2-Methylcyclohexanone is an endogenous metabolite.
D-Mannoheptulose is a major non-structural carbohydrate in avocado. D-mannoheptulose is a specific inhibitor of D-glucose phosphorylation. D-Mannoheptulose can block insulin release and utilization of carbohydrate in rat[1][2][3].
MGAT2-IN-4 (compound 33) is an inhibitor of monoacylglycerol transferase 2 (MGAT2), with liver metabolic stability. MGAT2-IN-4 can be used for research on obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)[1].
Picroside IV is an iridoid glycoside found in the underground parts of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora. Picroside IV is a derivative of Catalpol (HY-N0820)[1]. Catalpol has neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-spasmodic, anti-oxidant effects and anti-HBV effects[2].
Hypaphorine is an indole alkaloid isolated from Pisolithus tinctorius, and with neurological and glucose-lowering effects in rodents[1].
Dynasore is a cell-permeable dynamin inhibitor with an IC50 of 15 μM.
L-168049 is a potent, selective, orally active and non-competitive glucagon receptor antagonist with IC50s of 3.7 nM, 63 nM, and 60 nM for human, murine, and canine glucagon receptors, respectively[1][2].
Methoxyacetic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled Methoxyacetic acid[1]. Methoxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
KT5720 is a cell-permeable, potent, specific, reversible, ATP-competitive inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), with a Ki of 60 nM[1][2].
TM38837 is a peripheral selective cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist. TM38837 shows limited penetrance to the brain in order to minimize or prevent CNS adverse reactions, and preserves potential antiobesity effects. TM38837 reduces propensity for psychiatric side effects[1][2].
S6K-18 is a potent and selective p70S6K1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 52 nM[1].
Oleic acid-13C-1 is the 13C labeled Oleic acid. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].
Carveol is an endogenous metabolite.
Cholic acid sodium hydrate is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Cholic acid sodium hydrate facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Cholic acid sodium hydrate is orally active[1][2].
Arachidonic acid-alkyne is aω‑alkynyl lipid surrogates for polyunsaturated fatty acid. Arachidonic acid-alkyne has low rates of oxidation. Arachidonic acid-alkyne can be used for tracking the polyunsaturated fatty acids[1].
CP-868388 free base is a potent, selective and orally active PPARα agonist with a Ki value of 10.8 nM. CP-868388 free base has little or no affinity for PPARβ (Ki of 3.47 μM) and PPARγ. CP-868388 free base has hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory actions[1].
PF-04620110 is an orally active, selective and potent diglyceride acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1) inhibitor with IC50 of 19 nM.IC50 value: 19 nM [1]Target: DGAT1PF-04620110 and imipramine (internal standard) were separated using a Hypersil Gold C18 column, with a mixture of acetonitrile and 10 mm ammonium formate (90:10, v/v) as the mobile phase. The ion transitions monitored in positive-ion mode [M + H](+) of multiple-reaction monitoring were m/z 397.0 -260.2 for PF-04620110 and m/z 280.8 - 86.0 for imipramine. The detector response was specific and linear for PF-04620110 at concentrations within the range 0.05-50 μg/mL and the signal-to-noise ratios for the samples were ≥10 [2].
β-Tocopherol is an analogue of vitamin E, exhibits antioxidant properties. β-Tocopherol can inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. β-Tocopherol also can prevent the inhibition of cell growth and of PKC activity caused by d-alpha-tocopherol[1][2][3].
Ecdysone (α-Ecdysone), a major steroid hormone in insects and herbs, triggers mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation and induces cellular apoptosis. Ecdysone plays essential roles in coordinating developmental transitions and homeostatic sleep regulation through its active metabolite 20-hydroxyecdysone (Crustecdysone; 20E; HY-N6979)[1][2].
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic drug of the thiazide class. Target: OthersHydrochlorothiazide belongs to thiazide class of diuretics. It reduces blood volume by acting on the kidneys to reduce sodium (Na) reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. The major site of action in the nephron appears on an electroneutral Na+-Cl? co-transporter by competing for the chloride site on the transporter. By impairing Na transport in the distal convoluted tubule, hydrochlorothiazide induces a natriuresis and concomitant water loss. Thiazides increase the reabsorption of calcium in this segment in a manner unrelated to sodium transport. Additionally, by other mechanisms, Hydrochlorothiazide is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance [1].
Solnatide (AP 301) is an inhaled synthetic peptide agent composed of 17 natural amino acids. Solnatide can directly activate the epithelial sodium channel. Solnatide can be used for the research of lung function[1][2].
Demethoxycapillarisin (6-Demethoxycapillarisin) inhibits PEPCK mRNA levels (IC50: 43 μM) by activation of the PI3K pathway. Demethoxycapillarisin decreases glucose production[1].
Adipic acid-13C6 is the 13C labeled Adipic acid[1]. Adipic acid is found to be associated with HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, and medium Chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism[2].
4μ8C (IRE1 Inhibitor III) is a small-molecule inhibitor of IRE1α.
Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
(±)-CPSI-1306 is an orally available antagonist of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF).
AZD1656 is a potent, selective and orally active glucokinase activator with an EC50 of 60 nM. AZD1656 has the potential for type 2 diabetes research[1][2][3].
DL-Tryptophan is an endogenous metabolite.
Methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate is an endogenous metabolite.