Chemsrc provides Signaling Pathways's classification. They are divided into Anti-infection, Antibody-drug Conjugate, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Cell Cycle/DNA Damage, Cytoskeleton, Epigenetics, GPCR/G Protein, Immunology/Inflammation, JAK/STAT Signaling, MAPK/ERK Pathway, Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel, Metabolic Enzyme/Protease, Neuronal Signaling, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, PROTAC, Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK, Stem Cell/Wnt, TGF-beta/Smad, Vitamin D Related, Others according to their Biological activity.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

Okadaic acid

Okadaic acid is extracted from black sponges of the genus Halichondria. Okadaic acid is a non-comepetitive, selective and reversible serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatases 1 (PP1), PP2A and PP3 inhibitor with IC50s of 10-15 nM, 0.5 nM and 4 nM, respectively.[1][2] Okadaic acid eliminate metazoan symbionts/parasites by apoptosis[3].

  • CAS Number: 78111-17-8
  • MF: C44H68O13
  • MW: 805.003
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 921.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 164-166ºC
  • Flash Point: 269.4±27.8 °C

AXC-715 hydrochloride

AXC-715 hydrochloride is a TLR7/TLR8 dual agonist, extracted from patent WO2020168017 A1[1]. AXC-715, compound D from WO2020190734A1, can be used for synthesis of antibody-adjuvant immunoconjugates, comprising an antibody construct that binds programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) linked to one or more adjuvants[2].

  • CAS Number: 2490497-93-1
  • MF: C18H26ClN5
  • MW: 347.89
  • Catalog: Toll-like Receptor (TLR)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Monomethyl fumarate D3

Monomethyl fumarate D3 is a deuterium labeled Monomethyl fumarate. Monomethyl fumarate is the primary metabolite of dimethyl fumarate[1].

  • CAS Number: 1616345-41-5
  • MF: C5H3D3O4
  • MW: 133.117225334
  • Catalog: Neurological Disease
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PKRA83

PKRA83 (PKRA7) is a potent prokineticin (PK2) antagonist, which can compete for the binding of PK2 to its receptors PKR1 and PKR2. PKRA83 potently inhibits PK2 receptors, with IC50 values of 5.0 nM and 8.2 nM for PKR1 and PKR2, respectively. PKRA83 has anticancer and anti-angiogenic activities. PKRA83 can penetrate the blood-brain barrier[1].

  • CAS Number: 1233926-87-8
  • MF: C27H34ClFN2O4
  • MW: 505.02
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lomeguatrib

Lomeguatrib is a O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) inhibitor, with IC50s of 9 nM in cell-free assay and ∼6 nM in MCF-7 cells.

  • CAS Number: 192441-08-0
  • MF: C10H8BrN5OS
  • MW: 326.172
  • Catalog: DNA Methyltransferase
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 683.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 367.3±34.3 °C

Azido-FTY720

Azido-FTY720 is a photoactivatable analogue of FTY720. Azido-FTY720 is used for identifying binding sites between FTY720 and its receptors[1].

  • CAS Number: 881914-35-8
  • MF: C19H32N4O2
  • MW: 348.483
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Boc-NH-PEG7-acid

Boc-NH-PEG7-acid is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs[1].

  • CAS Number: 2055044-68-1
  • MF: C22H43NO11
  • MW: 497.577
  • Catalog: PROTAC Linker
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 598.4±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 315.7±30.1 °C

Kojic acid dipalmitate

Kojic acid dipalmitate (Kojic dipalmitate) is a derivative of Kojic acid (HY-W050154), a fungal metabolite that can be produced by species of Aspergillus, Acetobacter and Penicillium. Kojic acid dipalmitate is a slow and reversible competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase. Kojic acid dipalmitate can be used for skin‐lightening agent research[1].

  • CAS Number: 79725-98-7
  • MF: C38H66O6
  • MW: 618.927
  • Catalog: Tyrosinase
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 684.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 92-96ºC
  • Flash Point: 273.9±31.5 °C

Oloctinebart

Oloctinebart is a humanized immunoglobulin G4-kappa, anti-LGALS3 monoclonal antibody. Oloctinebart is used for reduction of amyloid beta oligomers formation[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Aftin-4

Aftin-4 is an Amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) inducer.

