DSP-2230 is a selective Nav1.7/Nav1.8 blocker[1][2].
SB-203186 hydrochloride is a potent and competitive 5-HT4 antagonist. SB-203186 hydrochloride antagonizes the 5-HT4 receptor-mediated relaxations of the carbachol-contracted rat isolated oesophagus against 5-HT with pKB values of 10.9 (rat oesophagus), 9.5 (guinea-pig ileum), and 9.0 (human colon) respectively[1][2][3].
4-Hydroxychalcone is a chalcone metabolite with anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. 4-Hydroxychalcone suppresses angiogenesis by suppression of growth factor pathway with no signs of cytotoxicity[1]. 4-Hydroxychalcone inhibits TNF-α induced NF-κB pathway activation and activates BMP signaling, reduces resistant hypertension (RH) by attenuating hyperaldosteronism and renal injury in mice[2].
Kisspeptin-10, rat is a potent vasoconstrictor and inhibitor of angiogenesis. Kisspeptin-10, rat is a ligand for the rodent kisspeptin receptor (KISS1, GPR54). Kisspeptin-10 reduces Methotrexate-induced reproductive toxicity as a potential antioxidant compound[1].
Homovanillyl alcohol is a biological metabolite of Hydroxytyrosol. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic compound that is present in virgin olive oil (VOO) and wine. Homovanillyl alcohol protects red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative injury and has protective effect on cardiovascular disease[1][2].
Norepinephrine hydrochloride is a β1-selective adrenergic receptor agonist with EC50 of 5.37 μM.
Dexrazoxane monohydrochloride is the hydrochloride of Dexrazoxane (HY-B0581). Dexrazoxane prevents or reduces cardiac injury[1].
Arenobufagin 3-hemisuberate is a natural compound as a cardiotonic steroid isolated from the skin of Japanese toad[1].
Dibutyryl-cGMP sodium (Bt2cGMP sodium) is a cell-permeable cGMP analogue. Dibutyryl-cGMP sodium preferentially activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Dibutyryl-cGMP sodium inhibits the release of [3H]-arachidonic acid from γ thrombin-stimulated human platelets. Dibutyryl-cGMP sodium induces peripheral antinociception via activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels[1][2][3].
Dimethyl lithospermate B (dmLSB) is a selective Na+ channel agonist. Dimethyl lithospermate B slows inactivation of sodium current (INa), leading to increased inward current during the early phases of the action potential (AP)[1][2].
AM 92016 (hydrochloride) is a specific IK inhibitor. AM 92016 (hydrochloride) delays rectifier potassium channel (IK), repolarizes the membrane thereby restricting the duration of the nerve impulse. AM 92016 (hydrochloride) prolongs cardiac action potential duration in guinea-pig and rabbit isolated ventricular cells with an IC50 of 30 nM[1].
Rodatristat ethyl (KAR5585) is an orally active tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) inhibitor with nanomolar in vitro potency. Rodatristat ethyl reduces the level of 5-HT and significantly reduces pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)[1][2].
GR 144053 trihydrochloride is a selective and non-peptic GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor (IC50=37 nM)[1].
LCKLSL is a N-terminal hexapeptide and a competitive annexin A2 (AnxA2) inhibitor. LCKLSL potently inhibits the binding of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to AnxA2. LCKLSL also inhibits the generation of plasmin and has anti-angiogenic roles[1].
Lys-Bradykinin, a kind of kallidin and bradykinin receptor ligand, can be generated by kininogen protein through enzymatic cleavage by the protease kallikrein. Lys-Bradykinin, also a vasodilator, can widen blood vessels and increase blood flow. Lys-Bradykinin involves in vascular regulation, inflammation and pain sensation[1].
Angiotensin I/II 1-6 contains the amino acids 1-6 and is converted from Angiotensin I/II peptide. Angiotensin I is formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen. Angiotensin II is produced from angiotensin I. Angiotensin II has been investigated for the treatment, basic science, and diagnostic of Hypertension, Renin Angiotensin System, and Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy[1][2][3].
