Xenopus orexin A is a neuropeptides that identified as an endogenous ligands for an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor. Xenopus orexin A is a potent agonist of OX1R[1]
Xenopus orexin B is a neuropeptides that identified as an endogenous ligands for an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor. Xenopus orexin B is a potent agonist of OX2R[1].
SB408124 is a non-peptide antagonist for OX1 receptor with Ki of 57 nM and 27 nM in both whole cell and membrane, respectively; exhibits 50-fold selectivity over OX2 receptor.IC50 Value: 57 nM(Ki)Target: OX1 Receptorin vitro: SB-408124 binds hypocretin type 1 receptor (HcrtR1) with pKi values of 7.57. Calcium mobilization studies shows that SB-408124 is a functional antagonist of the OX1 receptor with a affinity of approximately 50-fold selectivity over the OX2 receptor. A recent study indicates that pretreatment of primary cultures of rat astrocytes with SB-401824 before Orexin A administration significantly reduced the stimulatory action of Orexin A on both basal and forskolin-acivated cAMP production.in vivo: SB-408124 (30 μg/10 μL, administered intracerebroventricularly) decreases Orexin-A induced water intake in Wistar rats. Intracerebroventricularly administered Orexin-A (30 μg/10 μL) blocks the vasopressin (VP) level increase induced by either histamine or 2.5% NaCl administration, and this blocking effect is moderated by pretreatment with SB-408124. Intracerebroventricular pretreatment with SB-408124 (50 mM, 5 μL/h) prevents Bicuculline (BIC)-induced increases in endogenous glucose production (EGP).
TCS 1102 is a potent, dual orexin receptor antagonist (Ki values are 0.2 and 3 nM for OX2 and OX1 receptors respectively).IC50 value: 0.2 nM (Ki, OX2 receptor); 3 nM (Ki, OX1 receptor) [1]Target: OX2 and OX1 receptorTCS-1102 (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) were found to decrease fear and anxiety in rats 14 days after exposure to footshock.Furthermore, TCS-1102 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was found to have anxiolytic effects that were specific for HR when tested in the elevated T-maze. [2]
RTIOXA-43 is a orexin receptor agonist with EC50s of 24 nM and 24 nM for OX2 and OX1 receptors, respectively[1].
MK-1064 is a selective orexin 2 receptor antagonist (2-SORA) for the research of insomnia.target: 2-SORA [1]In vivo: MK-1064 promotes sleep and increases both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep in rats at OX2R occupancies higher than the range observed for dual orexin receptor antagonists. MK-1064 increases NREM and REM sleep in dogs without inducing cataplexy. The reference for animal administration is 30 mg/kg. [2]
SB-674042 is a potent and selective non-peptide orexin OX1 receptor antagonist (Kd = 3.76 nM); exhibits 100-fold selectivity for OX1 over OX2 receptors.IC50 value: 3.76 nM (Kd)Target: OX1 receptorSB-674042 has no effect at serotonergic, dopaminergic, adrenergic or purinergic receptors. Inhibits orexin 1-induced Ca2+ mobilization in CHO-DG44 cells stably transfected with the OX1 receptor.
ACT-462206 is an orally active and potent dual Orexin 1/Orexin 2 receptor antagonist with IC50s of 60 nM (Orexin 1) and 11 nM (Orexin 2), respectively. ACT-462206 exhibits brain penetration properties, and can be used for insomnia, stress/anxiety-related disorders and addiction research[1].
SB408124 Hcl is a non-peptide antagonist for OX1 receptor with Ki of 57 nM and 27 nM in both whole cell and membrane, respectively; exhibits 50-fold selectivity over OX2 receptor.IC50 Value: 57 nM(Ki)Target: OX1 Receptorin vitro: SB-408124 binds hypocretin type 1 receptor (HcrtR1) with pKi values of 7.57. Calcium mobilization studies shows that SB-408124 is a functional antagonist of the OX1 receptor with a affinity of approximately 50-fold selectivity over the OX2 receptor. A recent study indicates that pretreatment of primary cultures of rat astrocytes with SB-401824 before Orexin A administration significantly reduced the stimulatory action of Orexin A on both basal and forskolin-acivated cAMP production.in vivo: SB-408124 (30 μg/10 μL, administered intracerebroventricularly) decreases Orexin-A induced water intake in Wistar rats. Intracerebroventricularly administered Orexin-A (30 μg/10 μL) blocks the vasopressin (VP) level increase induced by either histamine or 2.5% NaCl administration, and this blocking effect is moderated by pretreatment with SB-408124. Intracerebroventricular pretreatment with SB-408124 (50 mM, 5 μL/h) prevents Bicuculline (BIC)-induced increases in endogenous glucose production (EGP).
