Z-Phe-Ala-diazomethylketone binds directly to Aβ42 monomers and small oligomers. Z-Phe-Ala-diazomethylketone inhibits the formation of Aβ42 dodecamers and inhibits Aβ42 fibril formation in the solution. Z-Phe-Ala-diazomethylketone has the potential for neurodegenerative disorders research[1].
Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-4 is an orally active xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor. Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-4 has inhibitory activity against XOR with an IC50 value of 29.3 nM. Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-4 can be used for the research of hyperuricemia[1].
GSK256066 is a selective PDE4B(equal affinity to isoforms A-D) inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2 pM, >380,000-fold selectivity versus PDE1/2/3/5/6 and >2500-fold selectivity against PDE4B versus PDE7.IC50 value: 3.2 pM [1]Target: PDE4Bin vitro: GSK256066 is a slow and tight binding inhibitor of PDE4B with apparent IC50 of 3.2 pM. GSK256066 is an extremely potent inhibitor of LPS-stimulated TNFα production in PBMCs with pIC50 of 11.0 and IC50 of 10 pM and human whole-blood cultures with pIC50 of 9.90 and IC50 of 126 pM. GSK256066 is highly selective for PDE4 (>3.8 × 105-fold versus PDE1, PDE2, PDE3, PDE5, and PDE6 and >2.5 × 103-fold against PDE7). GSK256066 inhibits PDE4 isoforms A-D with equal affinity [1].in vivo: GSK256066 inhibits the LPS-induced pulmonary neutrophilia with an ED50 of 1.1 μg/kg, achieving maximal inhibition of 72% at 30 μg/kg when given in the aqueous suspension. GSK256066 inhibits the LPS-induced pulmonary neutrophilia with ED50 of 2.9 μg/kg, achieving maximal inhibition of 62% when given in the dry powder formulation. GSK256066 shows a moderate plasma clearance of 39 ml/min/kg, a moderate volume of distribution of 0.8 L/kg, and a relatively short half-life of 1.1 hour in the male CD rat [1]. GSK256066 sustains at a high lung concentration of 2.6 μg/g after intra-tracheal administration as an aqueous suspension at a dose of 30 μg/kg in rats [2]. GSK256066 (10 μg/kg) is administered intratracheally at different times (2, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 hours) before LPS administration, inhibiting LPS-Induced Pulmonary Neutrophilia in rat lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced models of acute pulmonary inflammation. GSK256066 (0.3–100 μg/kg) inhibits LPS-induced increases in exhaled nitric oxide with ED50 of 35 μg/kg in rat. GSK256066 (10 μg/kg) is administered half a hour before OVA administration in rat, inhibiting OVA-induced pulmonary eosinophilia with ED50 of 0.4 μg/kg. GSK256066 administered intratracheally as a dry powder blended in respiratory-grade lactose at doses of 3 to 100 μg/kg 2 hours before inhaled LPS challenge in ferrets, inhibiting LPS-induced pulmonary neutrophilia with ED50 of 18 μg/kg without inducing emetic episodes [3].
Elamipretide is a cardiolipin peroxidase inhibitor and mitochondria-targeting peptide.
Gedunin is a limonoid with anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities. Gedunin acts as a potent Hsp90 inhibitor and induces the degradation of Hsp90-dependent client proteins. Geduni may obstructs the entry of SARS-CoV-2 virus into human host cells and can be used for COVID-19 research[3].
Tilorone dihydrochloride is the first recognized synthetic, small molecular weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, used as an antiviral drug.
3α-Aminocholestane is a selective SH2 domain-containing inositol-5′-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) inhibitor with an IC50 of ~2.5 μM.
APPA is an aldose reductase inhibitor. APPA can effectively prevent apoptosis and the symptoms of Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-induced diabetes by inhibiting the polyol pathway in rats. APPA has the potential for diabetic nephropathy (DN) research[1].
INCB13739 is an orally active, potent, selective and tissue-specific11β-HSD1 (11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 3.2 nM (11β-HSD1 enzymatic) and 1.1 nM (11β-HSD1 PBMC), respectively. INCB13739 can be used for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity research[1].
4-Chlorocinnamic acid has inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. 4-Chlorocinnamic acid has antibacterial activity. 4-Chlorocinnamic acid also inhibits Colletotrichum gloeosporioides growth[1][2][3].
Kallikrein-IN-2 (compound 1) is a Kallikrein inhibitor[1].
Tos-Gly-Pro-Lys-AMC is a fluorogenic peptide substrate of tryptase[1].
4-Butylresorcinol is a phenol derivative which can inhibit tyrosinase with IC50 of 11.27 μM.
