Enlimomab (BI-RR 0001), a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody to the human ICAM-1, inhibits leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium, thereby decreasing leukocyte extravasation and inflammatory tissue injury. Enlimomab has anti-inflammatory effects, and can be used for stroke research[1] [2] .
CP-868388 free base is a potent, selective and orally active PPARα agonist with a Ki value of 10.8 nM. CP-868388 free base has little or no affinity for PPARβ (Ki of 3.47 μM) and PPARγ. CP-868388 free base has hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory actions[1].
Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively.
NCT-504 is a selective allosteric inhibitor of PIP4Kγ, with an IC50 of 15.8 μM. NCT-504 is potential for the research of Huntington's disease[1].
Darifenacin HBr(UK88525) is a selective M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist with pKi of 8.9.IC50 value: 8.9 (pKi) [1]Target: M3 receptorin vitro: Darifenacin exerts non-parallel rightward displacement of the agonist curve and also significant depression of the maximum response (+)-cis-Dioxolane produced concentration-dependent contraction of the isolated bladder of rat [1]. Darifenacin produces a concentration dependent increase in R123 (P-gp probe) accumulation in MDCK cells. Darifenacin stimulates ATPase activity in P-gp membrane in a clear concentration dependent response manner with an estimated ED50 value of 1.6?μM. Darifenacin (100 nM) shows a significantly greater permeability for darifenacin in the basolateral to apical direction resulting in an efflux ratio in BBMEC monolayers of approximately 2.6 [2].in vivo: Darifenacin produces dose-dependent inhibition of amplitude of volume-induced bladder contractions(VIBCAMP), producing 35% inhibition at dose of 283.3 nmol/kg and maximal inhibition of approximately 50–55% [1]. Darifenacin (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) reduces bladder afferent activity in both Aδ and C fibers in female Sprague-Dawley rats, the decrease in afferent spikes in C fibers may be more pronounced than that in Aδ fibers [3].
Olanzapine D3 (LY170053 D3) is the deuterium labeled Olanzapine. Olanzapine is 5-HT2 and D1/D2 antagonist. Olanzapine is an antipsychotic agent with anticholinergic properties[1]. Olanzapine induces autophagy, mitochondrial damage and mitophagy in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line[2].
ML382 is a potent, selective, positive allosteric modulator of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X1 (MrgprX1) with EC50 of 190 nM in cell based Ca2+ imaging assay; displays >100-fold selectivity versus MrgX2; enhances the ability of BAM8-22 to inhibit high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels and attenuates spinal nociceptive transmission; effectively attenuated evoked, persistent, and spontaneous pain without causing obvious side effects; attenuates both evoked pain hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain in MrgprX1 mice; an invaluable research tool to study the role of MrgprX1 in chronic pain.
bPiDDB is a potent nAChR antagonist. bPiDDB potently (IC50=2 nM) inhibits nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release through an interaction with α6β2-containing nAChRs[1].
Tau Peptide (244-274) (Repeat 1 Domain) is aTau fragment.
7β-Hydroxycholesterol is an oxysterol that derived by the oxidation of cholesterol. 7β-hydroxycholesterol is a powerful inducer of oxidative stress, inducing dysfunction of organelles (mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes) that can cause cell death[1].
α-Synuclein inhibitor 3 (Compound 7g) is a α-synuclein (α -Syn) aggregation inhibitor. α-Synuclein inhibitor 3 can be used for Parkinson’s disease research[1].
Licopyranocoumarin is an isoflavonoid that shows CYP3A4 inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 32 μM. Licopyranocoumarin has potent neuroprotective activities[1].
LIT-001 (LIT001) is the first nonpeptide Oxytocin receptor (OT-R) agonist with EC50 of 55 nM, Emax=96%; efficiently relieved social interaction deficits in Oprm1−/− mice, a mouse model of autism.
4F 4PP (oxalate) is a selective 5-HT2A antagonist with almost as high affinity (Ki= 5.3 nM) as ketanserin but with a much lower affinity for 5-HT2C sites (Ki= 620 nM)[1][2][3][4].
CART (55-76), rat is a neuropeptide (55-76 residues of the CART peptide) and constitutes the N-terminal fragments of CART (55-102). CART (55-76), rat is a rat satiety factor with potent appetite-suppressing activity and is closely associated with leptin and neuropeptide Y. CART (55-76), rat can induce anxiety and stress-related behavior[1].