Orexin 2 Receptor Agonist is a potent (EC50 on OX2R is 23 nM) and OX2R-selective (OX1R/OX2R EC50 ratio is 70) agonist.IC50 value: 23 nM (EC50)Target: Orexin 2 ReceptorOrexin 2 Receptor Agonist shows not only potentactivity but also high selectivity for OX2R over OX1R. In CHO cells overexpressing hOX1R and HEK-293 cells overexpressing hOX2R, compound 26 displaced [125I]orexin-A in a concentration dependent manner: 26 bound to hOX2R and hOX1R with Ki of 0.14 and 0.77 μM, respectively.[1]
SB-334867 is a selective non-peptide orexin OX1 receptor antagonist with a pKb value of 7.2.IC50 value: 7.2 (pKb) [1]Target: orexin OX1 receptor in vitro: SB-334867-A inhibited the orexin-A (10 nM) and orexin-B (100 nM)-induced calcium responses (pK(B)=7.27+/-0.04 and 7.23+/-0.03 respectively, n=8), but had no effect on the UTP (3 microM)-induced calcium response in CHO-OX(1) cells. SB-334867-A (10 microM) also inhibited OX(2) mediated calcium responses (32.7+/-1.9% versus orexin-A) [1].in vivo: Single-unit recordings in anesthetized rats demonstrated the central effects of the selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 (2 mg/kg, intravenous), as it reversed the excitatory effects of orexin-A administration (6 microg, intracerebroventricular) on the activity of locus coeruleus (LC) cells [2]. The ICV injection of SB-334867 alone had no effect on the formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors. Pre-treatment with SB-334867 at a dose of 0.5 nmol significantly attenuated the analgesia induced by morphine (at dose 1.5mg/kg of morphine; interphase and phase 2B and at dose 3mg/kg of morphine just phase 2B of formalin test) [3]. Administered alone, SB-334867 (30 mg/kg, but not lower doses) significantly reduced food intake and most active behaviours (eating, grooming, sniffing, locomotion and rearing), while increasing resting. Pretreatment with SB-334867 dose-dependently blocked these effects of orexin-A, with significant antagonism evident at dose levels (3-10 mg/kg) below those required to produce intrinsic behavioural effects under present test conditions in rats [4].Toxicity: Acute systemic treatment with the selective orexin-1 (OX1R) antagonist SB-334867 reduces food intake in rats, an effect associated with an acceleration in behavioural satiety and unrelated to gross behavioural disruption, alterations in palatability, or toxicity.
GSK1059865 is a potent orexin 1 receptor antagonist.
Cudarolimab (IBI101) is a completely human anti-OX40 (CD134, a co stimulating molecule expressed by activated immune cells) antibody. Cudarolimab inhibits the binding of OX40 to its ligand OX40L. Cudarolimab has antitumor activity and can be used in cancer related research[1].
Firazorexton hydrate (TAK-994) is a potent, brain-penetrant, and orally active orexin type 2 receptor (OX2R) agonist (EC50: 19 nM). Firazorexton hydrate inhibits fragmentation of wakefulness and cataplexy-like episodes in mouse models of narcolepsy[1].
EMPA is a high-affinity, reversible and selective orexin OX2 receptor antagonist. [3H]EMPA binds to human and rat OX2-HEK293 membranes with KD values of 1.1 and 1.4 nM respectively[1].
TCS-OX2-29 is a potent and selective OX2 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 40 nM. Displays >250-fold selectivity for OX2 over OX1.target: OX2 IC 50: 40 nMIn vitro:TCS-OX2-29 shows selectivity for ion channels, and transporters (<30% inhibition at 10 μM), which includes G-protein coupled receptors associated with food intake including galanin and neuripeptide Y. [1]TCS-OX2-29 Inhibits orexin A induced IP3 accumulation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in CHO cells transfected with the OX2 receptor. [2]
(2R,3R)-Firazorexton ((2R,3R)-TAK-994 free base) is an isomer of Firazorexton (HY-137440). Firazorexton is an orally active, brain-penetrating orexin type 2 receptor (OX2R) agonist that may improve narcolepsy-like symptoms[1]..
Vornorexant (ORN-0829; TS-142) is a potent dual OX1R and OX2R antagonist with IC50 values of 1.05 nM and 1.27 nM, respectively. Vornorexant exhibits potent sleep-promoting effects in vivo and can be used for insomnia treatment research[1].