HA-155 is a potent and selective autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.7 nM[1][2][3].
Balipodect (TAK-063) is a highly potent, selective and orally active PDE10A inhibitor with IC50 of 0.30 nM; >15000-fold selectivity over other PDEs.
BI-2545 is a novel potent, selective, orally available Autotaxin inhibitor with IC50 of 2.1 and 3.4 nM for huamn and rat ATX, respectively; displays good potency in the LPA and rat whole blood assay (IC50=29 nM); shows substantial lowering of LPA in vivo, and excellent PK/Target Engagement relationship.
PDE4-IN-11 is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase isoenzyme 4 (PDE4). PDE4-IN-11 displays highly effective bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties, can be used for obstructive or inflammatory airway diseases research[1][2][3].
Ibudilast(KC-404;AV-411;MN-166) is a relatively nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which has been marketed for treating asthma.Target: PDEIbudilast (3-isobutyryl-2-isopropylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine) is a nonselective inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE). The inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilatation by ibudilast may be due to synergistic elevation of intracellular cyclic nucleotides and release of nitric oxide (NO) or prostacyclin from endothelium, rather than direct inhibition of PDE5 or PDE3. Another important property of ibudilast is its antiinflammatory activity possibly associated with potent inhibition of PDE4. Combined with its relaxing effects on bronchial smooth muscle, antiinflammatory actvity of ibudilast could favorably influence pathophysiology of asthma by antagonizing chemical mediators triggering asthmatic attacks [1, 2]. Ibudilast (AV-411) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that is also known to suppress glial cell activation. Preclinical data indicate that ibudilast crosses the blood-brain barrier, is well tolerated, is active on oral administration, reduces glial activation and attenuates pain symptoms in diverse rat models of neuropathic pain. In addition, it enhances acute morphine analgesia and attenuates morphine tolerance and withdrawal. Thus ibudilast may improve opioid efficacy and is a promising therapeutic candidate for neuropathic pain, with a novel mechanism of action [3].
BIO-32546 (example 12b, S-isomer) is an autotaxin (ATX) modulator, extracted from the patent US20170158687A1[1].
A novel potent, selective PDE9A inhibitor with IC50 of 11 nM, >45-fold selectivity over other PDE isoforms; shows better selectivity than (R)-C33 against PDE5.
Carbazeran (citrate), a potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is aldehyde oxidase substrate. Carbazeran (citrate) can be used for the research of metabolic disease[1].
Dovramilast (CC-11050) is an oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor and can reduce the inflammatory response and improves Isoniazid (INH)-mediated bacillary clearance from the lungs. Dovramilast (CC-11050), as an adjunct, is used for the research of tuberculosis (TB)[1].
FCPR03 is a novel potent, selective PDE4 inhibitor with IC50 of 60, 31 and 47 nM for PDE4CAT (PDE4 catalytic domain), PDE4B1 and PDE4D7, respectively; displays >2,000-fold selectivity over other PDEs; effectively increases the production of cAMP, promotes CREB phosphorylation, and inhibits NF-κB activation both in vitro and in vivo; displays anti-neuroinflammation potential, promising antidepressant-like effects in vivo.
Motapizone (NAT 05-239) is a selective PDE3 inhibitor. Motapizone moderately inhibits cytokine release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced alveolar macrophages. Motapizone also inhibits human platelet aggregation by increasing intracellular cAMP[1][2].
Phosphodiesterase-IN-1 (Compound 7) is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor with anti-Plasmodium activity. Phosphodiesterase-IN-1 has antiproliferative activity against P. falciparum (strain 3D7) with an IC50 value of 0.64 μM[1].
Theodrenaline is a cardiac stimulant, also acts as an anti-hypotensive agent together with cafedrine.
TPN729MA (TPN729 maleate) is a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.28 nM. TPN729MA affects erectile function and it can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction[1].
