Glucose dehydrogenase is a oxidoreductase. Glucose dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of β-D-glucose to β-D-glucono-1,5-lactone with simultaneous reduction of the cofactor NADP+ to NADPH or, to a lesser extent, NAD+ to NADH. Glucose dehydrogenase accepts both NAD+ and NADP+ as cofactors and can be used for the regeneration of NADH and NADPH[1][2].
Pioglitazone (U 72107) potassium is an orally active and selective PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain with EC50 of 0.93 μM and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively. Pioglitazone potassium can be used in diabetes research[2][3][4].
Creosol-d4 is the deuterium labeled Creosol[1]. Creosol is an endogenous metabolite.
KH-176 (KH176, Sonlicromanol) is a smal molecule ROS-redox modulator, effectively reduces increased cellular ROS levels and protects OXPHOS deficient primary cells against redox perturbation by targeting the Thioredoxin/Peroxiredoxin system; significantly improves rotarod and gait performance and reduces the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in Ndufs4 -/- mice, shows therapeutic effects in mammalian model of Leigh Disease.
Ninerafaxstat (IMB-1018972) trihydrochloride is a cardiac mitotrope agent. Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride increases myocardial metabolic efficiency by shifting substrate utilization towards glucose through reducing fatty acid oxidation (inhibiting 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase)[1].
Azapentacene sodium is an anti-cataract agent[1].
Ceftezole is an α-Glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 and a Ki of 2.1 μM and 0.578 μM, respectively.
Propionylglycine is a peptide[1].
Ferroheme, a complex of ferrous iron and a porphyrin, is an isosteric inhibitor of fatty acid binding to rat liver fatty acid binding protein[1][2].
N-Nonyldeoxynojirimycin (NN-DNJ) is a potent inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-1,6-glucosidase (IC50s, 0.42, 8.4 μM, respectively), inhibits glycogen breakdown[1].
4-Methylumbelliferyl α-L-arabinofuranoside is the glycosidase substrate[1].
Trigonelline chloride, an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee.
D-Mannitol-13C,d2 is the deuterium and 13C labeled D-Mannitol.
trans-ACPD, a metabotropic receptor agonist, produces calcium mobilization and an inward current in cultured cerebellar Purkinje neurons.
L-Leucine-13C6 is the 13C labeled L-Leucine[1]. L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway[2].
Deoxynivalenol, a mycotoxin of the trichothecenes family, crosses the intestinal mucosa by a paracellular pathway through the tight junctions. The Deoxynivalenol transport is not affected by P-glycoprotein (PgP) or multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) inhibitors[1].
Chlorazanil hydrochloride is a orally effective diuretic agent.
Fasiglifam (TAK-875) is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable GPR40 agonist with EC50 of 72 nM.
Renzapride (BRL 24924), a substituted benzamide, is a full 5-HT4 receptor agonist with a Ki value of 115 nM. Renzapride (BRL 24924) is also a 5HT2b and 5HT3 receptor antagonist[1]. Renzapride could be used for constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) study[2].
Kazinol B, a prenylated flavan with a dimethyl pyrane ring, is an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production. Kazinol B improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing glucose uptake via the insulin-Akt signaling pathway and AMPK activation. Kazinol B has the potential for diabetes mellitus research[1][2].
D-Lyxose-d is the deuterium labeled D-Lyxose. D-Lyxose is an endogenous metabolite[1].
Picilorex is an active compound. Picilorex can be used for the research of anorectic[1].
Brassinazole (0.5, 1, 5 μM) causes markedly deformed seedlings, whose morphology is similar to that of BR-deficient mutants. Brassinazole causes cress dwarfism, altering leaf morphology such as the typical downward curl and dark green appearance of Arabidopsis BR-deficient mutants. However, administration of 10 nM BR reversed dwarfism[1].
UU-T02 is a novel potent, selective small-molecule inhibitor of β-catenin/Tcf4 interaction with Ki of 1.36 uM; displays 63-fold and 175-fold selectivity over β-catenin/E-cadherin and β-catenin/APC interactions, respectively.
Grape seed extract is a natural product with various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effect. Grape seed extract shows inhibitory activity on the fat-metabolizing enzymes pancreatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase[1][2].
Momordin II, an oleanane-type triterpene glycoside, is a ribosome inactivating protein. Momordin II inhibits cell-free protein synthesis, releases adenine from rat liver ribosomes and from DNA, and has no RNase activity[1][2][3].
Indole-13C8,15N is the 13C and 15N labeled Indole[1]. Indole is an endogenous metabolite.
BMS-309403 is a potent, selective and cell-permeable inhibitor of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) with a Ki of less than 2 nM.
Demethyleneberberine is a natural mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Demethyleneberberine alleviates mice colitis and inhibits the inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB pathway and regulating the balance of Th cells. Demethyleneberberine could serve as a AMPK activator for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)[1][2][3].
Vildagliptin (LAF237 dihydrate;NVP-LAF 237 dihydrate) is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor that delays the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).