(S)-PM-43I is a potent STAT6 inhibitor and can reduce STAT6 phosphorylation level. (S)-PM-43I can be used in allergic lung disease, allergic rhinitis, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease and cancer research[1].
AKT-IN-1 is an allosteric AKT inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.042 μM.
AC-55541 is a novel small-molecule protease-activated receptor 2(PAR2) agonist; activated PAR2 signaling in cellular proliferation assays, phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis assays, and Ca(2+) mobilization assays, with potencies ranging from 200 to 1000 nM.IC50 value: 200-1000 nM(EC50) [1]Target: PAR2 agonistNeither AC-55541 nor AC-264613 had activity at any of the other PAR receptor subtypes, nor did they have any significant affinity for over 30 other molecular targets involved in nociception. Visualization of EYFP-tagged PAR2 receptors showed that each compound stimulated internalization of PAR2 receptors. AC-55541 was well absorbed when administered intraperitoneally to rats, reaching micromolar peak plasma concentrations. AC-55541 was stable to metabolism by liver microsomes and maintained sustained exposure in rats, with elimination half-lives of 6.1 h. Intrapaw administration of AC-55541 or AC-264613 elicited robust and persistent thermal hyperalgesia and edema. Coadministration of either a tachykinin 1 (neurokinin 1) receptor antagonist or a transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1 antagonist completely blocked these effects. Systemic administration of either AC-55541 or AC-264613 produced a similar degree of hyperalgesia as was observed when the compounds were administered locally.
OX11 is a selective inhibitor of S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli bacterial strains[1].
Alisol F 24-acetate is a triterpene compound that can be isolated from the rhizomes of Alisma orientalis. Alisol F 24-acetate inhibits the secretion of HBV surface antigen HBsAg and HBeAg with IC50 values of 7.7 µM and 5.1 µM. Alisol F 24-acetate has proapoptotic activity and can be used for cancer research[1][2].
Clothianidin is a neonicotinoid insecticide. Clothianidin shows excellent long-term control effect in small doses against various insect pests such as Coleoptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Homoptera, Heteroptera, Orthoptera and Isoptera families. Clothianidin has various application methods and high safety for crops[1].
SU5201 is an inhibitor of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production[1].
Lenalidomide-C5-amido-Boc is the Lenalidomide-based Cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Lenalidomide-C5-amido-Boc can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTAC[1].
Conophylline is a vinca alkaloid extracted from leaves of a tropical plant Ervatamia microphylla. Conophylline is a differentiation inducer of for pancreatic cells. Conophylline suppresses HSC and induces apoptosis[1][2].
Hydrophobic inducer of the degradation of stabilized proteins, degrading HaloTag2 fusion proteins
S1RA(E-52862) is a potent and selective sigma-1 receptor(σ1R, Ki=17 nM) antagonist, showed good selectivity against σ2R (Ki > 1000 nM).IC50 value: 17 nM (Ki) [1]Target: σ1Rin vitro: S1RA behaved as a highly selective σ1 receptor antagonist. It showed high affinity for human (Ki= 17 nM) and guinea pig (Ki= 23.5 nM) σ1 receptors but no significant affinity for the σ2 receptors (Ki > 1000 nM for guinea pig and rat σ2 receptors). Moderate affinity (Ki= 328 nM) and antagonistic activity, with very low potency (IC50= 4700 nM) was found at the human 5-HT2B receptor. S1RA showed no significant affinity (Ki > 1 μM or % inhibition at 1 μM < 50%) for other additional 170 targets (receptors, transporters, ion channels and enzymes) [2].in vivo: Control (non-operated) and nerve-injured mice received a single or repeated (twice daily for 12 days) i.p. administration of S1RA at 25 mg·kg?1, the same dose used for the assessment of behavioural hypersensitivity in the chronic treatment study. Acute treatment was given on day 12 post-surgery and repeated treatment with S1RA started the day of surgery, as in the behavioural studies [2]. Intrathecal pre-treatment with idazoxan prevented the systemic S1RA antinociceptive effect, suggesting that the S1RA antinociception depends on the activation of spinal α2 -adrenoceptors which, in turn, could induce an inhibition of formalin-evoked glutamate release. When administered locally, intrathecal S1RA inhibited only the flinching behavior, whereas intracerebroventricularly or intraplantarly injected also attenuated the lifting/licking behavior [3].
