MMV390048 is a representative of a new chemical class of Plasmodium PI4K inhibitor (Kdapp=0.3 µM). MMV390048 binds to the ATP binding site of Plasmodium PI4K and does not bind to other P. falciparum and human kinases apart from human PIP4K2C, thus alleviating potential kinase-mediated safety concerns. MMV390048 is an antimalarial agent[1].
SARS-CoV-2 nsp13-IN-2 (Compound C2) is a SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 13 (nsp13) small-molecule inhibitor with an IC50 of 42 μM against nsp13 ssDNA+ ATPase[1].
Eugenol acetate (Eugenyl acetate), a major phytochemical constituent of the essential oil exhibits antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-virulence activities. Eugenol acetate (Eugenyl acetate), a phytochemical in clove essential oil, against clinical isolates of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata.
Cabraleahydroxylactone is a dammarane triterpenoid with antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis[1].
Picarbutrazox is a potent pesticide and fungicide. Picarbutrazox can be used for corn and soybean to control Pythium and Phytophthora. Picarbutrazox can be used in agricultural production and control[1][2].
L-Methionine γ-lyase (Methionine lyase) is a multifunctional enzyme, which belongs to the γ-family of pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme. L-Methionine γ-lyase can catylyse α, γ-elimunation of L-methionine and homocysteine. L-Methionine γ-lyase has anticancer and anti-infectious activity, and also can be used for homocysteinemia study[1][2][3].
(+)-Ketoconazole is an imidazole anti-fungal agent, a CYP3A4 inhibitor.Target: CYP3A4 (+)-Ketoconazole, an imidazole anti-fungal agent, has often produced features of androgen deficiency including decreased libido, gynecomastia, impotence, oligospermia, and decreased testosterone levels, in men being treated for chronic mycotic infections [1]. (+)-Ketoconazole also is a cytochrome P450 inhibitor [2].(+)-Ketoconazole (KTZ), on the antischistosomal potential of these quinolines against Schistosoma mansoni infection by evaluating parasitological, histopathological, and biochemical parameters. Mice were classified into 7 groups: uninfected untreated (I), infected untreated (II), infected treated orally with PZQ (1,000 mg/kg) (III), QN (400 mg/kg) (IV), KTZ (10 mg/kg)+QN as group IV (V), HF (400 mg/kg) (VI), and KTZ (as group V)+HF (as group VI) (VII). KTZ plus QN or HF produced more inhibition (P<0.05) in hepatic CYP450 (85.7% and 83.8%) and CYT b5 (75.5% and 73.5%) activities, respectively, than in groups treated with QN or HF alone. This was accompanied with more reduction in female (89.0% and 79.3%), total worms (81.4% and 70.3%), and eggs burden (hepatic; 83.8%, 66.0% and intestinal; 68%, 64.5%), respectively, and encountering the granulomatous reaction to parasite eggs trapped in the liver [3].Clinical indications: Candida infection; Dermatophytosis; Folliculitis FDA Approved Date: Toxicity: teratogenesis; liver injuries; adrenal gland problems
Rafoxanide is a salicylanilide used as an antiparasitic agent.
Diazolidinyl urea, a broad spectrum preservative, is a formaldehyde-releasing compound that releases formaldehyde through its decomposition. Diazolidinyl urea is effective against most contaminating microorganisms, especially Pseudomonas[1][2].
Oligomycin C is an antifungal agent isolated from Streptomyces strain[1].
Isofebrifugine, isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant, Chang Shan (Dichroa febrifuga), is a natural quinazolinone alkaloid with important physiological activities and good pharmacological effects. Antimalarial effect[1].
OV-1, sheep is an alpha-helical antimicrobial ovispirin peptide derived from SMAP29 peptide (sheep), which inhibits several antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains including mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa[1].
Valomaciclovir stearate (ABT 606), a nucleoside analog, is the Omaciclovir (HY-116174) prodrug. Valomaciclovir stearate has antiviral activity against HSV-1 and varicella zoster virus (VZV)[1].
Axl-IN-11 (Example 1) is a potent AXL inhibitor. Axl-IN-11 can be used for the research of proliferative diseases, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, inflammatory diseases, transplant rejection, cancers, viral infectious diseases or other diseases of mammals[1].
Miconazole (Monistat) is an imidazole antifungal agent.Target: AntifungalMiconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent, developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica, commonly applied topically to the skin or to mucous membranes to cure fungal infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. It can also be used against certain species of Leishmania protozoa which are a type of unicellular parasite that also contain ergosterol in their cell membranes. In addition to its antifungal and antiparasitic actions, it also has some antibacterial properties. Miconazole is also used in Ektachrome film developing in the final rinse of the Kodak E-6 process and similar Fuji CR-56 process, replacing formaldehyde. Fuji Hunt also includes miconazole as a final rinse additive in their formulation of the C-41RA rapid access color negative developing process. From Wikipedia.
Endotoxin inhibitor a synthetic peptide that binds lipid A with high affinity, thereby detoxifying LPS (HY-D1056) and preventing LPS-induced cytokine release in vivo. Endotoxin inhibitor inhibits the febrile response to LPS with very low toxicity and lethality[1].
Bederocin (REP8839) is a Methionyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor. Bederocin can be used in research of bacterial infection, including S. aureus and MRSA[1].
Canthin-6-one N-oxide (Canthin-6-one 3-oxide) is an orally active antiparasitic agent with limited activity[1].
AGPV, a tetrapeptide, has the potential for prevention of schistosome parasite infection research[1].
Procaine benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G procaine) is an antimicrobial agent. Procaine benzylpenicillin shows inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria and synergistic activity with Neomycin (HY-B0470). Procaine benzylpenicillin can be used in the study of bovine mastitis in animal husbandry[1].
Oligomycin A, created by Streptomyces, acts as a mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase inhibitor, with a Ki of 1 μM; Oligomycin A shows anti-fungal activity.
Shizukanolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, can be isolated from Chloranthus japonicus (Chloranthaceae). The dehydro-compound of Shizukanolide, shows moderate antifungal activity[1].
MurF-IN-1 (Compound 7) is a MurF inhibitor with an pIC50 of 5.19 against S. pneumoniae MurF[1].
Antitrypanosomal agent 4 (compound 19) is a potent and blood-brain barrier permeable antitrypanosomal agent. Antitrypanosomal agent 4 has good activity against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. b. brucei) with IC50s of 1.2 μM and 70 nM, respectively[1].
Donasine, indole alkaloid, is a nature product with effect of reducing fever. Donasine can be isolated from the rhizomes of Arundo donax L[1].
Filixic acid ABA is a molluscicidal agent against B. peregrina adult snails, with an LD50 of 8.40 ppm. Filixic acid ABA shows 100% mortality of B. peregrina at 15 ppm[1].
Human β-defensin-1 (HβD-1) is a cysteine-rich cationic skin-antimicrobial peptide (SAP) produced by all epithelial surfaces, but also by circulatory cells and cells of the reproductive tract. Human β-defensin-1 has antimicrobial activities against a broad-sperm bacteria[1].
Massarilactone H, a polyketide, is a neuraminidase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 8.18 µM[1].
Chaparrinone is a quassinoid that can be isolated from the root of Eurycoma harmandiana. Chaparrinone has antimalarial and cytotoxic activities against Plasmodium falciparum and P-388 cells (IC50: 0.037 and 0.34 μg/mL respectively)[1][2].