictyol induces Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Trigonelline, an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee.
3-Methylxanthine, a xanthine derivative, is a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 920 μM on guinea-pig isolated trachealis muscle.
Deoxyguanosine(2'-Deoxyguanosine) is composed of the purine nucleoside guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of deoxyribose.
Puromycin dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt of puromycin. Puromycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis.
Tetrahydroberberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from corydalis tuber; has micromolar affinity for dopamine D(2) (pK(i) = 6.08) and 5-HT(1A) (pK(i) = 5.38) receptors but moderate to no affinity for other relevant serotonin receptors (5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D), 5-HT(3), and 5-HT(4); pK(i) < 5.00).
Methysticin is a major kavalactone in kava extract to induce CYP1A1.
Leonurine is an alkaloid isolated from Herba leonuri, with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory.
Sisomicin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic.
(S)-Leucic acid is an amino acid metabolite.
Chikusetsusaponin IVa a major active ingredient of triterpenoid saponins, exerts antithrombotic effects, including minor hemorrhagic events. This appears to be important for the development of new therapeutic agents. a novel AMPK activator that is capable of bypassing defective insulin signalling and could be useful for the treatment of T2DM or other metabolic disorders.IC50 Value: 199.4 ± 9.1 μM (inhibiting thrombin-induced fibrinogen clotting) Target: In vitro: Using biochemical and pharmacological methods, it proves that chikusetsusaponin IVa prolongs the recalcification time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time of normal human plasma in a dose-dependent manner; inhibits the amidolytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa upon synthetic substrates S2238 and S2222; inhibits thrombin-induced fibrinogen clotting (50% inhibition concentration, 199.4 ± 9.1 μM); inhibits thrombin- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Chikusetsusaponin IVa can also preferentially inhibits thrombin in a competitive manner (K(i)=219.6 μM) [1]. Chikusetsusaponin IVa suppresses the production of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells likely by inhibiting NF-κB activation and ERK, JNK, and p38 signal pathway phosphorylation [2].In vivo: Studies were performed on type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rats given CHS for 28 days to test the antihyperglycemic activity. Oral administration of CHS dose-dependently increased the level of serum insulin and decreased the rise in blood glucose level [3].
Luteolin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide is a luteolin glucosiduronic acid consisting of luteolin having a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid residue attached at the 3'-position.
BergaptolA hydroxylated psoralen that acts as a potent inhibitors of debenzylation activity of CYP3A4 enzyme with an IC50 value of 24.92 uM. Recent studies suggest that it may have antiproliferative and anticancer properties.target: CYP3A4 [1]IC50: 24.92 [1]For in vivo enzyme activity analysis, 100 μM bergaptol was added to the cultures for an additional 24 h at 37°C. After centrifugation, the supernatant was used to measure the bergapten yield by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).[2]
alpha-hederin is a water-soluble pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin, possessing several biological properties such as antispasmodic, moliscicidic, anthelmithic and inhibiting cell proliferation，In vitro: a-hederin is cytotoxic and inhibits proliferation in bothcel lines at rather low concentrations. , a-hederin reduces themitotic activity in treated cels.[1]In vivo: alpha-hederin had preventive effect on sensitized rats like thymoquinone. It may intervene in miRNA-126 expression, which consequently could interfere with IL-13 secretion pathway leading to a reduction in inflammatory responses. [2]
Terazosin is a selective alpha1-antagonist used for treatment of symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Target: Alpha-1 Adrenergic ReceptorTerazosin is selective for alpha 1A-adrenoceptors which appear to dominate in the human prostate; the therapeutic relevance of this selectivity remains to be assessed in clinical studies [1]. Administration of terazosin 1 mg orally for 28 d. Terazosin initially shifted the dose-response curve of phenylephrine to the right, with a significant increase in ED50 for phenylephrine from a control value of 102 to 759 ng/min on day 1 of terazosin (P < 0.001). The mean Kd of terazosin was estimated as 11 +/- 15 nM in the first few days of treatment. This study demonstrates that pharmacological tolerance to the alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking action of terazosin occurs in man and may be responsible for loss in efficacy with chronic therapy [2].
Methyl deacetylasperulosidate is an iridoid isolated from Borreria and Spermacoce species.
Benzoylmesaconine is the most abundant component of Wutou decoction, which is widely used in China because of its therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis.
Quinolinic acid is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist synthesized from L-tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway and thereby has the potential of mediating N-methyl-D-aspartate neuronal damage and dysfunction.
Sesamol is a constituent of sesame oil. Sesamol shows a free radical scavenging activity. Sesamol shows an IC50=5.95±0.56 μg/mL in the DPPH assay. Anti-oxidant activities[1]. Anticancer activities[2].
5-(Hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde, derived from lignocellulosic biomass, inhibits yeast growth and fermentation as stressors.
Stearoylethanolamide is an endocannabinoid-like compound with pro-apoptotic activity.
Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM.
Benzoylhypaconine is a natural product.