Artocarpin is an isoprenoid-substituted flavonoid, that can be isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus. Artocarpin inhibits melanin biosynthesis in B16 melanoma cells without inhibiting tyrosinase. The presence of the isoprenoid-substituted moiety enhanced the inhibitory activity on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells[1].
GB-2a is a bioflavonoids that can be isolated from Rheedia gardneriana. GB-2a has significant analgesic activity in mice with 58.9% inhibition[1].
cis-Methylisoeugenol (compound 10) can be isolated from the MeOH extract of R. fasciculatum[1].
LL-37, Human is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity[1]. LL-37, Human could help protect the cornea from infection and modulates wound healing[2].
2-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-Hydroxybutyric acid ) is converted from 2-Aminobutyric acid, with 2-oxobutyric acid as an intermediate metabolite[1].
Substance P (2-11) is a substance P (SP) fragment peptide. Substance P (2-11) has contracting activities on guinea pig ileum. Substance P (2-11) inhibits the permeation of 3H SP in BBMEC monolayers[1][2].
γ-Glutamylornithine is the urine excreta of patients with HHH syndrome (hyperuricemia, hyperaminemia, and hypercitrullinuria) and rotary atrophy associated with hyperuricemia. Increased levels of endogenous ornithine increase levels of γ-Glutamylornithine in the urine[1].
16-Azidohexadecanoic acid, a synthetic fatty acid, can be used as a modification marker for nucleotides and a molecular probe for fatty acid metabolism[1][2].
Cipropride (S enantiomer) is the S enantiomer of cipropride; cipropride is an antiemetic drug.
1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties[1]. 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism[2].
Tectorigenin 7-O-Xylosyl Glucoside is a glycosidic isoflavone isolated from Pueraria thomsonii flower[1].
Angiogenesis inhibitor 4 is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. Angiogenesis inhibitor 4 can be used in research of cancer[1].
Fulvotomentoside B is a saponin isolated from Lactobacillus flavus. Fulvotomentoside compounds can significantly reduce serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and triacylglycerol (GT) levels in mice poisoned by CCl4, d-galactosamine (d-gal) and acetaminophen, and significantly alleviate liver pathology. damage[1].
L-β-Homoglutamine hydrochloride is a glutamine derivative[1].
Erythro-Guaiacylglycerol beta-coniferyl ether (compound 22) can be isolated from the stems and leaves of mung beans. Erythro-Guaiacylglycerol beta-coniferyl ether inhibits α-Glycosidase activity with EC50 value of 18.71 μM[1].
α,β-Methylene ATP trisodium, a phosphonic analog of ATP, is a P2X3 and P2X7 receptor ligand[1].
Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene-d14 is the deuterium labeled Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene[1].
Ontuxizumab (MORAb-004) is a humanized IgG1/κ anti-endosialin (TEM-1 or CD248) monoclonal antibody with antitumor effects. Ontuxizumab can be used for the research of cancer[1].
Indirubin(Couroupitine B) is a purple 3,2- bisindole and a stable isomer of indigo isolated from Indigo naturalis (Apiaceae); anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.IC50 value:Target:in vitro: The activation of EGF receptor, known to be highly expressed in psoriatic lesions, was inhibited by indigo naturalis or indirubin. The cell proliferation and CDC25B expression of epidermal keratinocytes were induced by EGF alone and confirmed to be inhibited by indigo naturalis or indirubin [2]. indirubin inhibited prostate tumor growth through inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. indirubin inhibited angiogenesis in vivo. We also showed the inhibition activity of indirubin in endothelial cell migration, tube formation and cell survival in vitro [3].in vivo: Indirubin treatment suppressed skin inflammation in DNCB-exposed mice. The skin lesions were significantly thinner in the Indirubin-treated group than in untreated controls, and the hyperkeratosis disappeared. Indirubin reduced the total serum IgE level and cytokines production. In addition, it normalized NF-κB, IκB-α and MAP kinase expression [1]. Indirubin dose-dependently inhibited intersegmental vessel formation in zebrafish embryos. It also inhibited HUVEC proliferation by the induction of cellular apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase [4].
Aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine (DA-DKP) is an immunomodulatory molecule generated by cleavage and cyclization from the N-terminus of human albumin and can modulate the inflammatory immune response through a molecular pathway implicated in T- lymphocyte anergy[1][2].
GEMSA is a potent inhibitor of enkephalin convertase (Ki=8.8 nM). GEMSA elicites analgesia[1].
Efaproxiral is a synthetic allosteric modifier of haemoglobin (Hb), decreases Hb-oxygen (O2) binding affinity and enhances oxygenation of hypoxic tumours during radiation therapy.in vitro: Efaproxiral increases oxygen levels in hypoxic tumor tissues by binding non-covalently to the hemoglobin tetramer and decreasing hemoglobin-oxygen binding affinity. Increasing tumor oxygenation reduces tumor radioresistance. Efaproxiral can enhance the oxygenation of hypoxic tumours and function as a radiation sensitiser, increasing the effectiveness of RT.
Ganglioside GM3 is a precursor of a-, b-, and c-series gangliosides, interacts with transmembrane receptors such as the epidermal growth factor and insulin receptors, and regulates receptor functions by creating a specialized lipid environment. Ganglioside GM3 is synthesized by GM3 synthase and can be used for the research of hypercholesterolemia[1].
PDD00031705 is a benzimidazolone core cell-inactive inhibitor of Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)[1].
Procyanidin A1 (Proanthocyanidin A1) is a procyanidin dimer, which inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca2+ influx from an internal store in RBL-213 cells. Procyanidin A1 has antiallergic effects[1].
Cy5 DBCO chloride is an azide reaction probe and the addition of DBCO molecules allows the imaging of azide-labelled biomolecules by a copper-free “Click Chemistry” reaction[1].
alpha-1,2-Fucosyltransferase (α1,2FucT), i.e., alpha 1, 2-fucosyltransferase, is often used in biochemical studies. alpha-1,2-Fucosyltransferase is a rate-limiting enzyme, can catalyze the synthesis of Lewis y (a cell membrane-associated carbohydrate antigen)[1].
Me-CO-Lys(Cbo)-Gly-Arg-pNA is a substrate for C1 esterase[1].
Xenalamine is a synthetic antiviral agent.
hDDAH-1-IN-1 TFA (compound 8a) is a potent and selective non-amino acid catalytic site inhibitor of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (hDDAH-1), with a Ki of 18 µM[1].