Revefenacin (TD-4208; GSK1160724) is a potent mAChR antagonist; has a high affinity on M3 receptor with a Ki of 0.18 nM
Clozapine N-oxide dihydrochloride is a major metabolite of Clozapine and a human muscarinic designer receptors (DREADDs) agonist. Clozapine N-oxide dihydrochloride specifically activates the DREADD receptor hM3Dq. Clozapine N-oxide dihydrochloride can cross the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. Clozapine is a potent dopamine antagonist and also a potent and selective muscarinic M4 receptor (EC50=11 nM) agonist[4][5].
Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) is a potent amyloid β (Aβ) inhibitor. Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) increases the expression of acetylcholine (ACh) levels, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and ChAT gene induced by Aβ (1-42). Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) decreases in acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity and AChE gene expression induced by Aβ (1-42). Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) increases muscarinic M1 receptor gene expression and muscarinic M1 receptor binding activity. Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) can be used for Alzheimer's disease research[1].
Ipratropium Bromide is a muscarinic antagonist, bronchodilator, N-Isopropyl salt of atropine.Target: mAChRIpratropium bromide, a nonselective muscarinic antagonist, is widely prescribed for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In anaesthetised guinea-pigs, bronchoconstriction induced by vagal nerve stimulation was potentiated by low doses of the antimuscarinic bronchodilator drug, ipratropium (0.01-1.0 ?g/kg); the maximum effect was obtained with 1.0 ?g/kg which doubled the bronchoconstriction. When the dose was increased above 1.0 ?g/kg potentiation no longer occurred; instead the vagally induced bronchoconstriction was antagonized [1, 2].
Eucatropine is a potent muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.583 μM. Eucatropine is an anticholinergic agent[1].
Trihexyphenidyl is a potent and selective M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist. Trihexyphenidyl shows anticholinergic activity, and can be used for Parkinson syndrome or dystonia research[1][2].
Propantheline is an orally active mAChR antagonist. Propantheline can be used in the research of smooth muscle dysfunction, excessive sweating, cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestines or bladder, and involuntary urination[1][2][3].
Dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate, a Wagerlin-1-mimicking peptide, is a mAChR antagonist. Dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate can induce muscle relaxation[1].
Anagyrine is an alkaloid that has been found in L. albus and has nematocidal and anticancer activities[1].It binds to muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) with IC50 values of 132 and 2096 µM respectively[2].
M1/M4 muscarinic agonist 3 (compound 44) is a muscarinic mAChR M1/M4 agonist with EC50s of 31 nM and 9.3 nM, respectively[1].
Parapenzolate bromide, an antispasmodic, is an orally active mAChR antagonist. Parapenzolate bromide is an anticholinergic agent[1][2].
Irsogladine is a PDE4 inhibitor and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binder.Target: PDE4; mACHRIrsogladine treatment (300 and 500 mg/kg/day) resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of angiogenesis in wild-type mice by 21 and 45.3% (P < 0.02, P < 0.001), in tPA-deficient mice by 42.6 and 46% (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and in uPA-deficient mice by 27.2 and 46% (P < 0.05, p < 0.001), respectively. Irsogladine inhibits bFGF-induced angiogenesis in wild-type, tPA-knockout, and uPA-knockout mice [1]. Irsogladine up-regulates GJIC between PC cells via regulation of the PKA pathway. It also suggests a useful adjuvant of Irsogladine to pancreatic cancer therapy [2]. irsogladine produces the increase of intracellular cAMP content via non-selective inhibition of PDE isozymes, which may be a key mechanism involved in its gastroprotective actions [3].
Oxyphenonium bromide is an antiacetylcholine compound. Oxyphenonium bromide is an antagonist of mAChR. Oxyphenonium bromide protects against the bronchial obstructive effects[1][2][3].
WIN 64338 hydrochloride is a potent, selective, nonpeptide competitive antagonist of bradykinin B2 receptor. WIN 64338 hydrochloride inhibits [3H]-Bradykinin binding to the bradykinin B2 receptor on human IMR-90 cells with a Ki of 64 nM. WIN 64338 hydrochloride also can inhibits [3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to the rat brain muscarinic receptor (Ki=350 nM)[1][2].