Acetophenone is an organic compound with simple structure[1].
Pasireotide(SOM 230) is a stable cyclohexapeptide somatostatin mimic that exhibits unique high-affinity binding to human somatostatin receptors (subtypes sst1/2/3/4/5, pKi=8.2/9.0/9.1/<7.0/9.9 respectively).IC50 value: 8.2/9.0/9.1/<7.0/9.9(pKi, sst1/2/3/4/5) [1]in vitro: SOM230 showed a lower potency of GH release inhibition (IC(50), 0.5 nM), compared with OCT (IC(50), 0.02 nM) and SRIF-14 (IC(50), 0.02 nM). A positive correlation was found between sst(2) but not sst(5) mRNA levels in the adenoma cells and the inhibitory potency of OCT on GH release in vivo and in vitro, and the effects of SOM230 and SRIF-14 in vitro [2]. In cultures of human fetal pituitary cells, SOM230 inhibited GH secretion by 42 +/- 9% (P = 0.002) but had no effect on TSH release. SOM230 inhibited GH release from GH-secreting adenoma cultures by 34 +/- 8% (P = 0.002), PRL by 35 +/- 4% from PRL-secreting adenomas (P = 0.01), and alpha-subunit secretion from nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas by 46 +/- 18% (P = 0.34) [3].in vivo: On day 7, there was a decrease in serum insulin levels from 1.06 ± 0.28 μg/L to 0.37 ± 0.17 μg/L (P = .0128) and a significant increase in serum glucose from 4.2 ± 0.45 mmol/L to 7.12 ± 1.06 mmol/L (P = .0075) in the treatment group but no change in the control group [4]. In wild-type mice, both octreotide and pasireotide significantly attenuated knee joint swelling and histopathologic manifestations of arthritis to an extent comparable to that of dexamethasone. In SSTR2(-/-) mice, the antiinflammatory effects of both octreotide and pasireotide were completely abrogated [5].
Homatropine Methylbromide is muscarinic AChR antagonist, inhibits endothelial and smooth muscle muscarinic receptors of WKY-E and SHR-E with IC50 of 162.5 nM and 170.3 nM, respectively.target： mAChRIC 50: WKY-E(162.5 nM), SHR-E(170.4nM )In vitro: Homatropine (20 μM) alone produces a dose ratio of 259 in atrium from guinea-pigs. Homatropine (20 μM) produces a dose ratio of only 95.0 when combined with hexamethonium in atrium from guinea-pigs.In vivo: : Pre-treatment with homatropine (20 mg/kg) was comparable with atropine (10 mg/kg) in preventing lethality in this rat model of acute OC poisoning. All rats pre-treated with normal saline, atropine 5 mg/kg, and homatropine 10 mg/kg died. Survival in the homatropine (20 mg/kg) and atropine (10 mg/kg) groups was 30% and 40% respectively.
Penetratin-Arg is an antimicrobial and is used for drug delivery vehicle[1].
MEG (Mercaptoethylguanidine) hemisulfate is a potent and selective inhibitor of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS), with EC50s of 11.5, 110, and 60 μM for iNOS, ecNOS, and bNOS respectively in tissue homogenates. MEG hemisulfate is also a potent scavenger of peroxynitrite and inhibits peroxynitrite-induced oxidative processes. MEG hemisulfate has a protective effect in many experimental models of inflammation, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, periodontitis, hemorrhagic shock, inflammatory bowel disease, and endotoxic and septic shock[1][2][3][4].
ThrRS-IN-1 (Compound 30d) is a threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.4 µM and a Kd of 1.36 µM against Salmonella enterica ThrRS (SeThrRS). ThrRS-IN-1 simultaneously targets the tRNAThr and L-threonine binding pockets of ThrRS. ThrRS-IN-1 shows potent antibacterial activities[1].