[cPP1-7,NPY19-23,Ala31,Aib32,Gln34]-hPancreatic Polypeptide is a potent and selective neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor agonist with an IC50 of 0.24 nM for binding to the hY5 receptor. [cPP1-7,NPY19-23,Ala31,Aib32,Gln34]-hPancreatic Polypeptide induces a high amount of food intake[1].
1-Hydroxy-N-methylacridone is an acridone alkaloid from Boronia lanceolate[1].
Erucin (ERU) is an isothiocyanate particularly abundant in arugula. Erucin shows anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3][4].
MK-6884 is a M4 muscarinic receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with a Ki value of 0.19 nM. MK-6884 can be used for the research of the neurodegenerative diseases. MK-6884 can be conveniently radiolabeled with carbon-11 and as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent[1].
Dopamine D4 receptor antagonist-1 is a selective DRD4 antagonists, with a Ki of 9.0 nM for Hd4.2. Dopamine D4 receptor antagonist-1 can be used in study of schizophrenia[1].
(Rac)-WAY-161503 hydrochloride is a potent, selective, high affinity 5-HT2C receptor agonist with a Ki of 4 nM and an EC50 of 12 nM. (Rac)-WAY-161503 hydrochloride displays higher affinity for 5-HT2C than 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. (Rac)-WAY-161503 hydrochloride has anti-obesity and antidepressant effects[1][2].
Frovatriptan is a potent 5-HT1B//D receptor agonist and has the highest 5-HT1B potency in the triptan class. Frovatriptan is apparently cerebroselective. Frovatriptan is efficacious and even superior in some endpoints also when taken during the headache phase in migraine attacks with aura[1].
β-amyloid (12-28) is a 17-aa peptide fragment, which can produce amyloid aggregates, used in the research of Alzheimer’sdisease.
[Glp5] Substance P (5-11) is an octapeptide. [Glp5] Substance P (5-11) is one of the main substance P fragments in rat central nervous system (CNS). [Glp5] Substance P (5-11) locally modulates dopamine release in rat striatum[1].
Gabapentin-d6 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Gabapentin (hydrochloride).
CMPDA is a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors with EC50s of 45.4 ± 4.2 nM/63.4 ± 5.6 nM for GluA2i/GluA2o receptor.IC50 value: 45.4 ± 4.2 nM/63.4 ± 5.6 nM(GluA2i/GluA2o) [1]Target: AMPAR modulatorCMPDA was nearly equipotent at modulating the two isoforms of GluA2 receptors, whereas CMPDB displayed a modest preference for the flip splice variant. Similar to CX614, CMPDA slowed the rate of deactivation of GluA2o receptors approximately 2-fold but had no effect on GluA2i receptor deactivation [1].
Articaine Hydrochloride is a dental local anesthetic.Target: OthersArticaine Hydrochloride is a dental local anesthetic. Articaine: VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) scores (from 0 to 10 cm) by patients 4 to < 13 years of age are 0.5 for simple procedures and 1.1 for complex procedures, and average investigator scores are 0.4 and 0.6 for simple and complex procedures, respectively. No serious adverse events related to the articaine occurres, the only adverse event considered related to articaine is accidental lip injury in one patient [1]. Articaine results in success rate of 64.5% in electronic pulp testing in healthy adult volunteers injected with 4% articaine. Articaine infiltration produces significantly more episodes of no response to maximum stimulation in first molars than lidocaine. Mandibular buccal infiltration is more effective with 4% articaine with epinephrine compared to 2% lidocaine with epinephrine [2]. Articaine formulation results in successful pulpal anesthesia ranged from 75 to 92 percent and onset of pulpal anesthesia ranged from 4.2 to 4.7 minutes in healthy volunteer. For articaine, 4 percent (two of 56) of the subjects reported swelling and no subjects reported bruising. Ninety-eight percent (59 of 60) of the subjects had lip numbness with the articaine solution [3].
Progabide is a gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA) agonist.
BT18 is a molecule mimic with function similar to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)[1]. BT18 shows an effect on GDNF family receptor GFRα1 and RET receptor tyrosine kinase RetA function[2].
Pivagabine (CXB 722), a psychoactive drug, is a hydrophobic 4-aminobutyric acid derivative with neuromodulatory activity. Pivagabine penetrates the blood-brain barrier in rats. Pivagabine antagonizes the effects of foot shock on both GABAA receptor function and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) concentrations in rat brain[1][2].