VU0238441 is a pan muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with EC50s of 3.2 μM, 2.8 μM, 2.2 μM, 2.1 μM, >10 μM for M1, M2, M3, M5 and M4, respectively[1][2].
(S)-(+)-Dimethindene maleate, an enantiomer, is a potent M2-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist (pA2 = 7.86/7.74; pKi = 7.78). (S)-(+)-Dimethindene maleate shows lower affinities for the muscarinic M1 (pA2 = 6.83/6.36; pKi = 7.08), the M3 (pA2 = 6.92/6.96; pKi = 6.70) and the M4 receptors (pKi = 7.00), respectively. (S)-(+)-Dimethindene maleate also is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist (pA2 = 7.8)[1].
Scopolamine N-oxide hydrobromide is an antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine.
Sabcomeline (SB-202026) is a potent and functionally selective muscarinic M1 receptor partial agonist that improve cognition. Sabcomeline can be used for Alzheimer's disease research[1][2].
Elucaine is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist with anti-ulcerative activity.
Anisodamine is an anticholinergic and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acute circulatory shock, is also a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid found in some plants of the Solanaceae family.
VU6005806 (AZN-00016130) is a potent muscarnic acethylcholine receptor subtype 4 (M4) positive allosteric modulator (PAM), with EC50s of 94 nM, 28 nM, 87 nM and 68 nM for human, rat, dog and cyno M4, respectively. Used in the research of neuropsychiatric disorders[1].
CDDD3602 is a soft anticholinergics.
Navafenterol (AZD-8871) saccharinate is an inhaled dual-acting, potent, selective, and long-lasting M3-antagonist/β2-agonist (MABA) with long-lasting effects and favorable safety profile. The pIC50 is 9.5 for human M3 receptor, and the pEC50 is 9.5 for β2-adrenoceptor. Navafenterol saccharinate can be used for the research of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bronchoprotective and antisialagogue effects. Favorable cardiovascular profile[1].
Otenzepad (AF-DX 116) is a selective and competitive M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, with IC50 values of 640 nM and 386 nM for rabbit peripheral lung and rat heart, respectively[1].
Muscarine ((+)-Muscarine) is a toxin that can stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. Muscarine is an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)[1][2].
N-Desethyloxybutynin hydrochloride is an active metabolite of Oxybutynin. N-Desethyloxybutynin hydrochloride binds to mAChRs in isolated? human bladder and human parotid gland with pKi values of 8.2 and 8.7, respectively[1].
Tropicamide-d3 is the deuterium labeled Tropicamide[1]. Tropicamide (Ro 1-7683) is a selective M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Tropicamide produces short acting mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia when applied as eye drops[2][3].
Carbamoylcholine chloride is used to study responses mediated by nAChR and mAChR, including smooth muscle contraction, gut motility, and neuronal signaling.IC50 value: 10 to 10,000 nM (Ki)Target: nAChR, mAChRCarbamoylcholine is an analog of acetylcholine that activates acetylcholine receptors (AChR). Carbamoylcholine is an agonist of both nicotinic (nAChR) and muscarinic (mAChR) receptors, with reported Ki values ranging from 10 to 10,000 nM for different receptors and different preparations.
Methacholine (Acetyl-β-methylcholine) bromide is a potent muscarinic-3 (M3) agonist. Methacholine bromide acts directly on acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle causing bronchoconstriction and airway narrowing. Methacholine bromide shows a high sensitivity to identify bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Methacholine bromide can be used to measure airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) as a diagnostic aid in the assessment of individuals with asthma-like symptoms and normal resting expiratory flow rates[1][2][3][4].
Anisotropine methobromide is an orally active anticholinergic muscarinic antagonist. Anisotropine methobromide can inhibit gastric acid secretion and is used as an adjunct to peptic ulcers[1].