Proteasomes are very large protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. In eukaryotes, they are located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds. Enzymes that carry out such reactions are called proteases. Proteasomes are part of a major mechanism by which cells regulate the concentration of particular proteins and degrade misfolded proteins. The degradation process yields peptides of about seven to eight amino acids long, which can then be further degraded into amino acids and used in synthesizing new proteins. Proteins are tagged for degradation with a small protein called ubiquitin. The tagging reaction is catalyzed by enzymes called ubiquitin ligases. Once a protein is tagged with a single ubiquitin molecule, this is a signal to other ligases to attach additional ubiquitin molecules. The result is a polyubiquitin chain that is bound by the proteasome, allowing it to degrade the tagged protein.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

Ixazomib (MLN2238)

Ixazomib (MLN2238) is a selective, potent, and reversible proteasome inhibitor, which inhibits the chymotrypsin-like proteolytic (β5) site of the 20S proteasome with an IC50 of 3.4 nM (Ki of 0.93 nM).

  • CAS Number: 1072833-77-2
  • MF: C14H19BCl2N2O4
  • MW: 361.029
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

KZR-616

KZR-616 (KZR616) is a potent, selective dual immunoproteasome subunit LMP7/LMP2 inhibitor with IC50 of 39 nM/139 nM, weakly inhibits β5, MECL-1 and no acitivty against β1 subunit; shows no inhibition at 10 uM against a broad selectivity panel of 20 serine, metallo-, cysteine and aspartyl proteases and 11 hydrolases; demonstrates efficacy in the anti-collagen antibody induced arthritis (CAIA) models. Other Indication Phase 2 Clinical

  • CAS Number: 1629677-75-3
  • MF: C30H42N4O8
  • MW: 586.686
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Proteasome-IN-1

Proteasome-IN-1 is a proteasome inhibitor extracted from patent WO 2013142376 A1.

  • CAS Number: 374080-21-4
  • MF: C42H35N5O3
  • MW: 657.76
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Capzimin

Capzimin is a potent and moderately specific proteasome isopeptidase Rpn11 inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 2084868-04-0
  • MF: C30H24N6O2S4
  • MW: 628.81
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

FiVe1

FiVe1 is a vimentin binding small molecule that promotes vimentin disorganization and phosphorylation during metaphase, causes mitotic catastrophe, multinucleation, and the loss of stemness in cancer cells; selectively and irreversibly inhibits the growth of mesenchymally transformed breast cancer cells ( FOXC2-HMLER cells IC50=234 nM) and soft tissue sarcomas of diverse histological subtypes.

  • CAS Number: 932359-76-7
  • MF: C18H16Cl2N4
  • MW: 359.254
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

20S Proteasome activator 1

20S Proteasome activator 1 is a potent 20S proteasome activator with EC200 values of 0.3 μM, 0.7 μM and 1.8 μM for trypsin-like site, chymotrypsin-like site and caspase-like site. 20S Proteasome activator 1 translates well in a cellular system, preventing the accumulation of the pathogenic A53T mutant of α-synuclein. 20S Proteasome activator 1 can be used for researching neurodegenerative diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2761578-18-9
  • MF: C27H19ClF2N2OS
  • MW: 492.97
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Acetyl-Calpastatin (184-210) (human) trifluoroacetate salt

Acetyl-Calpastatin(184-210)(human) is a potent, selective and reversible calpain inhibitor with Ki values of 0.2 nM and 6 μM for µ-calpain and cathepsin L, respectively[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 123714-50-1
  • MF: C142H230N36O44S
  • MW: 3177.63000
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RID-F

RID-F is an inhibitor of the nonpeptidic proteasome.

  • CAS Number: 1020853-03-5
  • MF: C38H50N2O2
  • MW: 566.82
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-SBzl

Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-SBzl can be used as the substrate of rat intestinal mast cell protease (RMCP I), rat skeletal muscle mast cell protease (RMCP II) and Chymotrypsin (HY-108910). Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-SBzl can be hydrolyzed by glycine (R208G)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 80651-95-2
  • MF: C31H38N4O7S
  • MW: 610.72100
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Z-Leu-Leu-Tyr-α-keto aldehyde

Z-Leu-Leu-Tyr-COCHO is a potent chymotrypsin-like activity inhibitor with a Ki value of 3.0 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 204649-66-1
  • MF: C30H39N3O7
  • MW: 553.65
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 813.3±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 445.6±34.3 °C

Dazcapistat

Dazcapistat is a potent calpain inhibitor, with IC50s of <3 μM for calpain 1, calpain 2 and calpain 9, respectively (patent WO2018064119A1, compound 405)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2221010-42-8
  • MF: C21H18FN3O4
  • MW: 395.38
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Z-Ala-Arg-Arg-AMC hydrochloride salt

Z-Ala-Arg-Arg-AMC (Fluorogenic Proteasome Substrate) is a fluorogenic substrate for assaying trypsin-like activity of proteasome[1].

  • CAS Number: 90468-18-1
  • MF: C33H44N10O7
  • MW: 692.76500
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ML 604440

ML604440 is a potent, specific and cell permeable proteasome β1i (LMP2) subunit inhibitor[1].ML604440 impairs MHC class I cell surface expression, IL-6 secretion and differentiation of naïve T helper cells to T helper 17 cells. ML604440 strongly ameliorates disease in experimental colitis and EAE[2].

  • CAS Number: 1140517-08-3
  • MF: C17H24BF3N2O4
  • MW: 388.19
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Glycyrrhetinic acid

18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid, a diet-derived compound, is an inhibitor of NF-kB and an activator of proteasome, which serves as pro-longevity and anti-aggregation factor in a multicellular organism. 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid induces apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1449-05-4
  • MF: C30H46O4
  • MW: 470.684
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 588.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 331-333°C
  • Flash Point: 323.7±26.6 °C