Lanatoside C is a cardiac glycoside, can be used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia.Lanatoside C has an IC50 of 0.19 μM for dengue virus infection in HuH-7 cells. Target:in vitro: Dose-dependent reduction in dengue viral RNA and viral proteins synthesis were also observed upon treatment with increasing concentrations of Lanatoside C. Time of addition study indicated that Lanatoside C inhibits the early processes of the dengue virus replication cycle. Furthermore, Lanatoside C can effectively inhibit all four serotypes of dengue virus, flavivirus Kunjin, alphavirus Chikungunya and Sindbis virus as well as the human enterovirus 71. Lanatoside C possesses broad spectrum antiviral activity against several groups of positive-sense RNA viruses. [2]
Enalkiren (A-64662) is a potent dipeptide renin inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.78 nM in a purified renal renin-angiotensinogen system (pH=6.0). Enalkiren suppresses renin activity, and also reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Enalkiren can be used to research essential hypertension[1][2].
Nimodipine(Nimotop) is a dihydropyridine derivative and an analogue of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine, with antihypertensive activity.Nimodipine decreases intracellular free Ca2+,Beclin-1 and autophagy.Target: Calcium ChannelNimodipine is main use is in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm and resultant ischemia, a complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (a form of cerebral bleed), specifically from ruptured intracranial berry aneurysms irrespective of the patient's post-ictus neurological condition. Its administration begins within 4 days of a subarachnoid hemorrhage and is continued for three weeks. If blood pressure drops by over 5%, dosage is adjusted. There is still controversy regarding the use of intravenous nimodipine on a routine basis [1, 2].
7β-Hydroxycholesterol is an oxysterol that derived by the oxidation of cholesterol. 7β-hydroxycholesterol is a powerful inducer of oxidative stress, inducing dysfunction of organelles (mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes) that can cause cell death[1].
Adamtsostatin 4 is an anti-angiogenic peptide. Adamtsostatin 4 can be used for the research of anti-angiogenic[1].
ethyl ester of Dabigatran, which is an emerging oral anticoagulant which is a direct inhibitor of thrombin activity. IC50 value:Target: thrombinDabigatran provides a stable anticoagulation effect without any need to perform periodical laboratory controls. Of note, there is a growing amount of clinical evidence which shows its safety and efficacy. For these reasons, Dabigatran may suppose a revolution in oral anticoagulation. Dabigatran etexilate was rapidly converted to Dabigatran, with peak plasma dabigatran concentrations being attained after approximately 1.5 h; the bioavailability of Dabigatran after p.o. administration of Dabigatran etexilate was 7.2%.
Ombrabulin is a derivative of CA-4 phosphate, which is known to exhibit antivascular effects through selective disruption of the tubulin cytoskeleton of endothelial cells.
Zinterol (MJ 9184) is a potent and selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist[1]. Zinterol increases ICa in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 of 2.2 nM[2].
Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].
Omapatrilat is a dual inhibitor of the metalloproteases ACE and NEP with Ki values of 0.64 and 0.45 nM, respectively.
Uridine triphosphate trisodium salt is a nucleotide that regulates the functions of the pancreas in endocrine and exocrine secretion, proliferation, channels, transporters, and intracellular signaling under normal and disease states[1].
Methyldopa is an alpha-adrenergic agonist (selective for α2-adrenergic receptors) psychoactive drug used as a sympatholytic or antihypertensive.Target: alpha-adrenergic agonistMethyldopa is an alpha-adrenergic agonist (selective for α2-adrenergic receptors) psychoactive drug used as a sympatholytic or antihypertensive. Its use is now mostly deprecated following the introduction of alternative safer classes of agents. However, it continues to have a role in otherwise difficult to treat hypertension and gestational hypertension (also known as pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)).Methyldopa has a dual mechanism of action. It is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme DOPA decarboxylase, also known as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, which converts L-DOPA into dopamine. Dopamine is a precursor for norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and subsequently epinephrine (adrenaline). This inhibition results in reduced dopaminergic and adrenergic neurotransmission in the peripheral nervous system. This effect may lower blood pressure and cause central nervous system effects such as depression, anxiety, apathy, anhedonia, and parkinsonism. It is converted to α-methylnorepinephrine by dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). α-methylnorepinephrine is an agonist of presynaptic central nervous system α2-adrenergic receptors. Activation of these receptors in the brainstem appears to inhibit sympathetic nervous system output and lower blood pressure. This is also the mechanism of action of clonidine.
Ambrisentan is a selective ET type A receptor (ETAR) antagonist.
Lobetyolinin shows anti-arrhythmic activity[1].