PDE1-IN-2 is an inhibitor of PDE1 extracted from patent WO2016/55618 A1, example 31; has IC50 values of 6, 140 and 164 nM for PDE1C, PDE1B and PDE1A, respectvely.
PDE10-IN-1 is a potent PDE10-IN-1 inhibitor extracted from Patent WO 2013192273 A1, for treating CNS and metabolic disorders.
Thioquinapiperifil (KF31327 free base), a potent, selective and non-competitive phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5, IC50 of 0.074 nM) inhibitor, is used for sexual enhancement study[1][2].
ITI-214 is a picomolar PDE1 inhibitor with excellent selectivity against other PDE family members and against a panel of enzymes, receptors, transporters, and ion channels, exhibits potent PDE1 inhibitory activity (Ki = 58 pM).IC50 value: 58 pM (Ki)Target: PDE1in vitro: ITI-214 exhibits picomolar inhibitory potency for PDE1, demonstrates excellent selectivity against all other PDE families. ITI214 exhibits excellent selectivity over other PDE familymembers. For instance, the Ki values of ITI214 against recombinant full-length human PDE1A, PDE1B, and PDE1C are 33 pM, 380 pM, and 35 pM, respectively. ITI214 is profiled in a panel of enzymes, receptors, transporters, and ion channels from Caliper at 10 μM, which is over 170000 times higher than its Ki for PDE1, and demonstrates good selectivity. [1]in vivo: ITI214 possesses a good overall profile with balanced physicochemical properties, excellent potency and selectivity, and good pharmacokinetics. ITI214 is found to significantly enhance memory performance in the test with a minimum effective dose of 3 mg/kg. [1]
Cilostazol-d4 is deuterium labeled Cilostazol. Cilostazol (OPC 13013) is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, the isoform of PDE 3 in the cardiovascular system, with an IC50 of 0.2 μM[1][2].
K134 is a phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor. The IC50s of K134 toward PDE3A, PDE3B, PDE5, PDE2 and PDE4 are 0.1, 0.28, 12.1, >300 and >300 µM, respectively.
BRL-50481 is a novel and selective inhibitor of PDE7 with IC50s of 0.15, 12.1, 62 and 490 μM for PDE7A, PDE7B, PDE4 and PDE3, respectively.
PDE12-IN-3 is a phosphodiesterase 12 (PDE12) inhibitor with a pXC50 of 7.68. Antiviral activity[1].
ONO-8430506 is an orally bioavailable and potent autotaxin (ATX)/ENPP2 inhibitor with the IC90 of 100 nM for ATX activity in mouse plasma[1][2][3].
PF-2545920 is a potent and selective PDE10A inhibitor with IC50 of 0.37 nM, with >1000-fold selectivity over the PDE. IC50 value: 0.37 nM [1]Target: PDE10APDE10A subcutaneously administrated at dose of 1 mg/kg elevates striatal cGMP about 3 fold in male CD-1 mice, while PDE10A subcutaneously administrated at dose of 3.2 mg/kg displays a maximal elevation of striatal cGMP approximately a 5-fold increase in male CD-1 mice. PDE10A intravenous injected at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats displays clearance of 36 ml/min/Kg, DE10A intravenous injected at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg in Dog Beagle displays clearance of 7.2 ml/min/Kg in vivo clearance with a moderate volume of distribution, DE10A intravenous injected at a dose of 0.03 mg/kg in Monkey Cynomolgus displays clearance of 13.9 ml/min/Kg in vivo clearance with a moderate volume of distribution. PDE10A is active with an ED50 of 1 mg/kg at a significantly lower total plasma exposure (115 nM) in the conditioned avoidance response assay (CAR) in Sprague-Dawley rats [1]. MP-10 intraperitoneally administrated at dose of 0.3, 3, and 5 mg/kg in male CF-1 mice causes striking increases in GluR1 phosphorylation levels of 3-, 5.4-, and 4.1-fold , respectively. MP-10 at concentration of 1 μM treats Rat striatal slices for 30 min, the level of GluR1S845 phosphorylation at the cell surface is significantly increased 2-fold, without change the level of total GluR1 on the cell surface. MP-10 intraperitoneally administrated at dose of 0.3, 3, and 5 mg/kg in male CF-1 mice results in robust, statistically significant increases in CREBS133 phosphorylation of 3-, 4-, and 2.6-fold, respectively. MP-10 intraperitoneally administrated at dose of 3 mg/kg increases both enkephalin and substance-P mRNA levels in striatum of CF-1 mice. MP-10 intraperitoneally administrated at dose of 0.3-1 mg/kg decreases avoidance responding with a significant treatment effect in the mouse CAR model. Mice treated with MP-10 at dose of 0.03 mg/kg spents more time in the empty than social side in the mice, MP-10 also dose-dependently decreased locomotor activity [2].
