Cyclamide (Cicloral), an oligopeptide, can be produced by cyanobacteria algae strains. Cyclamide can be used for the research of diabetes mellitus[1][2].
Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide), a metabolite of estrogen, is well known to cause intrahepatic cholestasis in humans. Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) is a high-affinity substrate for oatp organic anion transporter[1].
Candoxatril is a neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor.
Vildagliptin-d3 (LAF237-d3) is the deuterium labeled Vildagliptin. Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity[1][2].
Ramatercept is a soluble ActRIIB receptor and can be used as a soluble activin receptor 2 (ACVR2) antagonist. Ramatercept inhibits the signal pathway of muscle growth inhibition and has potential application in muscle atrophy[1][2][3].
Somatostatin-28 (sheep) is a biologically active polypeptide, synthesised in the proximal intestinal epithelial cells. Somatostatin-28 (sheep) suppresses glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without affecting circulating basal insulin concentration. Somatostatin-28 (sheep) also targets to somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SSTR5) to regulate GLP-1 secretion[1][2].
FOY 251 is an anti-proteolytic active metabolite camostate (HY-13512), acts as a proteinase inhibitor[1].
3FAx-Neu5Ac (compound 8), a Sialic acid peracetylated analog, is a sialyltransferase inhibitor. 3FAx-Neu5Ac substantially reduces expression of the sialylated ligand sialyl Lewis X on myeloid cells[1].
Resorufin butyrate is a fluorogenic substrate for triglyceride lipases and cholinesterase (Ex=570 nm, Em=580 nm)[1][2][3].
(R)-Fasiglifam is the inactive isomer of Fasiglifam (HY-10480), and can be used as an experimental control. Fasiglifam (TAK-875) is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable GPR40 agonist with EC50 of 72 nM.
UDP-β-D-glucose disodium is a the stereoisomer of UDP-α-D-glucose. UDP-β-D-glucose disodium is an oligosaccharide that can be used to synthesize glycoproteins and glycolipids. UDP-β-D-glucose disodium can be used as a substrate[1].
Repaglinide D5 (AG-EE 623ZW D5) is deuterium labeled Repaglinide. Repaglinide is an insulin secretagogue for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus[1].
3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of many food products, including beer, nuts, peanut, and pulses.
Phosphorylase b is one of the two forms of phosphorylase present in skeletal muscle. The other is Phosphorylase a, which can be transformed into one another. The conversion process requires the addition of divalent metal ions and ATP[1].
DG051 is a potent leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor of leukotriene B4 biosynthesis in the enzyme assay with an IC50=47 nM.
1,4-Butanediamine is an indicator of pollution-induced stress in higher plants: barley and rape stressed with Cr(III) or Cr(VI). 1,4-Butanediamine is an important source of GABA.
3,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone is an endogenous metabolite.
Gly-β-MCA, a bile acid, is a potent, sable, intestine-selective and oral bioactive farnesoid X receptor (FXR) inhibitor that may be a candidate for the treatment of metabolic disorders[1].
GPR109 receptor agonist-1 (Compound 3a) is a highly selective agonist of the human orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR109b, with the pEC50 of 6.4. GPR109 receptor agonist-1 can be used for the research of cardio-metabolic diseases[1].
Fotagliptin is a Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor (IC50=2.27 nM). Fotagliptin displays great security in rat and dog. Fotagliptin can be used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus research[1].
Eicosyl ferulate, a phenolic compound, is isolated from the fresh root and stem of Aristolochia kankauensis. Eicosyl ferulate exhibits glucose uptake stimulatory activity[1][2].
2',3'-cGAMP (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP) is a molecule in endogenous cGAMP mammalian cells which contains two distinct phosphodiester linkages, one between 2′-OH of GMP and 5′-phosphate of AMP, and the other between 3′-OH of AMP and 5′-phosphate of GMP. 2',3'-cGAMP is produced in mammalian cells in response to DNA in the cytoplasm and binds to STING with a high affinity and is a potent inducer of interferon-β (IFNβ)[1].
7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is an intermediate in synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol. 7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is a pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist. 7α-Hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one is a biomarker for bile acid loss, irritable bowel syndrome, and other diseases associated with defective bile acid biosynthesis. 7α-Hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one is the physiological substrate for CYP8B1[1][2].
Imiglucerase (Cerezyme) is a recombinant human glucocerebrosidase, ameliorates systemic manifestations such as hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia and skeletal abnormalities in patients with type 1 (non-neuronopathic) and type 3 (chronic neuronopathic) Gaucher's disease[1].
L-Alanine-13C,d1 (L-2-Aminopropionic acid-13C,d1) is the 13C- and deuterium labeled L-Alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.
Leptin (93-105), human, is amino acids 93 to 105 fragment of human leptin. Leptin is a 167-residue peptide hormone mainly produced by adipocytes and acts in the central nervous system to primarily coordinate the metabolic adaptations to fasting[1][2].
Gallic acid is an antioxidant which can inhibit both COX-2.
GPR35 agonist 3 is a synthetic GPR35 agonist with an EC50value of 1.4 μM. GPR35 agonist 3 can be used for the research of various diseases, such as gastric cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, immune system and peripheral nervous system[1].
20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol is an endogenous metabolic intermediate. 20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol to steroid hormones[1].
SecinH3 is an antagonist of cytohesins with IC50s of 5.4 μM, 2.4 μM, 5.4 μM, 5.6 μM, 5.6 μM and 65 μM for hCyh1, hCyh2, mCyh3, hCyh3, drosophila steppke and yGea2-S7, respectively.