Ledol ((+)-Ledol) is an antifungal agent that can be isolated from the essential oil fractions of Rhododendron tomentosum. Ledol is also the expectorant and antitussive agent, which is simultaneously responsible for adverse reactions such as dizziness, nausea and vomiting[1].
Nystatin A3, produced by Streptomyces noursei, a biologically active component of nystatin complex. Antibiotic activity[1]
Bifonazole is an imidazole antifungal drug.Target: AntifungalBifonazole, a new broad-spectrum antimycotic, interferes with sterol biosynthesis. In dermatophytes bifonazole additionally inhibits directly HMG-CoA-reductase. bifonazole possesses a sequential mode of action, namely inhibition of cytochrome P450-dependent C14-demethylation of sterols and direct inhibition of HMG-CoA-reductase. In vitro bifonazole shows a strongly pH-dependent efficacy. The uptake kinetics of bifonazole have been measured with different pathogens [1]. Bifonazole additionally leads to a generally decreased rate of sterol biosynthesis as compared to clotrimazole, due to a direct inhibition of microsomal HMG-CoA-reductase. The additional fungicidal effects of bifonazole are considered to originate from a sequential action by inhibition of HMG-CoA-reductase and of cytochrome P450 [2]. bifonazole were affected by choice of medium with Kimmig's agar generally giving the lowest MIC's. Bifonazole MICs were shown to vary with pH (maximal activity at pH 6 . 5) with selected yeasts when tested on Kimmig's agar [3].
Vibunazole is a new antifungal azole.
Haloprogin is a potent antifungal agent. Haloprogin has activity against dermatophytes, Candida spp and a limited number of Gram-positive bacteria[1].
Naftifine Hydrochloride is a synthetic, broad spectrum, antifungal agent.Target: AntifungalNaftifine exhibits an interesting in vitro spectrum of activity against dermatophytes (38 strains; minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range 0.1 to 0.2 mg/mL), aspergilli (6 strains; MIC range, 0.8 to 12.5 mg/mL), Sporothrix schenckii (2 strains; MICs, 0.8 and 1.5 mg/mL), and yeasts of the genus Candida (77 strains; MIC range, 1.5 to greater than 100 mg/mL) [1]. The MIC of naftifine for C. albicans Δ63 is 100 mg/L in Sabouraud medium (initial pH 6.5). Naftifine (50 mg/L) gives greater than 99% inhibition of sterol biosynthesis both in whole cells and in cell extracts of C. albicans. The primary action of naftifine appears to be the blocking of fungal squalene epoxidation [2].Naftifine HCl 2% cream results in clinical cure rate and clinical success rate of 33% and 84% after treatment for 4 weeks, and week 2 efficacy response rates in Naftifine HCl 2% subjects are all lower than at week 4 but are significantly higher than week 2 vehicle-treated counterparts [3]. Naftifine causes interruption of fungal ergosterol synthesis and accumulation of squalene in fungal organisms. Naftifine also has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties such as a reduction in superoxide production and a reduction in polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis/endothelial adhesion. Naftifine has shown good efficacy and safety for a variety of conditions and is a useful treatment that provides both antifungal action and relief of inflammatory signs and symptoms. Few adverse events have been noted with naftifine use, the most frequent being mild and transient burning, stinging, or itching in the application area [4].
Sulbentine is an antifungal.
Granilin, a sesquiterpene lactone, can be found in the flower buds of Carpesium triste. Granilin can be used as the bactericide and fungicide[1].
Neticonazole is an imidazole derivative and a potent and long-acting antifungal agent. Neticonazole is also an orally active exosome biogenesis and secretion inhibitor. Neticonazole has anti-infection and anti-cancer effects[1][2][3].
trans-Chalcone, isolated from Aronia melanocarpa skin, is a biphenolic core structure of flavonoids precursor. trans-Chalcone is a potent fatty acid synthase (FAS) and α-amylase inhibitor. trans-Chalcone causes cellcycle arrest and induces apoptosis in the breastcancer cell line MCF-7. trans-Chalcone has antifungal and anticancer activity[1][2][3].
Fosravuconazole is a prodrug of ravuconazole, with antifungal activity.
Boscalid is an anti-fungal agent. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor[1].