  • CAS Number: 866893-90-5
  • MF: C20H28N6O
  • MW: 368.47600
  • Catalog: Amyloid-β
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(S)-Lercanidipine HCl

(S)-Lercanidipine hydrochloride is the S-enantiomer of Lercanidipine hydrochloride. (S)-lercanidipine hydrochloride is a potent calcium channel blocker[1].

  • CAS Number: 184866-29-3
  • MF: C36H42ClN3O6
  • MW: 648.188
  • Catalog: Calcium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 712.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 116-122ºC
  • Flash Point: 384.7ºC

(E/Z)-4-hydroxy Tamoxifen

(E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen is a racemic compound of (Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen and (E)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen isomers. (E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen is an estrogen receptor modulator.

  • CAS Number: 68392-35-8
  • MF: C26H29NO2
  • MW: 387.51400
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 1.092
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 135-144°C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mal-amido-PEG3-C1-PFP ester

Mal-amido-PEG3-C1-PFP ester is a non-cleavable 3 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2101206-13-5
  • MF: C21H21F5N2O8
  • MW: 524.39
  • Catalog: ADC Linker
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Z-Arg-Leu-Arg-Gly-Gly-AMC acetate salt

Z-Arg-Leu-Arg-Gly-Gly-AMC is a peptide substrate of SARS-CoV PLpro[1].

  • CAS Number: 167698-69-3
  • MF: C40H56N12O9
  • MW: 848.948
  • Catalog: SARS-CoV
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1056.1±75.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 592.5±37.1 °C

Fmoc-N-Me-Phe-OH

Fmoc-N-Me-Phe-OH is a peptide inhibitor of Malaria Parasite[1].

  • CAS Number: 77128-73-5
  • MF: C25H23NO4
  • MW: 401.454
  • Catalog: Parasite
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 595.4±39.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 134 °C
  • Flash Point: 313.9±27.1 °C

3’-Azido-3’-deoxy-5-trifluoromethyluridine

3’-Azido-3’-deoxy-5-trifluoromethyluridine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 2095417-62-0
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Milnacipran hydrochloride

Milnacipran hydrochloride is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used in the clinical treatment of fibromyalgia.Target: SNRIMilnacipran (Ixel, Savella, Dalcipran, Toledomin) is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used in the clinical treatment of fibromyalgia. It is not approved for the clinical treatment of major depressive disorder in the USA, but it is in other countries.Milnacipran inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in an approximately 1:3 ratio, respectively; in practical use this means a relatively balanced action upon bothneurotransmitters. Increasing both neurotransmitters concentration simultaneously works synergistically to treat both depression and fibromyalgia. Milnacipran exerts no significant actions onH1, α1, D1, D2, and mACh receptors, as well as on benzodiazepine and opioid binding sites. Milnacipran is well absorbed after oral dosing and has a bioavailability of 85%. Meals do not have an influence on the rapidity and extent of absorption. Peak plasma concentrations are reached 2 hours after oral dosing. The elimination half-life of 8 hours is not increased by liver impairment and old age, but by significant renal disease. Milnacipran is conjugated to the inactive glucuronide and excreted in the urine as unchanged drug and conjugate. Only traces of active metabolites are found.

  • CAS Number: 101152-94-7
  • MF: C15H23ClN2O
  • MW: 282.809
  • Catalog: Serotonin Transporter
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 393ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 179-181ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

CA 074 TFA

CA-074 is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin B with a Ki of 2 to 5 nM.

  • CAS Number: 134448-10-5
  • MF: C18H29N3O6
  • MW: 383.43900
  • Catalog: Cathepsin
  • Density: 1.267g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 728.9ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 394.7ºC

AMG-925

AMG 925 is a potent, selective, and orally available FLT3/CDK4 dual inhibitor with IC50s of 2±1 nM and 3±1 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1401033-86-0
  • MF: C26H29N7O2
  • MW: 471.554
  • Catalog: FLT3
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 712.3±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 384.6±35.7 °C

Mecillinam

Mecillinam (Amdinocillin), the β-lactam antibiotic, has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative organisms[1].

