CALP1 is a calmodulin (CaM) agonist (Kd of 88 µM) with binding to the CaM EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site. CALP1 blocks calcium influx and apoptosis (IC50 of 44.78 µM) through inhibition of calcium channel opening. CALP1 blocks glutamate receptor channels and blocks a store-operated nonselective cation channel. CALP1 activates CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase activity[1][2][3][4].
Mirodenafil(SK3530) is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor developed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.Target: PDE5Mirodenafil is a newly developed oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. Mirodenafil, in doses of 50 or 100 mg, significantly improved erectile function and were well tolerated in a representative population of Korean men with broad-spectrum ED of various etiologies and severities [1]. The concurrent administration of mirodenafil with alcohol was not associated with clinically significant hemodynamic changes in these healthy male volunteers in Korea. The pharmacoki-netics of mirodenafil were not significantly altered by this concurrent administration. Mirodenafil administered with alcohol had a tolerability profile comparable to that of mirodenafil alone [2]. In these healthy Korean male volunteers, the coadministration of ketoconazole and rifampicin resulted in significant changes in systemic exposure to mirodenafil [3].
5,7-Diacetoxy-8-methoxyflavone is a natural product that could come from scutellaria genus plants. 5,7-Diacetoxy-8-methoxyflavone has inhibitory activity for cAMP phosphodiesterase[1].
N-Methylbenzamide is a potent phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor. N-Methylbenzamide has anti-cancer activity[1][2].
cis-Tadalafil is a PDE5 inhibitor (IC50: 0.09 μM). cis-Tadalafil can be used for research of cardiovascular diseases[1].
1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone is a Na+/H+ exchange system (Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE)) inhibitor with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μg/mL[1]. 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) (Phosphodiesterase (PDE)) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.0 μM[3]. 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone inhibits Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056))-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, and has anti-inflammatory activities[2].
Irsenontrine (E2027) maleate is an orally active and selective phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) inhibitor. Irsenontrine maleate can be used for the research of neurological diseases[1][2].
Reproterol is a dual acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist and PDE inhibitor. The theophylline constituent of Reproterol inhibits phosphodiesterase activity induced by adenylyl cyclase. Reproterol has the potential for asthma research[1][2].
Saterinone hydrochloride is a phosphodiesterase III (PDE III) inhibitor.
Mesembrine-d3 ((+)-Mesembrine-d3) is the deuterium labeled Mesembrine. Mesembrine ((+)-Mesembrine) a main alkaloid that features an aryloctahydroindole skeleton. Mesembrine is a 5-HT transporter inhibitor with a Ki of 1.4 nM. Mesembrine also inhibits phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) with an IC50 of 7.8 μM[1][2].
ITI-214 (free base) is a picomolar PDE1 inhibitor with excellent selectivity against other PDE family members and against a panel of enzymes, receptors, transporters, and ion channels, exhibits potent PDE1 inhibitory activity (Ki = 58 pM).IC50 value: 58 pM (Ki)Target: PDE1in vitro: ITI-214 exhibits picomolar inhibitory potency for PDE1, demonstrates excellent selectivity against all other PDE families. ITI214 exhibits excellent selectivity over other PDE familymembers. For instance, the Ki values of ITI214 against recombinant full-length human PDE1A, PDE1B, and PDE1C are 33 pM, 380 pM, and 35 pM, respectively. ITI214 is profiled in a panel of enzymes, receptors, transporters, and ion channels from Caliper at 10 μM, which is over 170000 times higher than its Ki for PDE1, and demonstrates good selectivity. [1]in vivo: ITI214 possesses a good overall profile with balanced physicochemical properties, excellent potency and selectivity, and good pharmacokinetics. ITI214 is found to significantly enhance memory performance in the test with a minimum effective dose of 3 mg/kg. [1]
Sildenafil (citrate)-d8 is the deuterium labeled Sildenafil citrate[1]. Sildenafil citrate is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with IC50 of 5.22 nM.
TC-E 5005 is a potent and selective PDE10A inhibitor with IC50 values of 7.28, 239, 779, 919, 3,100, and 3,700 nM for PDE10A, 2A, 11A, 5A, 7B and 3A, respectively. TC-E 5005 inhibits adrenergic and neurogenic smooth muscle contractions in the human prostate[1].
