3-Nitro-L-tyrosine is a biomarker of nitrogen free radical species modified proteins in systemic autoimmunogenic conditions.
CCK-B Receptor Antagonist 2, compound 15b, is a potent and orally active Gastrin/CCK-B antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.43 nM. CCK-B Receptor Antagonist 2 also inhibits gastrin/CCK-A activity with an IC50 of 1.82 μM[1].
E6446 is a potent and orally acitve TLR7 and TLR9 antagonist, used in the research of deleterious inflammatory responses.
Ceramides Mixture is an endogenous ceramide and consists of hydroxy and non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing ceramides. Ceramides Mixture is a main lipid component of the permeability barrier in epidermis. Ceramides Mixture is involved in the regulation of growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and modulation of telomerase activity[1][2].
Amylin, amide, human, a 37-amino acid polypeptide, is a pancreatic hormone cosecreted with insulin that exerts unique roles in metabolism and glucose homeostasis.
AMG-1694 is a potent glucokinase–glucokinase regulatory protein (GK-GKRP) disruptors and promotes the dissociation of the GK-GKRP complex with an IC50 of 7 nM, indirectly increasing GK enzymatic activity. AMG-1694 potently reverses the inhibitory effect of GKRP on GK activity and promotes GK translocation. AMG-1694 normalizes blood glucose levels in several rodent models of diabetes and lowes blood glucose restricted to diabetic and not normoglycaemic animals[1].
GSK2033 is a LXR antagonist with pIC50s of 7 and 7.4 for LXRα or LXRβ, respectively.
1,5-Anhydrosorbitol-13C is the 13C labeled 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol. 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic cont[1][2].
FR194738 is a squalene epoxidase inhibitor. FR194738 inhibits squalene epoxidase activity in HepG2 cell homogenates with an IC50 of 9.8 nM.
Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) diammonium is a STING activator and a global bacterial second messenger, which regulates biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in diverse bacterial species[1][2].
ERRγ agonist-2 is a potent and selective ERRγ inverse agonist with a Kd value of 6.5 μM. ERRγ agonist-2 inhibits the expression of hepcidin, fibrinogen and gluconeogenic genes. ERRγ agonist-2 has antimicrobial, anti-coagulant and antidiabetic activities[1].
MBX-2982 is a selective, orally-available G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) agonist.
β-Methylcrotonyl coenzyme A lithium is an intermediate in leucine metabolism and can be used as a substrate to study the specificity and kinetics of β-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase (MCCase)[1].
Glucagon hydrochloride (Porcine glucagon hydrochloride) is a peptide hormone, produced by pancreatic α-cells. Glucagon hydrochloride stimulates gluconeogenesis[1]. Glucagon hydrochloride decreases the activity of HNF-4[2]. Glucagon hydrochloride increases HNF4α phosphorylation[3].
Guanylin (mouse, rat), a petide, is composed of 15 amino acids. Guanylin (mouse, rat) is an activator of intestinal guanylate cyclase. Guanylin (mouse, rat) can be used for the research of diarrhea[1].
LG101506 is a selective and orally active RXR modulator with a Ki of 2.7 nM for RXRα. LG101506 can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes and cancer[1][2].
4-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanone is an endogenous metabolite.
L-Tryptophan-d8 (Tryptophan-d8) is the deuterium labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3[1].
Lovastatin-d3 hydroxy acid (Mevinolinic acid-d3) sodium is the deuterium labeled Lovastatin hydroxy acid sodium. Lovastatin hydroxy acid sodium (Mevinolinic acid sodium) is a highly potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki of 0.6 nM[1].
DBPR108 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable dipeptide-derived inhibitor of DPP4 with IC50 of 15 nM; no inhibition on DDP8 and DPP9.IC50 value: 15 nM [1]Target: DPP4 inhibitorDBPR108 is an IC50=15 nM DPP IV inhibitor displays a more than 3000-fold selectivity over DPP8 DPP9, FAP and DPP-II. TThe in vivo effects of DBPR108, including inhibition of plasma DPP-IV activity and suppression of blood glucose elevation, were also demonstrated. DBPR108 is a potent, selective, long-acting and safe DPP-IV inhibitor as a potential treatment of type 2 diabetesmellitus.
Tiglyl carnitine is found to be associated with celiac disease and mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency.
(S)-(+)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol is a drug used formetabolic regulation. (S)-(+)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol has the activity of inhibitinghuman P450 enzyme. (S)-(+) -n-3-benzylnirvanol can be used to study druginteractions during drug metabolism [1].
Hispolon, a polyphenol, can be isolated from Phellinus linteus. Hispolon possesses anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiviral, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities[1].
Kihadanin B is a citrus limonoid that can be purified from the peels of immature Citrus unshiu. Kihadanin B suppresses adipogenesis through repression of the Akt-FOXO1-PPARγ axis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[1].
Succinyl-Coenzyme A (Succinyl-CoA) sodium is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. Succinyl-Coenzyme A sodium can be converted to succinic acid and can also combines with glycine to form δ-ALA to synthesize porphyrins (heme). Succinyl-Coenzyme A sodium can be used in the study of metabolic, neurological and haematological abnormalities (such as porphyrias) caused by nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency (resulting in a deficiency in Succinyl-Coenzyme A synthesis)[1][2].
GLUT4 activator 1 (Compound 26b) is a potent glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation activator with an EC50 of 0.14 μM[1].
2-Methylcitric acid (Methylcitric acid) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. 2-Methylcitric acid accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias and acts as a marker metabolite. 2-Methylcitric acid markedly inhibits ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate[1].
L-Alanyl-L-glutamine, a glutamine dipeptide, is benefit for the antioxidant system, attenuating inflammation, and may modulate the heat shock protein (HSP) response in catabolic situations[1].
Tarazepide is a potent and specific CCK-A receptor antagonist.