Granisetron Hcl(BRL 43694A) is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy.IC50 Value: 17uM (GR reduced 5-HT-evoked contractions) [1]Target: 5-HT3 receptorin vitro: In rat forestomach GR reduced 5-HT-evoked contractions at IC50 17 /- 6 uM. In isolated rabbit heart, GR 0.003-0.03 nM dose-dependently reduced s-HT tachycardia; at high levels GR reduced submaximal and maximal responses to 5-HT [1].in vivo: Leukocyte accumulation was dose-dependently inhibited by granisetron both at 6 and 72 h after induction of inflammation. Granisetron increased PGE(2) level at a lower dose (50 microg/pouch) but higher doses (100 and 200 microg/pouch) inhibited the release. At the same time, TNFalpha production was decreased by the lower dose and increased by higher doses of granisetron in a reciprocal fashion [2]. The GTDS displayed non-inferiority to oral granisetron: complete control was achieved by 60% of patients in the GTDS group, and 65% in the oral granisetron group (treatment difference, -5%; 95% confidence interval, -13-3). Both treatments were well tolerated, the most common adverse event being constipation [3].Clinical trial: Effect of External Heat on a Transdermal Granisetron Patch in Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Healthy Subjects. Phase 1
Sampatrilat (UK-81252) is a potent and orally active vasopeptidase inhibitor of ACE and neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Sampatrilat inhibits C-domain ACE (Ki=13.8 nM) 12.4-fold more potent than that for the N-domain (Ki=171.9 nM). Sampatrilat (UK-81252) can be used for the study of chronic heart failure and blood pressure regulation[1][2].
Acetyl tetrapeptide-2 is a bioactive peptide with anti-aging effect and has been reported used as a cosmetic ingredient[1].
Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH (3) is a self-assemble fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl–dipeptides, which is a smaller amphiphilic building blocks consists dipeptides linked to fluore nylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc). Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH can be used as scaffold materials in 3D cell culture[1].
3'',4''-Di-O-acetyl-2'',6''-di-O-p-coumaroylastragalin is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Quercus ilex[1].
NK1 receptor antagonist 2 is a NK1 receptor antagonist. NK1 receptor antagonist 2 can be used for the research of tinnitus and hearing loss[1].
(S)-2-Aminopropanoic acid hydrochloride is an alanine derivative[1].
C-telopeptide, a cross-linked peptide of type I collagen, is released during bone resorption and has been correlated with bone mineral density (BMD).
Venlafaxine hydrochloride is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class.Target: SNRIVenlafaxine is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. First introduced by Wyeth in 1993, now marketed by Pfizer, it is licensed for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), as a treatment for generalized anxiety disorder, and comorbid indications in certain anxiety disorders with depression. In 2007, venlafaxine was the sixth most commonly prescribed antidepressant on the U.S. retail market, with 17.2 million prescriptions.Venlafaxine is a bicyclic antidepressant, and usually categorized as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), but it has been referred to as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI). It works by blocking the transporter "reuptake" proteins for key neurotransmitters affecting mood, thereby leaving more active neurotransmitters in the synapse. The neurotransmitters affected are serotonin and norepinephrine. Additionally, in high doses it weakly inhibits the reuptake of dopamine, with recent evidence showing that the norepinephrine transporter also transports some dopamine as well, since dopamine is inactivated by norepinephrine reuptake in the frontal cortex. The frontal cortex largely lacks dopamine transporters; therefore, venlafaxine can increase dopamine neurotransmission in this part of the brain. Venlafaxine interacts with opioid receptors (mu-, kappa1- kappa3- and delta-opioid receptor subtypes) as well as the alpha2-adrenergic receptor, and was shown to increase pain threshold in mice. When mice were tested with a hotplate analgesia meter (to measure pain), both venlafaxine and mirtazapine induced a dose-dependent, naloxone-reversible antinociceptive effect following intraperitoneal injection. These findings suggest venlafaxine's seemingly superior efficacy in severe depression as narcotics become increasingly used as a measure of last resort for refractory cases.
Disporoside C is a steroidal saponin can be isolated from Disporopsis pernyi[1].
Cenerimod (ACT-334441) is a potent and orally available sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 receptor (S1P1) agonist extracted from patent WO 2016184939 A1 and WO 2011007324 A1, example 1, with an EC50 of 2.7 nM.
Columbianetin Acetate is a phytoalexin associated with celery (Apium graveolens) resistance to pathogens during storage. Columbianetin exhibits excellent anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activity[1][2].
CK-869 is an Actin-Related Protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex inhibitor, with an IC50 of 7 μM.