Beacon (47-73) is a C-terminal peptide fragment 47-73 of Beacon, and Beacon is a protein of 73 amino acid. Beacon (47-73) can be used for metabolic syndrome research[1][2].
Gliquidone (AR-DF 26) is an anti-diabetic drug in the sulfonylurea class, used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2.
TMPD dihydrochloride, a readily oxidizable compound, is an enzymatically convert redox active substrate molecule. TMPD dihydrochloride is also an electron donor and serves as a reducing cosubstrate for heme peroxidases[1][2]. TMPD dihydrochloride is also a complex IV substrate[3].
Pancreastatin (33-49), porcine is a pancreastatin fragment. Pancreastatin is a peptide isolated from porcine pancreas which has insulin-suppressive actions in vitro. Pancreastatin (33-49), porcine enhances the priming effect of glucose[1][2].
NMTCA (NMTPRO) is a sulfur-containing N-nitrosamino acid. NMTCA can be used as an indicator of endogenous nitrosation by gas chromatography-thermalenergyanalysis[1][2].
Nequinate, a quinoline compound, is an anticoccidial agent against cecal coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella) infections[1]. Nequinate inhibits xanthine oxidoreductase (XOD) activity[2].
Evinacumab (REGN1500) is a humanised anti-ANGPTL3 (angiopoietin-like protein 3) monoclonal antibody (IgG4 class antibody). Evinacumab reduces plasma lipids in dyslipidemic mice by blocking ANGPTL3. Evinacumab can be used in studies of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH), refractory hypercholesterolaemia (both familial and non-familial) and severe hypertriglyceridaemia[1].
3b-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid is a monohydroxy bile acid of endogenous origin and could be found in children with the syndrome of hepatic ductular hypoplasia.
GLP-1 receptor agonist 12 (compound 20A) is an agonist of GLP Receptor. GLP-1 receptor agonist 12 can be used in the study of diseases such as diabetes[1].
Adipokinetic hormone II (Locusta migratoria) (Lom-AKH-II) is a insect adipokinetic hormone (AKH), enhances fat body cAMP levels in vitro. Insect adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) controls flight-directed mobilization of carbohydrate and lipid from fat body stores, which depends on AKH receptor(s) coupling to cAMP formation and glycogen phosphorylase activation via the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gs)[1][3].
Vitamin B15 (Pangamic Acid) is a natural, ubiquitously in plant seeds substance and can used be as an agent stimulating cellular respiration. Vitamin B15 contains D-gluconodimethyl amino acetic acid. Vitamin B15 is also a immune-correcting agent[1][2]. Vitamin B15 can be used for wide range of diseases.
11-Oxomogroside IIIE is a cucurbitane triterpene glycoside isolated from Lo Han Kuo (Siraitia grosvenori)[1].
PPARα/γ agonist 2 is an orally active PPARα full agonist and PPARγ partial agonist. PPARα/γ agonist 2 activates PPARα and PPARγ with EC50 values of 0.95 μM and 0.91 μM respectively. PPARα/γ agonist 2 is also a PTP1B inhibitor. PPARα/γ agonist 2 is an anti-diabetic agent[1].
Hyodeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid formed in the small intestine by the gut flora, and acts as a TGR5 (GPCR19) agonist, with an EC50 of 31.6 µM in CHO cells.
Tetragastrin (Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide; CCK-4) is the C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. Tetragastrin can stimulate gastric secretion[1]. Tetragastrin is a Cholecystokinin (CCK-4) receptor agonist[2]. Gastric mucosal protection[3].
Palmitoyl tripeptide-38 is a bioactive peptide with anti-aging effect [1].
Balaglitazone is a selective partial PPARγ agonist with an EC50 of 1.351 μM for human PPARγ.
Oxyresveratrol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 3) is a natural product that can be obtained from the root bark of Morus atropurpurea. Oxyresveratrol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has potential in studies of diabetes, arthritis, rheumatism, cough and headache[1].
Ametryn, a member of the Triazine chemical family, is a herbicide which inhibits photosynthesis and other enzymatic processes. Ametryn is effective against annual broadleaf weeds and grasses[1].
Niacin (Vitamin B3) is a water-soluble vitamin and is part of the vitamin B group.Target: OthersNiacin (also known as vitamin B3 and nicotinic acid) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NO2 and, depending on the definition used, one of the 20 to 80 essential human nutrients. Not enough niacin in the diet can cause nausea, skin and mouth lesions, anemia, headaches, and tiredness. Chronic Niacin deficiency leads to a disease called pellagra. The lack of niacin may also be observed in pandemic deficiency disease which is caused by a lack of five crucial vitamins: niacin,vitamin C, thiamin, vitamin D and vitamin A, and is usually found in areas of widespread poverty and malnutrition.Niacin has been used for over 50 years to increase levels of HDL in the blood and has been found to decrease the risk of cardiovascular events modestly in a number of controlled human trials. Niacin cannot be directly converted to nicotinamide, but both compounds could be converted to and are precursors of NAD and NADP in vivo.Nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and tryptophan (via quinoline acid) are co-factors for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). NAD converts to NADP by phosphorylation in the presence of the enzyme NAD+ kinase. NADP and NAD are coenzyme for many dehydrogenases, participating in many hydrogen transfer processes. NAD is important in catabolism of fat, carbohydrate, protein, and alcohol, as well as cell signaling and DNA repair, and NADP mostly in anabolism reactions such as fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis.High energy requirements (brain) or high turnover rate (gut, skin) organs are usually the most susceptible to their deficiency.
Glucoamylase is an enzyme derived from many sources including plants, animals and microorganisms, can be use for industrial production. Glucoamylase can be widely used for starch saccharification, brewing and distilling industry[1].
2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid is a compound identified in purple perilla extracts. 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid inhibits M1 macrophage phenotype-mediated inflammation in diabetes[1].
Orlistat is a lipase inhibitor for obesity management that acts by inhibiting the absorption of dietary fats.
Creatine kinase catalyzes the reversible reaction of creatine and ATP to form phosphocreatine and ADP. Creatine kinase is a key enzyme for maintaining a constant ATP/ADP ratio during rapid energy turnover[1].
Tecarfarin sodium (ATI-5923 sodium) is a novel orally active non-competitive vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) antagonist, impairs the activation of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX and X[1]. Tecarfarin sodium has the antithrombotic activity, attenuates venous and arterial thrombus formation in animal models by reducing the levels of the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors[2].
NAD (β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) sodium is an analogue of NAD. NAD sodium can be reduced to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) during coupling with reactions which oxidize organic substrates. NAD sodium can be converted to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and passes to the inside of mitochondria that indirectly generates ATP[1].
Thiolutin (Acetopyrrothin) is a disulfide-containing antibiotic and anti-angiogenic compound produced by Streptomyces. Thiolutin inhibits the JAMM metalloproteases Csn5, Associated-molecule-with-the-SH3-Domain-of-STAM (AMSH) and Brcc36[1]. Thiolutin is a potent and selective inhibitor of endothelial cell adhesion accompanied by rapid induction of Heat-shock protein beta-1 (Hsp27) phosphorylation[2].
2-Deoxy-D-galactose is a glucose analog. 2-Deoxy-D-galactose inhibits glycolysis to inhibits tumor growth. 2-Deoxy-D-galactose is a substance interfering with the fucosylation of glycomacromolecules and impairing memory consolidation in various learning tasks. 2-Deoxy-d-galactose hinders glycoprotein fucosylation in vivo[1].
L-Phenylalanine-13C9,15N ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid-13C9,15N) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].