Piperlonguminine is an alkaloid amide isolated from the Piper species. Piperlonguminine shows various biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, anti-platelet, anti-melanogenic, antifungal and antibacterial activities[1][2][3][4].
Chlorothalonil is a broad spectrum fungicide and is effective in protecting plants against fungal diseases caused mainly by Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani. Chlorothalonil is used for controlling of fungal foliar diseases of vegetables and crops[1][2].
Propiconazole-d7 is the deuterium labeled Propiconazole. Propiconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide that inhibits the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, leading to fungal cell membrane disruption. Propiconazole inhibits S. cerevisiae, but not rat liver, microsomal cytochrome P450 (IC50s=0.04 and >200 µM, respectively). Propiconazole inhibits the growth of T. deformans and R. stolonifer (ED50s=0.073 and 4.6 µg/mL, respectively). Propiconazole increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)[1].
Pyrrolnitrin is an antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia. Pyrrolnitrin shows a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity against fungi, yeast and gram-positive bacteria[1].
Proanthocyanidins are a class of polyphenols with antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities, which can be used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, capillary fragility, sunburn and retinopathy.
Toonaciliatin M (compound 6) is a pmaradiene-type diterpenoid that can be isolated from Toona ciliate. Toonaciliatin M show antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum with an MIC value of 12.5 µg/mL[1].
Undecanoic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled Undecanoic acid. Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1].
Chitin synthase inhibitor 3 (compound 2d) is a potent chitin synthase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.16 mM, and MIC of 1 µg/mL against candida albicans. Antifungal activity[1].
Ys-II (Compound 1) is a spirostanol glycoside that can be isolated from the stem of Yucca elephantipe. Ys-II has antifungal activity against the growth of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans (IC50: 5 and 6 μg/mL respectively)[1].
Isosativan is a natural product that can be found in Trifolium hybridum. Isosativan shows antifungal activity[1].
Natamycin (pimaricin) is an antifungal macrolide polyene that binds to cell membrane sterols.Target: AntifungalNatamycin (INN), also known as pimaricin and sometimes sold as Natacyn, is a naturally occurring antifungal agent produced during fermentation by the bacterium Streptomyces natalensis, commonly found in soil. Natamycin has a very low solubility in water; however, natamycin is effective at very low levels. There is an MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of less than 10 ppm for most molds. Natamycin is classified as a macrolide polyene antifungal and, as a drug, is used to treat fungal keratitis. It is especially effective against Aspergillus and Fusarium corneal infections. Other common members of the polyene macrolide antifungal family are amphotericin B, nystatin, and filipin. Natamycin is also used in the food industry as a natural preservative.Natamycin is used to treat fungal infections, including Candida, Aspergillus, Cephalosporium, Fusarium and Penicillium. It is applied as a cream, in eyedrops, or (for oral infections) in a lozenge. Natamycin shows negligible absorption into the body when administered in these ways. When taken orally, little or none is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, making it inappropriate for systemic infections.
Micafungin (Mycamine; FK463) is an echinocandin antifungal drug which can inhibit 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase.
Amphotericin A is a potent antifungal antibiotic[1].
Latrunculin B, an antimicrobial marine alkaloid, is an actin polymerization inhibitor. Latrunculin B regulates pulmonary vein electrophysiological characteristics and attenuates stretch-induced arrhythmogenesis[1][2]. Antifungal and antiprotozoal activity.
Antifungal agent 2 is a broad-spectrum fungal inhibitor which inhibits growth of pertinent species of Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus at a concentration as low as 0.5 μg/mL.
Aszonapyrone A is a metabolite produced by Aspergillus zonatus[1].
Chitin synthase inhibitor 14 (compound 4n) is chitin synthase (CHS) inhibitor. Chitin synthase inhibitor 14 has antifungal activity while possessed the potency against drug-resistant fungal variants[1].
5-n-Heneicosylresorcinol (5-Heneicosylresorcinol) is an active n-alkyl(enyl)resorcinols (AR) occurring in cereal products from Colombia. Antifungal activity[1].
Metalaxyl is a fungicide that inhibits protein synthesis in fungi. Metalaxyl inhibits the growth of potato blight (P. infestans) fungal isolates from Serbian potato fields (EC50s = 0.3-3.9 μg/mL).
Spicamycin, an adenine nucleoside antibiotic with antifungal and antitumor activities. Spicamycin is also a potent inducer of differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. Spicamycin induces apoptosis in NB4 cells via down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and modulation of PML protein[1][2].
Liranaftate is a squalene epoxidase inhibitor with anti-fungicidal activities. Target: AntifungalLiranaftate showed excellent fungistatic activity against the conidia of T. rubrum. For each of these agents, the MIC after 14 days of contact was 0.009 g/ml. The liranaftate-induced decrease in the MCC occurred from 9 days onwards; MCC at 14 days was 0.039 g/ml [1]. In time-kill studies, liranaftate showed the greatest decrease to a below detection limit in viable counts of T rubrum. The degree of killing of the strain by amorolfine was not greater than that seen by liranaftate, and little reduction of the viable counts by luliconazole and ketoconazole was observed irrespective of concentrations of the agents [2].
Antibacterial agent 157 (compound B12) is a fungicidal agent. Antibacterial agent 157 can influence the protein synthesis of Botrytis cinerea. Antibacterial agent 157 can be used for gray mold resistance control research[1].
Butoconazole, an imidazole antifungal agent, is active against Candida spp. and effective against vaginal infections due to Candida albicans. Butoconazole is presumed to function as other imidazole derivatives via inhibition of steroid synthesis[1][2].
Triacetin-d5 is the deuterium labeled Triacetin. Triacetin is an artificial chemical compound, is the triester of glycerol and acetic acid, and is the second simplest fat after triformin.
Macrocarpal I is a phloroglucinol coupled sesquiterpenoid with antifungal activity. Macrocarpal I against C. glabrata with an IC50 value of 0.75 μg/mL. Macrocarpal I can be isolated from the juvenile leaves of E. maideni[1].
Azoxystrobin-d4 is deuterium labeled Azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.
Voxvoganan (LTX-109), a topical antimicrobial, is highly effective against S. aureus with a MIC range of 2 to 4 μg/mL. Voxvoganan can be used for the research of bacterial skin infections, fungal infections and nasal decolonisation of MRSA[1][2].
Fenhexamid, a botryticide, is a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor. Fenhexamid shows fungicide efficient against the plant pathogenic fungus Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea)[1].
Syringomycin E is an antifungal cyclic lipodepsinonapeptide. Syringomycin E exhibits growth inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through interaction with the plasma membrane. Syringomycin E causes K+ efflux, Ca2+ influx, and changes in membrane potential, and is related to channel formation[1][2].