LU-002i is a subunit-selective human proteasome β2c and β2i inhibitor with an IC50 value of 220 nM for β2i[1].
Delanzomib(CEP-18770) is a novel orally-active inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome that down-modulates the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity.IC50 Value: 3.8 nM [1]Target: proteasomein vitro: CEP-18770 and bortezomib showed comparable potency against chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity, cellular inhibitory activity (IC50) values of 3.8 (± 1.0) nM and 3.8 (± 0.4) nM, respectively, CEP-18770 had a 2- to 11-fold lower cytotoxic potency compared with bortezomib against solid tumor cell lines, comparable potency against 2 hematologic tumor cell lines, and a similar spectrum of antiproliferative activity with IC50 values for both compounds of less than 35 nM [1].in vivo: in MM xenograft models, the addition of CEP-18770 IV to melphalan completely prevented the growth of both melphalan-sensitive and melphalan-resistant tumours. The combination of CEP-18770 IV and bortezomib induced complete regression of bortezomib-sensitive tumours and markedly delayed progression of bortezomib-resistant tumours compared to treatment with either agent alone [2]. Age matched MRL/lpr or NZBWF1 mice with established SLE or LN, respectively, were treated with delanzomib either 3 mg/kg once or twice weekly intravenously or orally at 10 mg/kg [3]. Toxicity: CEP-18770 showed a favourable safety profile with lack of neurotoxicity and linear plasma PK. The definition of the optimal biological dose and schedule of treatment is actively pursued because of the high incidence of skin toxicity of the twice a week schedule [4].Clinical trial: CEP-18770 in Combination With Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Phase1/2
Enzyme-IN-1 (compound 1) is a peptide-based inhibitor of N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolases. Specifically, Enzyme-IN-1 inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity (CT-L) of the 20S proteasome. Enzyme-IN-1 may has potential antiinflammatory properties[1].
Alicapistat (ABT-957) is an orally active selective inhibitor of human calpains 1 and 2 for the potential use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
(1S,2S)-Bortezomib is an enantiomer of Bortezomib. Bortezomib is a cell-permeable, reversible, and selective proteasome inhibitor, and potently inhibits 20S proteasome (Ki of 0.6 nM) by targeting a threonine residue. Bortezomib disrupts the cell cycle, induces apoptosis, and inhibits NF-κB. Bortezomib is an anti-cancer agent and the first therapeutic proteasome inhibitor to be used in humans[1][2][3].
ML604440 is a potent, specific and cell permeable proteasome β1i (LMP2) subunit inhibitor[1].ML604440 impairs MHC class I cell surface expression, IL-6 secretion and differentiation of naïve T helper cells to T helper 17 cells. ML604440 strongly ameliorates disease in experimental colitis and EAE[2].
cysteine protease inhibitor of calpain that rapidly penetrates the blood-brain barrier following systemic administration[1][2]. MDL-28170 also block γ-secretase[4].
A-933548 is a potent Calpain inhibitor. A-933548 features enhanced selectivity versus related cysteine protease cathepsins, favorable microsomal stability, and efficacy in cellular assays.
BDA-410 is a cysteine protease inhibitor with ki values of 130 nM and 630 nM for calpain-1 and calpain-2, respevtively. BDA-410 inhibits recombinant falcipain-2B with an IC50 of 628 nM and exhibits anti-malarial effects[1].
18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid, a diet-derived compound, is an inhibitor of NF-kB and an activator of proteasome, which serves as pro-longevity and anti-aggregation factor in a multicellular organism. 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid induces apoptosis[1][2].
Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid, found in the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tomatine elicits neurotoxicity in RIP1 kinase and caspase-independent manner. Tomatine promotes the upregulation of nuclear apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in neuroblastoma cells. Tomatine also inhibits 20S proteasome activity[1].
KZR-616 maleate, a first-in-class immunoproteasome inhibitor, selectively targets the LMP7 (IC50: 39/57 nM=hLMP7/mLMP7) and LMP2 (IC50: 131/179 nM=hLMP7/mLMP7) subunits of the immunoproteasome. KZR-616 maleate has the potential for the research of multiple autoimmune diseases[1][2].
MeOSuc-Gly-Leu-Phe-AMC is a peptide substrate of proteasomal[1].
Calpain Inhibitor-1 (compound 36) is a potent and selective cysteine protease calpain 1 (Cal1) inhibitor (IC50=100 nM; Ki=2.89 μM)[1].