AMTB hydrochloride is a selective TRPM8 channel blocker. AMTB hydrochloride inhibits icilin-induced TRPM8 channel activation with a pIC50 of 6.23. AMTB hydrochloride can be used for the research of the overactive bladder and painful bladder syndrome. AMTB hydrochloride is a non-selective inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV)[1][2].
HDAC-IN-38 (compound 13) is a potent HDAC inhibitor. HDAC-IN-38 shows similar micro-molar inhibitory activity toward HDAC1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8. HDAC-IN-38 increases cerebral blood flow (CBF), attenuates cognitive impairment, and improves hippocampal atrophy. HDAC-IN-38 also increases the level of histone acetylation (H3K14 or H4K5)[1].
NGD94-1 is a specific dopamine D4 receptor antagonist. NGD94-1 can effectively reverse Phencyclidine-induced cognitive impairment in marmosets. NGD94-1 can be used in the study of psychiatric diseases[1].
Methyl tridecanoate moderately inhibits β-amyloid aggregation. Methyl tridecanoate weakly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE)[1].
Ramelteon metabolite M-II is the major metabolite of Ramelteon, with IC50s of 208 pM, 1470 pM for human melatonin receptors (MT1 or MT2). Ramelteon is a selective melatonin agonist.
450191S is a new sleep inducer.
SB-216641A (SB-216641 hydrochloride) is a selective antagonist of 5-HT1B/D receptor. SB-216641A shows high affinity and selectivity for h5-HT1B receptors over h5-HT1D receptors. SB-216641A blocks SKF-99101H from functioning in vivo[1][2].
Z164597606 is a selective BChE inhibitor (IC50: 1.3 and 1.7 μM for eqBChE and hBChE). Z164597606 forms a π-π stacking interaction with the amino acid Trp82 of hBChE. Z164597606 can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)[1][2].
GNE-131 is a potent and selective inhibitor of human sodium channel NaV1.7, with an IC50 of 3 nM.
Longistyline A (Longistylin A) is a natural stilbene, it can be isolated from leaves of Cajanus cajan. Longistyline A shows antimicrobial activity against MRSA with an MIC value of 1.56 μg/mL. Longistyline A shows neuroprotective effects, it can be used for the research of infection and nerve diseases[1][2].
PF-03654746 is a potent and selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist with high brain penetration.PF-03654746 reduces allergen-induced nasal symptoms, might be a novel therapeutic strategy to further explore allergic rhinitis[1].PF-03654746 improves cognitive efficacy and disease-modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD)[2].
Reboxetine Mesylate is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor use in the treatment of unipolar depression.Target: OthersReboxetine is a drug of the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor class. Reboxetine dose-dependently and potently inhibits locus coeruleus neuronal firing in rats with ED50 of 191 μg/kg. Reboxetine inhibition of the locus coeruleus neurons is reversible by the α2 antagonist piperoxan (1.5 mg/kg, IV). Reboxetine dose-dependently reverses reserpine-induced blepharospasm and hypothermia in the mouse. Reboxetine is also found to antagonize clonidine-induced hypothermia dose-dependently in mice. Reboxetine reverses reserpine-induced blepharospasm and hypothermia in rats with ED50 of 10 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg (p.o.), respectively [1]. Reboxetine is associated with a markedly lower relapse rate than placebo (22% vs. 56%) and a greater cumulative probability of a maintained response during long-term treatment in patients with recurrent DSM-III-R major depression. Reboxetine effectively prevents recurrence of depressive symptoms following episode resolution [2]. Acute systemic administration of Reboxetine (0.3 mg/kg-20 mg/kg) dose-dependently increases extracellular norepinephrine in the rat frontal cortex while having no effect on extracellular serotonin. Reboxetine (20 mg/kg) also increases extracellular dopamine in the rat frontal cortex. Chronic administration of Reboxetine for 14 days results in elevated basal concentrations of extracellular norepinephrine and dopamine and a greater net increase of extracellular norepinephrine and dopamine, but not serotonin in the rat frontal cortex [3].
ML221 is a potent apelin (APJ) functional antagonist, inhibiting apelin-13-mediated activation of APJ, with IC50s of 0.70 μM in the cAMP assay, and 1.75 μM in the β-arrestin assay, and EC80 of 10 nM in both assays.
[D-Ala2] Leu-Enkephalinamide is an enkephalin analog. [D-Ala2] Leu-Enkephalinamide has great corneal permeability and analgesic effect. [D-Ala2] Leu-Enkephalinamide can be used for the research of ocular diseases[1][2].
Tyr0-Neurokinin A is a neuropeptide belongs to tachykinin peptide family. Tyr0-Neurokinin A is an agonist of Tacr2. Tyr0-Neurokinin A can be used in the research of insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes[1][2].
PFE-360 is a potent, selective, brain penetrated and orally active leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitor with a mean IC50 of 2.3 nM in vivo[1][2].
BMS-764459 is a CRF1 antagonist. BMS-764459 can be used for the research of neurological disorders such as depression and anxiety. BMS-764459 is also an atypical CYP1A1 inducer[1][2].
AaHI is a neurotoxin that can be obtained from the venom of the North African scorpion Androctonus australis hector. AaHI can be used as a tool for the development of active substances with toxin-neutralizing capabilities[1].
LSP4–2022 is a novel potent, selective, brain-penetrant mGluR4 agonist with EC50 of 0.11 uM in cell-based assays; displays >100-fold selectivity over mGlu7 and mGlu8 (IC50=11.6 and 29.2 uM), no activity at the group I and -II mGlu receptors (EC50>100 uM); inhibits neurotransmission in cerebellar slices from mice, and possesses antiparkinsonian properties in a haloperidol-induced catalepsy test.
IL-17A modulator-2 is a IL-17A modulator, extracted from patent WO2021239743+A1, example 27. IL-17A modulator-2 inhibits the biological action of IL-17A with a pIC50 of 8.3. IL-17A modulator-2 can be used for the research of diseases or disorders associated with modulation of IL-17A activity including diseases with an immune component or autoimmune pathol, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders[1].
Homobaldrinal is a decomposition product of Valepotriate (HY-N0718). Homobaldrinal exhibits genotoxic activity in the Salmonella/microsome test[1].
Lofexidine-d4 hydrochloride (Baq-168-d4) is the deuterium labeled Lofexidine hydrochloride. Lofexidine hydrochloride is a selective α2-receptor agonist, commonly used to alleviate the physical symptoms of heroin and other types of opioid withdrawal[1][2].
HS014 is a potent and selective melanocortin-4 (MC4) receptor antagonist, with Kis of 3.16, 108, 54.4 and 694 nM for human MC4, MC1, MC3 and MC5 receptors, respectively. HS014 modulates the behavioral effects of morphine in mice. HS014 increases food intake in free-feeding rats[1][2][3].
Cyproheptadine is a potent and orally active 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, with antidepressant and antiserotonergic effects. Cyproheptadine has antiplatelet and thromboprotective activities. Cyproheptadine can be used for the research of thromboembolic disorders[1][2].
Drinidene can be used for the research of pain disorders extracted from patent AU2018254530A1[1].
(E)-8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine is a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. (E)-8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine inhibits monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with a Ki value of 70 nM by a pathway that is independent of its actions on the A2A receptor. (E)-8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine has the potential for Parkinson's disease research[1].
Etilevodopa (L-Dopa ethyl ester) hydrochloride, an ethyl-ester prodrug of Levodopa, is rapidly hydrolyzed to Levodopa and ethanol by nonspecific esterases in the gastrointestinal tract. Etilevodopa hydrochloride is used for the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). Levodopa is the direct precursor of dopamine and is a suitable prodrug as it facilitates CNS penetration and delivers dopamine[1][2][3].
Lazabemide(Ro 19-6327/000) is selective, reversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor (IC50 values are 0.03 and > 100 μM for MAO-B and MAO-A respectively).IC50 value: 30 nM [1]Target: MAO-B inhibitorin vitro: The in vitro binding characteristics of both radiolabeled inhibitors revealed them to be selective, high-affinity ligands for the respective enzymes. KD and Bmax values for 3H-Ro 41-1049 in rat cerebral cortex were 10.7 nM and 7.38 pmol/mg protein, respectively, and for 3H-Ro 19-6327 were 18.4 nM and 3.45 pmol/mg protein, respectively [1]. The IC50 values for lazabemide and Ro 16-6491, respectively, were: 86 microM and 90 microM for NA uptake; 123 microM and 90 microM for 5HT uptake; > 500 microM and > 1000 microM for DA uptake. Lazabemide and Ro 16-6491 also differed from L-deprenyl in their ability to induce release of endogenous monoamines from synaptosomes. Thus, Ro 16-6491 (500 microM) induced a greater 5 HT release than did L-deprenyl, but was less effective than L-deprenyl in releasing DA. On the contrary, lazabemide was almost completely inactive on either 5 HT and DA release [2]. a clear inhibition of DOPAC formation was observed with Ro 41-1049 (250 nM), while 250 nM lazabemide was found not to increase the accumulation of newly-formed DA in those tubular epithelial cells loaded with 50 microM L-DOPA [3].in vivo: The ischemia reperfusion-induced hydroxyl radical generation was attenuated by 3 mg/kg of clorgyline and lazabemide. Furthermore, mice pretreated with these MAO inhibitors showed decreased DOPAC levels in comparison with those of their respective vehicle-treated control groups; recovery of the reduced DOPAC level was also delayed [4].
Ropivacaine-d7 is deuterium labeled Ropivacaine. Ropivacain is a potent sodium channel blocker. Ropivacain blocks impulse conduction via reversible inhibition of sodium ion influx in nerve fibrese[1][2]. Ropivacaine is also an inhibitor of K2P (two-pore domain potassium channel) TREK-1 with an IC50 of 402.7 μM in COS-7 cell's membrane[3]. Ropivacaine is used for the research of neuropathic pain management[1].
Crassicauline A (Crassicaulin A) is a bioactive alkaloid found in roots of Aconitum carmichaeli. Crassicauline A (Crassicaulin A) possesses feeding deterrent activity against T. castaneum adults with an EC50 of 1134.5 ppm[1][2].