Tetramycin B (4-Hydroxytetramycin A) is a polyene macrolide antibiotic, an antifungal active compound isolated from Streptomyces hygrospinosus var. Beijingensis. The antifungal activity of Tetramycin B is higher than that of Tetramycin A, and the C-4 hydroxyl of Tetramycin B plays an important role in its biological activity[1].
Paclobutrazol is a triazole-containing plant growth retardant that is known to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins. Paclobutrazol also has antifungal activities. Paclobutrazol, transported acropetally in plants, can also suppress the synthesis of abscisic acid and induce chilling tolerance in plants.Paclobutrazol is typically used to support research on the role of gibberellins in plant biology.
Ferron (8-Hydroxy-7-iodo-5-quinolinesulfonic acid) has antiseptic and antifungal activity. Ferron can prevent skin and mucosa bacterial irritations and inflammations[1].
Antifungal agent 66 (compound 10) has antifungal activity. Antifungal agent 66 has a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against seven phytopathogenic fungal mycelia. Antifungal agent 66 has pronounced inhibitory activity against the spore of B. cinerea with an IC50 value of 47.7 μg/mL[1].
Pneumocandin B0(L-688786), a key intermediate in the synthesis of the antifungal agent, Cancidas, has led to the identification of several materials with potential for improved performance.
PC-766B is a macrolide antibiotic. PC-766B is active against Gram-positive bacteria, and some fungi and yeasts, but inactive against Gram-negative bacteria. PC-766B shows antitumor activity against murine tumor cells. PC-766B has weak inhibitory activity against Na+, K+-ATPase[1][2].
Isorhapontin is an antifungal agent. Isorhapontin inhibits the hydrolytic activity of Trichoderma cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) with a Ki of 57.2 μM. Isorhapontin also inhibits the activity of Trichoderma endoglucanase I[1][2].
A small-molecule inhibitor of the interaction of the C. glabrata Pdr1 activation domain with the C. glabrata Gal11A KIX domain with Ki of 18 uM; blocks Gal11/Med15 recruitment and inhibits Pdr1-dependent gene activation and re-sensitizes drug-resistant C. glabrata to azole antifungals in vitro and in animal models for disseminated and urinary tract C. glabrata infection; a novel therapeutic strategy in fungal infectious disease.
Amphotericin B methyl ester hydrochloride is the methyl ester derivative of the polyene antibiotic Amphotericin B (A634250). Amphotericin B methyl ester hydrochloride is the cholesterol-binding compound possesses significant antifungal activity. Amphotericin B methyl ester hydrochloride disrupts HIV-1 particle production and potently inhibits HIV-1 replication[1][2].
Antifungal agent 20 exhibits remarkable antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosprioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae, Diplodia pinea, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum.
Quinizarin (1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone), a part of the anticancer agents such as Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, and Adriamycin, interacts with DNA by intercalating mode (Kd=86.1 μM). Quinizarin is used as a fungicide and pesticide chemical and has shown the ability to inhibit tumor cell growth[1][2].
Polygodial (Poligodial) is an antifungal potentiator[1]. Polygodial is a sesquiterpene with anti-hyperalgesic properties[2].
M-L-Triguluronic acid is a linear polysaccharide copolymer composed of three L-guluronic acid (G) and can be used to from Alginate[1]. Alginate is a generic name of unbranched polyanionic polysaccharides and can be used for the research of antifungal agents delivery carries[2].
Pyrimethanil is an anilinopyrimidine and broad-spectrum contact fungicide for the control of Botrytis spp. on a wide variety of crops[1]. Pyrimethanil inhibits the biosynthesis of methionine and other amino acids in Botrytis cinerea. Pyrimethanil can be used for the research of fungal diseases prevention on fruit, vegetable and ornamental plants with mold infection[3].
Lagosin (Fungichromin) is a polyene macrolide antibiotic. Lagosin has demonstrated broad-spectrum antifungal activity and is impervious to drug resistance[1].
Topazolin is a flavone. Topazolin has weak fungi-toxic activity against Cladosporium herbarum AHU 9262[1].
(±)9-HpODE is a long chain lipid hydroperoxide, is a product of linoleic acid peroxidation. (±)9-HpODE can induce oxidation of intracellular glutathione (GSH). (±)9-HpODE also exhibits antimicrobial activity against various fungal and bacterial pathogens[1][2].
Aleurodiscal is an fungal inhibitor that can be obtained from cultures of Aleurodiscus mirabilis. Aleurodiscal can be used in the study of fungal infections[1].