Enpp-1-IN-8 is a potent inhibitor of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase-phosphodiesterase 1 (enpp-1). The ENPP 1 has broad specificity and can cleave a variety of substrates, including phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars and pyrophosphate bonds nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. Enpp-1-IN-8 has the potential for the research of cancer and infectious diseases (extracted from patent WO2021203772A1, compound 51)[1].
Pimobendan hydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of PDE3 with IC50 of 0.32 μM.Target: PDE3Pimobendan exhibits selective inhibition of PDE III isolated from guinea pig cardiac muscle with IC50 of 0.32 uM compared to the inhibition of PDE I and PDE II (IC50s >30 μM). In human atrial cells, 100 μM pimobendan significantly increases the L-type calcium current (ICa(L)) (evoked by depolarization to +10 mV from a holding potential of -40 mV) by 250.4% with the half-maximal stimulation (EC50) of 1.13 μM. In rabbit atrial cells, Pimobendan increases ICa(L) at +10 mV by 67.4.%, which is significantly lower than that obtained in human atrial cells Pimobendan shows a beneficial effect on survival in the murine model of EMC virus-induced myocarditis. Administration of Pimobendan significantly increases the final survival rate from 33.6% (control) to 53.3% (0.1 mg/kg) or 66.7% (1 mg/kg). Pimobendan (1 mg/kg) also significantly reduces myocardial cellular infiltration, the level of intracardiac tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β compared with the control group, which shows no effect on myocardial necrosis, heart weight and body weight. Pimobendan suppresses expression of the intracardiac iNOS gene , causing reduction of intracardiac NO production.
Pentoxifylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor.Target: PDEPentoxifylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNF and leukotriene synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity. In addition, pentoxifylline improves red blood cell deformability, reduces blood viscosity and decreases the potential for platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. Pentoxifylline is also an antagonist at adenosine 2 receptors [1]. Pentoxifylline is generally well tolerated. Based on the totality of the available evidence, it is possible that pentoxifylline could have a place in the treatment of IC as a means of improving walking distance and as a complimentary treatment assuming all other essential measures such as lifestyle change, exercise and treatment for secondary prevention have been taken into account [2]. Pentoxifylline reduce AST and ALT levels and may improve liver histological scores in patients with NALFD/NASH, but did not appear to affect cytokines. Large, prospective, and well-designed randomized, controlled studies are needed to address this issue [3].
TDP1 Inhibitor-2 (compound 5) is a potent inhibitor for TDP1 (tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1), with an IC50 of 99 nM. TDP1 Inhibitor-2 also can inhibit SCAN1 (spinocerebellar ataxia syndrome with axonal neuropathy), with an IC50 of 3.5 μM[1].
Ilexsaponin B2 is a saponin isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. Ilexsaponin B2 is a potent phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and PDEI inhibitor with IC50 values of 48.8 μM and 477.5 μM, respectively[1].
Propentofylline is a xanthine-derivative that inhibits adenosine uptake and blocks phosphodiesterase activity. Propentofylline has neuroprotective, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects that improve cognition and dementia severity in patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia.