2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 (monohydrate) is the 13C and 15N labeled 2'-Deoxyguanosine monohydrate[1]. 2'-Deoxyguanosine monohydrate is an endogenous metabolite.
AR231453 is a potent and selective small molecule agonist of GPR119 that enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) release; Antidiabetic agent.IC50 value: Target: GPR119in vitro: The GPR119-specific agonist AR231453 significantly increased cAMP accumulation and insulin release in both HIT-T15 cells and rodent islets. In both cases, loss of GPR119 rendered AR231453 inactive [1]. In GLUTag cells, a well-established model of intestinal L-cell function, the potent GPR119 agonist AR231453 stimulated cAMP accumulation and GLP-1 release [2].in vivo: AR231453 also enhanced glucose-dependent insulin release in vivo and improved oral glucose tolerance in wild-type mice but not in GPR119-deficient mice. Diabetic KK/A(y) mice were also highly responsive to AR231453. Orally active GPR119 agonists may offer significant promise as novel antihyperglycemic agents acting in a glucose-dependent fashion [1]. When administered in mice, AR231453 increased active GLP-1 levels within 2 min after oral glucose delivery and substantially enhanced total glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide levels. Blockade of GLP-1 receptor signaling with exendin(9-39) reduced the ability of AR231453 to improve glucose tolerance in mice [2].
D-Glucose-d12 is the deuterium labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response[1].
ZINC12409120 is a high selective ERK inhibitor. ZINC12409120 acts on disrupting FGF23:α-Klotho interaction to inhibit ERK activity with an IC50 of 5.0 μM[1].
BML-280 (VU0285655-1) is a potent and selective phospholipase D2 (PLD2) inhibitor. BML-280 has the ability to prevent caspase-3 cleavage and reduction in cell viability induced by high glucose. BML-280 can be used for rheumatoid arthritis research[1][2].
Empagliflozin is a selective sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.1 nM for human SGLT-2.
Paquinimod is a S100A9 inhibitor, which prevents S100A9 binding to TLR-4.
Laronidase is an enzyme for the study of mucopolysaccharide type I disease research[1].
Creatinine(NSC13123) is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body.Target: OthersCreatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass). Creatine is synthesized primarily in the liver from the methylation of glycocyamine (guanidino acetate, synthesized in the kidney from the amino acids arginine and glycine) by S-adenosyl methionine. It is then transported through blood to the other organs, muscle, and brain, where, through phosphorylation, it becomes the high-energy compound phosphocreatine. During the reaction, creatine and phosphocreatine are catalyzed by creatine kinase, and a spontaneous conversion to creatinine may occur [1]. Creatinine levels in blood and urine may be used to calculate the creatinine clearance (CrCl), which reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), an important clinical index of renal function [2].
BMS-779788 is a LXR partial agonist with IC50 values of 68 nM for LXRα and 14 nM for LXRβ.
3-Methyl-L-histidine-d3 is the deuterium labeled 3-Methyl-L-histidine. 3-Methyl-L-histidine is a biomarker for meat consumption, especially chicken. It is also a biomarker for the consumption of soy products.
TCS 2510 is a selective EP4 agonist. TCS 2510 can be used for the research of metabolic diseases[1].
Nocloprost, a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) analog, is an orally active EP1- and EP3-receptor agonist. Nocloprost inhibits evoked [3H]ACh release. Nocloprost has gastroprotective and ulcer-healing properties. Nocloprost accelerates the healing of chronic gastric ulcerations and enhances mucosal growth in rats[1][2].
Diethyl succinate-13C4 is the 13C labeled Diethyl succinate[1]. Diethyl succinate (Diethyl Butanedioate) is used at physiological pH and crosses biological membranes, incorporates into cells in tissue culture and is metabolized by the TCA cycle. Diethyl succinate is known to be non-toxic and used in fragrances and flavoring[2].
AMG-3969 is a potent glucokinase-glucokinase regulatory protein interaction (GK-GKRP) disruptor with an IC50 of 4 nM.
CCK (26-31) (sulfated) is the N-terminal fragment of CCK, a peptide hormone found in the gut and brain that stimulates digestion, regulates satiety, and is associated with anxiety[1].
Ganoderic acid C6 has aldose reductase inhibitory activity[1].
Valanafusp alfa (AGT-181) is a brain penetrating recombinant fusion protein of a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the human insulin receptor (HIR) and human iduronidase (IDUA). Valanafusp alfa can be used for the research of Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) [1].
EP1013 is a broad-spectrum caspase selective inhibitor, used in the research of type 1 diabetes.
18-Hydroxycortisol is an endogenous steroid that secreted by the adrenal cortex. 18-Hydroxycortisol is a cortisol derivative and a steroidogenic intermediate. 18-Hydroxycortisol can be used for primary aldosteronism (PA) research[1].
(2S,3R,4S)-4-Hydroxyisoleucine is an orally active compound isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum, with anti-diabetes and anti-diabetic nephropathy activity[1].
PK44 phosphate is a potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 15.8 nM[1].
Hematin, an iron-containing porphyrin, inhibits the activity of clotting factors and also fibrin clot lysis through the mechanism of binding to and inactivation of hemostatic proteins[1]. Hematin can be used for the research of acute porphyrias and cancer[1][2][3][4][5].
Human PTH-(1-31) is the 1-31 fragment of human PTH. Human PTH-(1-31) stimulates the release of cAMP and also is a weaker stimulator of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase. Human PTH-(1-31) induces bone formation without inducing bone resorption. Human PTH-(1-31) has the potential for the research of osteoporosis[1][2].
HPSE1-IN-1 (compound 16) is a selective inhibitor of Heparanase-1 (HPSE1) with moderate inhibitory activity against exo-β-d-glucuronidase (GUSβ) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA)[1].
Rivoglitazone is a thiazolidinedione-derivative PPARγ agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Lipoprotein lipase Lipoprotein lipase is a multifunctional enzyme from adipose tissue, heart and skeletal muscle, islets and macrophages. Lipoprotein lipase promotes normal lipoprotein metabolism, delivery and utilization of tissue-specific substrates. Lipoprotein lipase catalyzes the rate-limiting step of lipids in blood circulation[1][2].
Lactupicrin (Lactucopicrin) is a characteristic bitter sesquiterpene lactone that can relieve pain. Lactupicrin exhibits atheroprotective effect[1][2].
Heptadecanoic-d33 acid is the deuterium labeled Heptadecanoic acid. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1].
Poststatin is a pecific prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitor. Poststatin inhibits bradykinin-degrading enzymes in rat urine[1][2].