Tadalafil is a PDE5 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.8 nM.IC50 Value: 1.8±0.4nM [1]Target: PDE 5Tadalafil is marketed in pill form for treating erectile dysfunction(ED) under the name Cialis, and under the name Adcirca for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Tadalafil can elevate the level of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum and effectively improve ED of various causes and degrees.in vitro: Biochemical potencies (affinities) of these compounds for PDE5 determined by IC(50), K(D) (isotherm), K(D) (dissociation rate), and K(D) ((1/2) EC(50)), respectively, were the following: sildenafil (3.7 +/- 1.4, 4.8 +/- 0.80, 3.7 +/- 0.29, and 11.7 +/- 0.70 nM), tadalafil (1.8 +/- 0.40, 2.4 +/- 0.60, 1.9 +/- 0.37, and 2.7 +/- 0.25 nM); and vardenafil (0.091 +/- 0.031, 0.38 +/- 0.07, 0.27 +/- 0.01, and 0.42 +/- 0.10 nM). Thus, absolute potency values were similar for each inhibitor, and relative potencies were vardenafil >> tadalafil > sildenafil [1]. 0.5 ml tadalafil solutions with different concentrations were added (0.2, 0.1, 0.05 and 0.025 μg ml-1, respectively) into semen samples. In both groups, samples treated with 0.2 μg ml-1 tadalafil had significant increase in sperm motility after 2 h incubation [2].in vivo: The Tadalafil-treated group showed enhanced erectile function (intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure) at 0.3, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 Hz compared with diabetic group values at the respective frequencies (P <.05) that approached control values [3]. oral administration of tadalafil (20 mg) or sildenafil (100 mg) was given. In both groups, computer-assisted semen analysis parameters showed no significant difference. After the administration of tadalafil (2 h) and sildenafil (1 h), there was no significant difference observed in premature acrosome reaction incidence rate [2].Clinical trial: Study the Safety and Effectiveness of Tadalafil in Men With Problems Getting or Maintaining an Erection When Taken Prior to Desiring an Erection. Phase 3
TPN171 is a potent, selective and oral bioavailable inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) with an IC50 of 0.62 nM, being developed for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)[1].
Mangostanol ((+)-Mangostanol)) is a natural polyoxygenated xanthone mangostanol isolated from the shell of Garcinia mangostana which has inhibitory effect on cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE)[1].
(E/Z)-Ensifentrine is a dual inhibitor of PDE3/4. (E/Z)-Ensifentrine reduces the inflammatory cells into the airways. (E/Z)-Ensifentrine has bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo model[1].
Anagrelide Hydrochloride(BL4162A) is a drug used for the treatment of essential thrombocytosis.Target: PDEAnagrelide hydrochloride is an oral imidazoquinazoline agent that has been shown to reduce elevated platelet counts and the risk of thrombosis in patients with thrombocythaemia in various myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). It is currently approved by the FDA as oral treatment for essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and thrombocythaemia associated with polycythaemia vera (PV). Anagrelide is known to inhibit platelet cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase at concentrations that exceed those achieved at doses used to treat ET. Anagrelide is extensively metabolised in the liver and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine [1]. Anagrelide is an established platelet-reducing drug. Studies have also investigated the effects of anagrelide on platelets, indicating that platelet function is as important as platelet counts in ET [2].
Mirodenafil 2Hcl(SK3530 2Hcl) is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor developed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.Target: PDE5Mirodenafil is a newly developed oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. Mirodenafil, in doses of 50 or 100 mg, significantly improved erectile function and were well tolerated in a representative population of Korean men with broad-spectrum ED of various etiologies and severities [1]. The concurrent administration of mirodenafil with alcohol was not associated with clinically significant hemodynamic changes in these healthy male volunteers in Korea. The pharmacoki-netics of mirodenafil were not significantly altered by this concurrent administration. Mirodenafil administered with alcohol had a tolerability profile comparable to that of mirodenafil alone [2]. In these healthy Korean male volunteers, the coadministration of ketoconazole and rifampicin resulted in significant changes in systemic exposure to mirodenafil [3].
IBMX is a broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, with IC50s of 6.5, 26.3 and 31.7 μM for PDE3, PDE4 and PDE5, respectively.
Atizoram (CP-80,633), a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor, elevates plasma cyclic AMP levels and decreases tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) production in mice[1].
Crisaborole (AN-2728) is a potent inhibitor of PDE4 and cytokine release; inhibit PDE4 with an IC50 of 0.49 μM.
ATX inhibitor 18 is a potent ATX inhibitor with an IC50 value of 24.2 nM. ATX inhibitor 18 shows antiproliferative activity and anti-fibrosis activity. ATX inhibitor 18 suppresses collagen deposition in TGF-β-mediated cardiac fibrosis[1].
Piclamilast (RP 73401) is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 16 nM and 2 nM in pig aorta and eosinophil soluble, respectively[1][2][3][4].
PF-05085727 is a potent, selective and brain penetrant Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2 nM.
AN3199 is a PDE4 inhibitor with IC50 of 94.5 nM.IC50 value: 94.5 nM [1]Target: PDE4The detailed information please refer to Compound 11 in the reference.
Carbazeran, a potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is aldehyde oxidase substrate. Carbazeran can be used for the research of metabolic disease[1].
Sp-cAMPS triethylamine, a cAMP analog, is potent activator of cAMP-dependent PKA I and PKA II. Sp-cAMPS triethylamine is also a potent, competitive phosphodiesterase (PDE3A) inhibitor with a Ki of 47.6 µM. Sp-cAMPS triethylamine binds the PDE10 GAF domain with an EC50 of 40 μM[1][2][3].
PDE4-IN-10 (compound 7a) is a potent PDE4 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 7.01 μM for PDE4B. PDE4-IN-10 shows selectivity, microsomal stability, inhibition of TNF-α and no major toxicities in vitro[1].
VP3.15 dihydrobromide is a potent, orally bioavailable and CNS-penetrant dual phosphodiesterase (PDE)7- glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.59 μM and 0.88 μM for PDE7 and GSK-3, respectively. VP3.15 dihydrobromide has neuroprotective and neuroreparative activities, thus as potential combined anti-inflammatory and pro-remyelinating therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS)[1].