L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans[1].
Lalistat 2 is a specific inhibitor of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) with no effect on other forms of lipase[1].
TUG-770 is a highly potent free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) agonist with EC50 of 6 nM for hFFA1.IC50 Value: 6 nM (hFFA1, EC50) [1]Target: GPR40in vitro: TUG-770 (Compound 22) displayed excellent physicochemical and in vitro ADME properties, with good aqueous solubility, good chemical stability, low lipophilicity, and decreased plasma protein binding (PPB). TUG-770 furthermore showed excellent stability toward human liver microsomes (HLM), no inhibition of selected CYP-enzymes implicated in drug-drug interactions, no P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition, and good permeability in the Caco-2 cell assay [1].in vivo: Examination of TUG-770 in an acute intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) in normal mice revealed a good dose dependent response with maximal reduction in glucose level reached at 50 mg/kg. The effect of TUG-770 was fully sustained after 29 days of daily oral treatment. Additional evaluation of TUG-770 in rats confirmed a significant glucose lowering effect for the high doses already after 10 min and for all doses after 30 min [1].Clinical trial:
Tripeptide-32isa bioactive peptide with anti-aging effect and has been reported used as a cosmetic ingredient[1].
D-Glucose-d1-1 is the deuterium labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response[1].
Ursocholic acid, a bile acid found predominantly in bile of mammals, is an inhibitor of 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α.
GCGR antagonist 2, a Furan-2-carbohydrazide, is an orally active glucagon receptor antagonist. GCGR antagonist 2 binds to hGluR with an Kd value of 2.3 nM, and inhibits rat receptor with an IC50 value of 0.43 nM. GCGR antagonist 2 inhibits glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis[1][2].
L-Alanine-d3 (L-2-Aminopropionic acid-d3) is the deuterium labeled L-Alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.
Benzbromarone is a highly effective and well tolerated non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, used as an uricosuric agent, used in the treatment of gout.
Carboxypeptidase B is a peptide exonuclease that can specifically degrade peptide chains. Carboxypeptidase B is progressively degraded from the C-terminal to release free amino acids. Carboxypeptidase B hydrolyzes only peptide bonds with basic amino acids (such as arginine and lysine) as C-terminal residues[1][2].
T-1095 is a selective and orally active Na+-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitor with IC50s of 22.8 µM and 2.3 µM for human SGLT1 and SGLT2, respectively. T-1095 can be used for diabetes research[1].
L162441 is an Angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist.
L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase activity in a noncompetitive manner and suppresses the plasma glucose increase due to sucrose ingestion.
Glucagon is a peptide hormone that helps regulate the blood sugar (glucose) levels in the body.
Lerodalcibep (LIB003) is a recombinant fusion protein of a PCSK9-binding domain (adnectin) and human serum albumin. Lerodalcibep is a Lipid-lowering agent. Lerodalcibep can be used for the research of hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases[1].
Insulin icodec is a basal insulin analog. Insulin icodec can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes[1].
Arimoclomol citrate (BRX-220 citrate) is a co-inducer of heat shock proteins (HSP)[1]. Arimoclomol citrate protects motor neurons by enhancing Hsp expression, thus directly affecting protein aggregation and clearance of misfolded assemblies via the proteasome-ubiquitin system[2].
Elobixibat hydrate is a potent ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.53 ± 0.17 nM, 0.13 ± 0.03 nM, and 5.8 ± 1.6 nM for human IBAT, mouse IBAT, and canine IBAT. Elobixibat hydrate can be used for chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) research[1].
2'-O,4'-C-Methyleneadenosine (LNA-A) is a locked nucleic acid (LNA) and is also an adenosine analog[1].
Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) trilithium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A trilithium regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A trilithium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis[1][2][3][4].
Caulophyllogenin is a triterpene saponin extracted from M. polimorpha. Caulophyllogenin is a partial PPARγ agonist, with an EC50 of 12.6 μM. Caulophyllogenin can be used for the research of type-2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and inflammation[1][2].
Tripamide is an orally active sulfonamide-derived diuretic antihypertensive agent[1].
2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.
Previtamin D3 is an intermediate in the production of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)[1].
CDK8-IN-3 is an inhibitor of CDK8 extracted from patent WO2016041618A1, compound example 1.7.
Org 25935 is a potent and selective glycine transporter 1 protein (GlyT1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 100 nM. Org 25935 can decrease ethanol (EtOH) intake and EtOH preference in rats, whereas water intake is unaffected. Org 25935 can be used for researching alcohol dependence or abuse[1].
m-Anisaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.
S-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)glutathione is a substrate for glutathione-S-transferase. (2,4-Dinitrophenyl)glutathione can be used as an irreversible glutathione reductase inhibitor with an Ki value of 30 µM[1][2].
1-Dodecanol-d26 is the deuterium labeled 1-Dodecanol[1]. 1-Dodecanol is an endogenous metabolite.
Resolvin D1 methyl ester (RvD1 methyl ester) is the methyl ester of Resolvin D1 (HY-125527). Resolvin D1 methyl ester reduces triglyceride levels[1].