4'-O-Methylochnaflavone is a biflavonoid isolated from Lonicera japonica, suppresses mouse lymphocyte proliferation[1].
Humantenirine is an indole alkaloid isolated from Gelsemium sempervirens[1].
Tuftsin is a tetrapeptide. Tuftsin is a macrophage/microglial activator.
Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM.
Hydroxyevodiamine (Rhetsinine) inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 value of 24.1 μM[1].
AZD1981 is a potent and selective CRTh2 antagonist; displaces radio-labelled PGD2 from human recombinant DP2 with high potency (pIC50 = 8.4).IC50 value:Target: GPR44 antagonistin vitro: AZD1981 produced a concentration-dependent displacement of the [3H]PGD2-specific binding with a mean pIC50 of 8.4 ± 0.1 (n = 25, geometric mean IC50 of 4 nM). AZD1981 had no significant affinity towards recombinant human DP1 receptors with only a mean 27% (range 14–50%; n = 4) displacement of [3H]PGD2-specific binding observed at the highest concentration tested (10 μM). Compared with the binding potency for DP2, AZD1981 showed 10-fold selectivity over rat aldose reductase and 1700-fold selectivity over rat steroid 5α-reductase.In eosinophils, a single concentration of 1 μM, AZD1981 caused a large (20-fold) rightward parallel shift in the 15R-methyl PGD2 E/[A] curve with no evidence of a decrease in the maximal response. The effect of AZD1981 was therefore investigated using a single sub-maximal concentration of agonist (1 μM). AZD1981 produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of eosinophil migration with a pIC50 value of 7.6 ± 0.1 (n = 4) [1].in vivo: Using the previously described guinea pig hind limb model , 10 nM AZD1981 significantly inhibited DK-PGD2-induced eosinophil mobilization by approximately 50%, and the response was completely inhibited with 100 nM AZD1981 [1]. in vivo: AZD1981 exhibited good cross-species binding activity against mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit and dog DP2 . Evaluation in mouse, rat or rabbit cell systems was not possible as they did not respond to DP2 agonists. Agonist responses were seen in guinea pig and dog, and AZD1981 blocked DP2 -mediated eosinophil shape change. Such responses were more robust in the guinea pig, where AZD1981 also blocked DP2 -dependent eosinophil emigration from bone marrow [1]. There was no beneficial clinical effect of AZD1981, at a dose of 1000 mg twice daily for 4 weeks, in patients with moderate to severe COPD. AZD1981 was well tolerated and no safety concerns were identified [3].
YM-58483 is the first selective and potent inhibitor of CRAC channels and subsequent Ca2+ signals.
Microcolin B is an extremely potent unusual acylpeptide, proline-containing potent immunosuppressant. Microcolin B is isolated from blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscule[1].
CXCR7 antagonist-1 is an inhibitor of the binding of the SDF-1 chemokine (CXCL12 chemokine) or I-TAC (CXCL11) to the chemokine receptor CXCR. CXCR7 antagonist-1 prevents tumor cell proliferation, tumor formation, inflammatory diseases, and many other diseases (extracted from patent WO2014085490A1, compound 1.128)[1].
(E)-m-Coumaric acid (3-Hydroxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid that highly abundant in food. (E)-m-Coumaric acid (3-Hydroxycinnamic acid) is an antioxidant.
Mulberrofuran A is a natural product, that can be isolated from the root bark of mulberry tree. Mulberrofuran A inhibits the formations of 12-hydroxy-,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and thromboxane B2 (cyclooxygenase products), but it increases the formation of 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) (12-lipoxygenase product)[1].
Alnuctamab (EM901) is an asymmetric 2-arm, humanized IgG T-cell engager (TCE). Alnuctamab can be used for immune research[1].
MTOB sodium is a potent C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) inhibitor. MTOB sodium attenuates repetitive head injury-elicited neurologic dysfunction and neuroinflammation via inhibition of the transactivation activity of CtBP1 and CtBP2. MTOB sodium antagonizes the transcriptional regulatory activity of CtBP1 and CtBP2 by eviction from their target promoters in breast cancer cell lines[1][2].