  • CAS Number: 32887-01-7
  • MF: C15H23N3O3S
  • MW: 439.569
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 581.0±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 156°C
  • Flash Point: 305.2±32.9 °C

5'-O-DMT-5-I-2'-OMe-rU

2’-O-Methyl-5’-O-DMTr-5-iodouridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 588691-24-1
  • MF: C31H31IN2O8
  • MW: 686.49
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Zamifenacin fumarate

Zamifenacin fumarate (UK-76654 fumarate) is a potent gut-selective muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist. Zamifenacin significantly reduces colonic motility in irritable bowel syndrome[1].

  • CAS Number: 127308-98-9
  • MF: C31H33NO7
  • MW: 531.59600
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 700.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 377.3ºC

NHE3-IN-1

NHE3-IN-1 is a sodium/proton exchanger type 3 (NHE-3) inhibitor extracted from patent WO 2011019784 A1.

  • CAS Number: 632355-68-1
  • MF: C12H10ClN3S
  • MW: 263.75
  • Catalog: Sodium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2'-O-t-Butyldimethylsilyl adenosine

2’-O-t-Butyldimethylsilyladenosine is a adenosine analog. Adenosine analogs mostly act as smooth muscle vasodilators and have also been shown to inhibit cancer progression. Its popular products are adenosine phosphate, Acadesine (HY-13417), Clofarabine (HY-A0005), Fludarabine phosphate (HY-B0028) and Vidarabine (HY-B0277)[1].

  • CAS Number: 69504-13-8
  • MF: C16H27N5O4Si
  • MW: 381.50200
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Vibostolimab

Vibostolimab is an anti-TIGIT (T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain) monoclonal antibody. Vibostolimab shows antitumor activity, and can be used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma research[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4-(tert-Butyl)-benzhydroxamic Acid

4-(tert-Butyl)-benzhydroxamic Acid is a PqsR antagonist with IC50s of 12.5 μM and 23.6 μM for E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively. 4-(tert-Butyl)-benzhydroxamic Acid reduces the production of the virulence factor pyocyanin in P. aeruginosa with an IC50 of 87.2 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 62034-73-5
  • MF: C11H15NO2
  • MW: 193.24
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BAY 87-2243

BAY 87-2243 is a highly potent and selective hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 1227158-85-1
  • MF: C26H26F3N7O2
  • MW: 525.526
  • Catalog: HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 677.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 363.7±34.3 °C

VT-464

Seviteronel (VT-464) is a potent CYP17 lyase inhibitor(h-Lyase IC50=69 nM) that demonstrated both exceptional in vitro lyase/hydroxylase selectivity (~10-fold) and oral activity in a hamster model of androgen biosynthesis inhibition.

  • CAS Number: 1610537-15-9
  • MF: C18H17F4N3O3
  • MW: 399.340
  • Catalog: Cytochrome P450
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 536.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 278.2±28.7 °C

BMS-433771 dihydrochloride hydrate

BMS-433771 dihydrochloride hydrate is a potent orally active inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). BMS-433771 dihydrochloride hydrate is active against both A and B groups of RSV, with an average EC50 of 20 nM. BMS-433771 dihydrochloride hydrate can be used for the research of respiratory tract disease[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 543700-67-0
  • MF: C21H27Cl2N5O3
  • MW: 468.38
  • Catalog: RSV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

L-803087

L-803087 is a potent and selective somatostatin sst4 receptor agonist with a Ki of 0.7 nM, which is > 280-fold higher than other somatostatin receptors. L-803087 facilitates AMPA-mediated hippocampal synaptic responses in vitro and increases kainate-induced seizures in mice[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 217480-26-7
  • MF: C25H29F2N5O3
  • MW: 599.55000
  • Catalog: Somatostatin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 779.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 425.4ºC