PDE5-IN-9 (Compound 59) is a PDE5 inhibitor (IC50: 11.2 μM). PDE5-IN-9 shows interaction with Gln 817, Tyr 612, and Ala 767 amino acid residues. PDE5-IN-9 can be used for research of cardiovascular disease[1].
LY315920 (Varespladib) is a potent and selective human non-pancreatic secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA) inhibitor with IC50 of 7 nM.IC50 value: 7 nMTarget: sPLA2in vitro: LY315920 exhibits the significant inhibitory effect on sPLA2 activity in serum from various species including rat, rabbit, guinea pig and human with IC50 of 8.1 nM, 5.0 nM, 3.2 nM and 6.2 nM, respectively. [2] In BAL cells challenged with human sPLA2, LY315920 at doses ranging from 0.1 μM–3 μM reduces the formation of thromboxane mediated by human sPLA2 in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of approximately 0.8 μM. [2] In human conjunctival epithelial cell line (HCjE), LY315920 (10 μM) significantly inhibits all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) -induced membrane-associated mucin MUC16 expression by 100% at 24 hours and 99% at 48 hours. [3]in vivo: Ex vivo, LY315920 at doses ranging from 3 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg via i.v. inhibits human sPLA2-induced release of thromboxane from guinea pig BAL cells with ED50 of 16.1 mg/kg. [2] In Transgenic Mice Expressing Human sPLA2, both oral and i.v. administration of LY315920 (0.3 mg/kg–3 mg/kg) abolishes serum sPLA2 activity in a dose and time dependent manner. [2]
TEPP-46 is a potent and selective pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activator with an AC50 of 92 nM, showing little or no effect on PKM1, PKL and PKR.
Desoxyrhaponticin is a stilbene glycoside from the Tibetan nutritional food Rheum tanguticum Maxim. Desoxyrhaponticin is a Fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitor, and has apoptotic effect on human cancer cells[1].
Pentamidine (MP-601205) dimesylate is an antimicrobial agent and interferes with DNA biosynthetics. Pentamidine dimesylate inhibits parasite Leishmania infantum with an IC50 of 2.5 μM. Pentamidine dimesylate is a potent and selective protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) and phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) inhibitor. Pentamidine dimesylate has the potential for Gambian trypanosomiasis, antimony-resistant leishmaniasis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treatment. Antitumor and antibacterial activities[1][2][3][4].
SPK-601(LMV-601) is a potent phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) inhibitor; SPK-601 is useful antimicrobial agent.IC50 value:Target: PC-PLC
Lumigen APS-5 is a substrate of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Lumigen APS-5 can be used to assess the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)[1].
Mutant IDH1-IN-2 is a inhibitor of mutant Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) proteins, with IC50 of in LS-MS biochemical assay, IC50 of 16.6 nM in Fluorescence biochemical assay.Target: Mutant IDH1Mutant IDH1-IN-2 has a neomorphic activity and in the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with such mutant IDH proteins including, but not limited to, cell-proliferation disorders, such as cancer. More bioactivity information in Patent WO 2013046136A1 (Example 224).
GCN2-IN-1 is a potent general control nonderepressible 2 kinase (GCN2) inhibitor with IC50s of <0.3 μM in the enzyme and cell assay.
MAGL-IN-6 is a potent MAGL inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.71 nM. MAGL-IN-6 can be used for neurological disorders research (WO2020065613A1; example 234)[1].
15-LOX-1 inhibitor 1 is a potent inhibitor of 15-LOX-1 (15-lipoxygenase-1) with an IC50 value of 0.19 μM. 15-LOX-1 inhibitor 1 protects macrophages from lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxicity. 15-LOX-1 inhibitor 1 inhibits NO formation and lipid peroxidation[1].
Tosedostat-d5 (CHR-2797-d5) is the deuterium labeled Tosedostat. Tosedostat (CHR-2797) is an orally active aminopeptidase inhibitor. CHR-2797 exerts antiproliferative effects against a range of tumor cell lines[1][2].
Topiramate D12 (McN 4853 D12) is a deuterium labeled Topiramate. Topiramate is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic agent. Topiramate is a GluR5 receptor antagonist. Topiramate produces its antiepileptic effects through enhancement of GABAergic activity, inhibition of kainate/AMPA receptors, inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium and calcium channels, increases in potassium conductance, and inhibition of carbonic anhydrase[1][2][3].
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
hCAII-IN-8, an amide, is a highly selective carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.18 μM against hCA II[1].
SCD1 inhibitor-1 is a potent and liver-selective stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) inhibitor[1].
Caffeoyltryptophan is a competitive PTP1B inhibitor, with an IC50 of 16.99 μM. Caffeoyltryptophan can also inhibit α-glucosidase, linoleic acid peroxidation and haemolysis. Caffeoyltryptophan can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes[1].