3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a reference substance of a common phytochemical found in Echinacea (Echinacea sp.); dietary supplement, herb, or plant testing applications with this reference material include material characterization, adulterant identification, or method validation.
Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol, a type of chemical compound. It can be found in Kaempferia galanga (aromatic ginger). The enzyme kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase uses S-adenosyl-L-methionine and kaempferol to produce S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and kaempferide. P-glycoproteins.
Fosfructose is a cytoprotective natural sugar phosphate for the potential treatment of cardiovascular ischemia, sickle cell anemia and asthma.
NSC 27785 is an organic compound that is both an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid.
Imperatorin is an effective of NO synthesis inhibitor (IC50=9.2 μmol), which also is a BChE inhibitor (IC50=31.4 μmol). Imperatorin is a weak agonist of TRPV1 with EC50 of 12.6±3.2 μM.
6-Chloropurine is a building block in chemical synthesis. Intermediate in the preparation of 9-alkylpurines and 6-rnercaptopurine. Antitumor activities[1].
Cholesteryl behenate is a standard in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters.
Scopoletin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
2'-Hydroxy-4'-methylacetophenone, a phenolic compound isolated from Angelicae koreana roots possesses acaricidal property[1]. It could be used in the preparation of 4’-methyl-2’-[(p-tolylsulfonyl) oxy] acetophenone[2].
Oxcarbazepine inhibits the binding of [3H]BTX to sodium channels with IC50 of 160 μM and also inhibits the influx of 22Na+ into rat brain synaptosomes with IC50 about 100 μM.Target: Sodium ChannelOxcarbazepine is an antiepileptic drug with a chemical structure similar to carbamazepine, but with different metabolism. Oxcarbazepine is rapidly reduced to 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-carbazepine (monohydroxy derivative, MHD), the clinically relevant metabolite of oxcarbazepine. MHD has (S)-(+)- and the (R)-(-)-enantiomer [1]. Oxcarbazepine (oxcarb) 600 and 900 mg (2360 and 3540 mumol) was taken by 3 volunteers (2 female, 1 male; 45-67 kg; age 22-34 years) after an overnight fast. Blood, saliva and urine were collected for the next 72 h for assay of oxcarb, 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-carbamazepine (OHcarb), and 10,11-dihydro-trans-10,11-dihydroxy-carbamazepine (diol). Oxcarb reached a maximum level of about 1 microgram/ml (3.93 mumol/l) within 1 h and dropped below the detection limit (0.1 microgram/ml = 0.39 mumol/l) within 3 h. The active metabolite OHcarb appeared in the blood before oxcarb and reached the higher maximum level of 7.4 microgram/ml (29 mumol/l) after 7 h [2]. Clinical indications: EpilepsyToxicity: Isolated cases of overdose with oxcarbazepine have been reported. The maximum dose taken was approximately 24,000 mg. All patients recovered with symptomatic treatment.
Brusatol, isolated from the Brucea javanica plant, inhibits Nrf2.
Methyl vanillate, one of the ingredients in Hovenia dulcis Thunb, is a Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator[1]. A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of vanillic acid. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite.
Bekanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic.
D-Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sugar substitute.Target: OthersD-Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. The food industry uses D-sorbitol as an additive in the form of a sweetener, humectant, emulsifier, thickener, or dietary supplement. D-Sorbitol has also been found in cosmetics, paper, and pharmaceuticals. Naturally, D-sorbitol occurs widely in plants via photosynthesis, ranging from algae to higher order fruits of the family Rosaceae. From Wikipedia.
(-)-Securinine is plant-derived alkaloid and also a GABAA receptor antagonist.
1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification originating essentially from two different reaction types, one catalyzed by enzymes and the other the result of the reaction of RNA with certain alkylating agents.
(20S)-Protopanaxatriol is a metabolite of ginsenoside, works through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and oestrogen receptor (ER), and is also a LXRα inhibitor.
3,4-Dimethoxyphenylacetic acid is a building block in the chemical synthesis.
Isoimperatorin is a methanolic extract of the roots of Angelica dahurica shows significant inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with the IC50 of 74.6 μM.
Flaconitine is isolated from the ammonium hydroxide wetted root of A.szechenyianum Gay. Flaconitine is considered to be a NF-κB inhibitor.
α-Cyclodextrin is a multifunctional, soluble dietary fiber marketed for use as a fiber ingredient.
Peiminine(Verticinone; Raddeanine) is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory activity.IC50 value:Target:Peiminine and DXS significantly reduced alveolar inflammation and pulmonary interstitial inflammation in rats with bleomycin-induced lung injury. peiminine inhibits lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung injury, by reducing circulating IFN-γ levels and inhibiting signal transduction pathways involving TGF-β, CTGF, ERK1/2, NF-κB and FasL.
Hypotaurine (2-aminoethanesulfinic acid), an intermediate in taurine biosynthesis from cysteine in astrocytes, is an endogenous inhibitory amino acid of the glycine receptor.
Theophylline is a nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor blocker, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator.
Honokiol is a bioactive, biphenolic phytochemical that possesses potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and anticancer activities by targeting a variety of signaling molecules. It inhibits the activation of Akt and enhances the phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2.
Taurocholic acid is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.
Madecassoside is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asitica (L.), as an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative activities and anti-aging agent. [1]In vitro: Madecassoside exhibit significant anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effect in HGF-induced HepG2 and SMMC-77 cells. Madecassoside inhibit the HGF-induced activation of cMET-PKC-ERK1/2-COX-2-PGE2cascade. [1]In vivo: Administration of madecassoside, p.o. , exhibit a direct anti-PF effect in mice. Madecassoside increase the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in colon tissues, and HGF receptor antagonists attenuated its anti-PF effect. madecassoside in mice are not mediated by its metabolites or itself after absorption into blood. Instead, madecassoside increases the activity of PPAR-γ, which subsequently increases HGF expression in colonic epithelial cells. [2] The reference for administration is 12 mg/kg. [3]
Isoastragaloside II is an astragaloside, which is isolated from the hairy root culture of Astragalus membranaceus.
Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is a synthetic glycoside chalcone, is added to various foods and beverages as a low caloric artificial sweetener.