Selnoflast (example 6) is a NLRP3 inhibitor (extracted from patent WO2019008025)[1].
MMK1 is a potent and selective human formyl peptide receptor like-1 (FPRL-1/FPR2) agonist with EC50s of <2 nM and >10000 nM for FPRL-1 and FPR1, respectively. MMK1 is a potent chemotactic and calcium-mobilizing agonist. MMK-1 potently activated phagocytic leukocytes and could enhance Pertussis Toxin (HY-112779)-sensitive production by human monocytes of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IL-6. MMK1 exerts anxiolytic-like activity[1][2][3][4].
3-Demethylcolchicine, a colchicine metabolite, possesses a hydroxy-group on its carbon ring that could participate in radical scavenging and markedly inhibits the carrageenin edema[1][2].
Atorolimumab (P3x22914G4) is a monoclonal antibody used for immunotherapies targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1)[1].
Diphenyleneiodonium chloride is a NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor and also functions as a TRPA1 activator with an EC50 of 1 to 3 μM.
Budesonide impurity C is an impurity of Budesonide. Budesonide, an inhaled glucocortical steroid, is an orally active glucocorticoid receptor agonist[1][2].
Sophoricoside is an isoflavone glycoside isolated from Sophora japonica and has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunosuppressive effects.
Phenylethanolamine A acts as a β-adrenergic agonist. Phenylethanolamine A is a byproduct during the Ractopamine synthesis process[1].
VUF-10497 is a histamine H4 receptor inverse agonist (pKi = 7.57). VUF-10497 was found to possess anti-inflammatory properties in vivo in the rat. VUF-10497 also possesses a considerable affinity for the human histamine H1 receptor.
JNJ-7777120 is a selective H4R antagonist with Ki of 4 ±1 nM, exhibits >1000-fold selectivity over the other histamin receptors.IC50 value: 4 ±1 nM (Ki) [1] Target: histamine H4 receptorin vitro: JNJ-7777120 prevents fibronectin-induced lung fibroblast migration, thus suggesting that H4R could represent an attractive target for the development of new drugs for lung fibrosis treatment .[2]in vivo: JNJ 7777120 blocks histamine-induced chemotaxis and calcium influx in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. In addition, it can block the histamine-induced migration of tracheal mast cells from the connective tissue toward the epithelium in mice. JNJ 7777120 significantly blocks neutrophil infiltration in a mouse zymosan-induced peritonitis model. [3]
Protease-Activated Receptor-3 (PAR-3) (1-6), human is a proteinase-activated receptor (PAR-3) agonist peptide[1].
Cycloartenyl ferulate (Cycloartenol ferulate) is one of the typical triterpene alcohols and possesses several biological activities including anti-oxidative activity, antiallergic activity, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities[1].
Peripheral Myelin Protein P2 (53-78), bovine is derived from bovine peripheral myelin P2 protein amino acid residues 53-78. Peripheral Myelin Protein P2 (53-78), bovine is a T cell epitope for the induction of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in Lewis rats[1].
Ademetionine is an intermediate metabolite of methionine. Its involvement in methylation assists in cellular growth and repair, maintains the phospho-bilipid layer in cell membranes. It also helps in the maintenance of the action of several hormones and neurotransmitters that affect mood.
Methyl Salicylate (Wintergreen oil) is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Also used as a pesticide, a denaturant, a fragrance ingredient, and a flavoring agent in food and tobacco products[1]. A systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal in tobacco[2]. A topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Methyl salicylate lactoside is a COX inhibitor[4].
GW280264X is the mixed ADAM10/TACE (ADAM17) metalloproteinases inhibitor. GW280264X potently blocks TACE (ADAM17) and ADAM10 with IC50s of 8.0 nM and 11.5 nM, respectively[1]. ADAM10 and 17 modulate the immunogenicity of glioblastoma-initiating cells[2].
Atorvastatin hemicalcium trihydrate is an orally active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has the ability to effectively decrease blood lipids. Atorvastatin hemicalcium trihydrate inhibits human SV-SMC proliferation and invasion with IC50s of 0.39 μM and 2.39 μM, respectively[1][2][3].