L-Afegostat (5-epi-Isofagomine) is a glycosidase inhibitor. L-Afegostat is an iminosugar that can be used for the synthesis of carbohydrates. L-Afegostat shows enzyme inhibition to β-Glucosidase with an Ki of 30 μM[1].
Acipimox (K-9321) sodium, a nicotinic acid analogue, is an antilipolytic compound. Acipimox sodium stimulates leptin releas, inhibits lipolysis and suppresses systemic levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and improves insulin sensitivity[1][2][3].
PF-06869206 is an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of the sodium-phosphate cotransporter NaPi2a (SLC34A1) with an IC50 of 380 nM.
Coenzyme A (trilithium), a ubiquitous essential cofactor, is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A (trilithium) plays a central role in the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids[1].
(±)-Leucine-13C-1 (DL-Leucine-13C-1) is the 13C-labeled (±)-Leucine. (±)-Leucine (DL-Leucine), an isomer of Leucine, chemosterilant and dietary additive. (±)-Leucine inhibits growth of Escherichia coli HfrH by 92.08%[1].
Thiochrome, a natural oxidation product and metabolite of thiamine, is a selective M4 muscarinic receptor of acetylcholine (ACh) affinity enhancer. Thiochrome has neutral cooperativity with ACh at M1 to M3 receptors[1][2].
Cionin is a disulfotyrosyl hybrid of cholecystokinin and gastrin[1].
SSTR5 antagonist 2 (compound 10) is a highly potent, oral active and selective somatostatin (receptor) subtype 5 (SSTR5) antagonist and has potential to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)[1].
L-6424 inhibits T3 binding to α1-T3R and β1-T3R[1].
1-(4-Hydroxybenzoyl)glucose, a natural product found in Moricandia arvensis, Rhodiola chrysanthemifolia, acts as a bifunctional acyl and glucosyl donor[1].
Hypoglycemic agent 1 acts as a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for diabetes. Hypoglycemic agent 1 has an action for lowering blood sugar[1].
Gastric mucin is a large glycoprotein which is thought to play a major role in the protection of the gastrointestinal tract from acid, proteases, pathogenic microorganisms, and mechanical trauma.
Rimonabant-d10 is deuterium labeled Rimonabant. Rimonabant (SR141716) is a highly potent, brain penetrated and selective central cannabinoid receptor (CB1) antagonist with a Ki of 1.8 nM. Rimonabant (SR141716) also inhibits Mycobacterial membrane protein Large 3 (MMPL3).
Alogliptin(SYR-322) is a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4 with IC50 of <10 nM, exhibits greater than 10,000-fold selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9.IC50 value: <10 nMTarget: DPP4Alogliptin is an orally administered, anti-diabetic drug in the DPP-4 inhibitor class. A randomized clinical trial reporting in 2011 aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus placebo and voglibose among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients in Japan. The main outcome indicated that alogliptin was statistically superior to both comparitors. A randomized clinical trial reporting in 2012 aimed to demonstrate that alogliptin was "non-inferior" to a "very low fat/calorie traditional Japanese diet" among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients in Japan. The outcome indicated that both the drug and dietary treatments comparably impacted indicators of the diabetic condition, such as HbA1c levels and glycemic efficacy. The drug treatment had its impact without changing body mass index (BMI), but the dietary treatment was accompanied by a significant reduction in the BMI…
Hyaluronate lyase can cleat hyaluronate (HA) and produce unsaturated disaccharides through a β-elimination reaction. The resulting disaccharides further trigger the downstream pathway and catalyze the next reaction. Hyaluronate lyase helps Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp.equisimilis (SDSE) acquire nutrients from the host, causing bacterial pathogenicity[1].
CPA inhibitor is a potent inhibitor for carboxypeptidase A (CPA).
Ketoprofen (RP-19583) lysinate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Ketoprofen lysinate can inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase with IC50 values of 2 nM (COX-1) and 26 nM (COX-2). which is potential in the research of inflammation, immunology, and metabolic disease such as obesity[1][2][3].
2-Piperidone is an endogenous metabolite.
GOAT-IN-1 is an inhibitor of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT), which could be useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic, non-alcoholic fatty liver, steatohepatitis, sarcopenia, appetite control, alcohol/narcotic dependence, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cerebrovascular dementia, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral infarction, cardic disease, some kind of tumors.
Aldolase is a glycolytic enzyme and a component of the VATPase complex. Aldolase causes fructose 1, 6-diphosphate to decompose into dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate[1].
HSL-IN-1 (compound 24b) is a potent and orally active hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) inhibitor (IC50=2 nM) with a significantly reduced reactive metabolite liability[1].
BI-6015 is a hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) antagonist that can inhibit the expression of known HNF4α target genes. BI6015 represses insulin promoter activity through HNF4α antagonism. BI-6015 can be used for the research of cancer and diabetes[1].
Alagebrium chloride is an advanced glycation end product (AGE) inhibitor.
L-Leucine-d1 is the deuterium labeled L-Leucine. L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway[1].
Kushenol L is one of the main components of EtOA cextracts from Kushen, a traditional medicinal herb derived from the dried roots of Sophora flavescens Ait. Kushenol L is a flavonoid and plays an important role in anti-diabeticeffects[1].
Miroestrol is a highly active phytoestrogen. Miroestrol can produce mammogenic effect. Miroestrol exhibits bone loss prevention and neuroprotective in ovariectomized mice. Miroestrol also can reduce cancer risk[1][2][3][4].
Acotiamide hydrochloride is an orally active, selective and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, with IC50 of 1.79 μM. Acotiamide hydrochloride can enhance gastric contractility and accelerate delayed gastric emptying. Acotiamide hydrochloride has the potential for the research of functional dyspepsia involving gastric motility dysfunction and intestinal inflammatory[1][2][3].
cyt-PTPε Inhibitor-1 is a potent cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (cyt-PTPε) inhibitor, binds to the catalytic domain of cyt-PTPε, blocks c-Src activation (dephosphorylation of c-Src), and exhibits anti-osteoclastic activity[1].
ATP dipotassium (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate dipotassium) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo, provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP dipotassium is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation[1][2].
BIBO3304 TFA is a potent, orally active, and selective neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor antagonist, with subnanomolar affinity for both the human and the rat Y1 receptor (IC50=0.38 and 0.72 nM, respectively)[1].