PDE4-IN-10 (compound 7a) is a potent PDE4 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 7.01 μM for PDE4B. PDE4-IN-10 shows selectivity, microsomal stability, inhibition of TNF-α and no major toxicities in vitro[1].
KG-548 is an ARNT/TACC3 disruptor and a HIF-1α inhibitor. KG-548 directly interferes with ARNT/TACC3 complex formation by competing with TACC3 for binding to the ARNT PAS-B domain. ARNT is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, also known as HIF-β[1][2].
Nitecapone (OR-462) is an orally active and short-acting catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor with gastroprotective and antioxidant properties. Nitecapone (OR-462) scavenges reactive oxygen and nitric radicals and prevents lipid peroxidation[1][2][3].
Cbl-b-IN-12 (Example 10) is a casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b (CBL-B) inhibitor with an IC50 of <100 nM[1].
Doxofylline-d4 is the deuterium labeled Doxofylline. Doxofylline is an antagonist of adenosine A1 receptor which also inhibits phosphodiesterase IV[1][2].
Simeprevir (TMC435; TMC435350) sodium is an oral, potent and highly specific hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor with a Ki of 0.36 nM. Simeprevir sodium inhibits HCV replication with an EC50 of 7.8 nM. Simeprevir sodium also potently suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication and synergizes with Remdesivir. Simeprevir sodium inhibits the main protease (Mpro) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2, and also modulates host immune responses[1][4].
MSDC-0602, a PPARγ-sparing thiazolidinedione (TZD), interacts with the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) and inhibits its activity and are effective for treatment of type 2 diabetes with reducing risk of PPARγ-mediated side effects[1][2].
Entacapone is a specific, potent, peripherally acting catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor with IC50 of 151 nM for PD treatment.IC50 Value: 151 nMTarget: COMTin vitro: Entacapone inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) with similar IC50 in different tissues including live, duodenum, kidney and lung, but entacapone is more active than tolcapone in those tissues. Entacapone (< 100 μM) is a potent inhibitor of α-syn and β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomerization and fibrillogenesis, and also protects against extracellular toxicity induced by the aggregation of both proteins in PC12 cells.in vivo: Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone has been shown to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of levodopa and provide superior symptomatic control compared with conventional levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor therapy. We report four case histories describing clinical experience of using levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone 200/50/200 mg, one of the latest doses of this formulation, in a range of patients with Parkinson's disease. These cases illustrate that levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone 200/50/200 mg provides improvements in symptomatic control.Clinical trial: The combination product carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone (CLE) was approved in 2003 for the treatment of PD patients.
ZK824859 is an oral available and selective urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitor with IC50s of 79 nM, 1580 nM and 1330 nM for human uPA, tPA, and plasmin, respectively[1].
CB30865(ZM 242421) is a potent inhibitor of Nampt , an enzyme present in the NAD biosynthetic pathway. IC50 value:Target: NamptCancer cells develop dependence on Nampt due to increased energy requirements and the elevated activity of NAD consuming enzymes such as sirtuins and mono and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). These findings suggest new chemical starting points for Nampt inhibitors and further implicate this enzyme as a target in cancer.
MK-2048 is a potent inhibitor of integrase and INR263K with IC50 of 2.6 nM and 1.5 nM, respectively.IC50 Value: 2.6 nM for HIV IntegraseTarget: HIV IntegraseMK-2048 is a second generation integrase inhibitor, intended to be used against HIV infection. MK-2048 inhibits subtype B and subtype C integrase activities. MK-2048 inhibits R263K mutants slightly more effectively than G118R mutants. MK-2048 inhibits S217H intasome and, by contrast, MK-2048 remains fully active against the N224H intasome. MK-2048 displays substantially lower dissociation rates compared with raltegravir, another integrase inhibitor. MK-2048 is active against viruses resistant to RAL and EVG. MK-2048 exposure leads to the selection of G118R as a possible novel resistance mutation after 19 weeks. MK-2048, with continued pressure, subsequently leads to an additional substitution, at position E138K, after 29 weeks, within the IN gene. Although the G118R mutation alone confers only slight resistance to MK-2048 but not to RAL or EVG, its presence arouses a dramatic reduction in viral replication capacity compared to wild-type NL4-3. E138K both partially restores viral replication capacity and also contributes to increased levels of resistance against MK-2048.
VP3.15 dihydrobromide is a potent, orally bioavailable and CNS-penetrant dual phosphodiesterase (PDE)7- glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.59 μM and 0.88 μM for PDE7 and GSK-3, respectively. VP3.15 dihydrobromide has neuroprotective and neuroreparative activities, thus as potential combined anti-inflammatory and pro-remyelinating therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS)[1].
BMS-303141 is a potent, cell-permeable ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.13 μM.
JZP-430 is a potent, highly selective, irreversible inhibitor of α/β-hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) with an IC50 of 44 nM, exhibits ~230-fold selectivity over fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL)[1].
Dronedarone D6 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Dronedarone. Dronedarone hydrochloride, a derivative of Amiodarone (HY-14187), is a class III antiarrhythmic agent for the study of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter. Dronedarone hydrochloride is a potent blocker of multiple ion currents, including potassium current, sodium current, and L-type calcium current, and exhibits antiadrenergic effects by noncompetitive binding to β-adrenergic receptors. Dronedarone hydrochloride is a substrate for and a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4[1][2][3][4].
IDO-IN-15 is an IDO1 inhibitor (IC50 < 0.51 nM).
GW6340 is an intestinal-specific LXR agonist. GW6340 promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport (mRCT)[1].
AZD7986 is a Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1) inhibitor with pIC50s of 6.85, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, and 7.8 in human, mouse, rat, dog and rabbit, respectively.
IGUANA-1 is a potent inhibitor of ALDH1B1, which is a mitochondrial enzyme that promotes colorectal and pancreatic cancer. IGUANA-1 has significant inhibition against cancer cells[1].
Compound 4B proved to be the most effective tyrosinase inhibitor (ic50= 3.80 μ M) It also showed good antioxidant activity.
DB04760 (compound 4) is a potent, highly selective, non-zinc-chelating MMP-13 inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM[1]. DB04760 significantly reduces paclitaxel neurotoxicity and has anticancer activity[2].
ROCK2-IN-7 is a kinase inhibitor targeting to ROCK2. ROCK2-IN-7 inhibits ROCK2/pSTAT3 Signaling. ROCK2-IN-7 suppresses systemic immunity activation and attenuates inflammation in psoriasis model[1].
Valopicitabine (NM283) dihydrochloride is a nucleoside analog and the orally bioavailable prodrug of the potent anti-HCV agent 2'-C-methylcytidine (NM107). NM107competitively inhibits NS5B polymerase, causing chain termination[1][2].
hA2A/hCA XII modulator 1 (compound 14), a triazolopirazine, is a potent hA2A adenosine receptor (hA2AAR) antagonist with Kis of 6.4 nM, 4.819 μM, >30 μM for hA2AAR, hA1AR, hA3AR, respectively. hA2A/hCA XII modulator 1 is a potent human carbonic anhydrase XII (hCA XII) inhibitor with Kis of 6.2 nM, 46 nM, 466 nM, 8.351 μM for hCA XII, hCA II, hCA IX and hCA I, respectively. hA2A/hCA XII modulator 1 has the potential for cancer research[1].
Cofrogliptin (HSK7653) (compound 2), a tetrahydropyran derivative, is a potent oral dipeptidyl aminopeptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with Long-acting antidiabetic efficacy. Cofrogliptin (compound 2) has a great potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [1].
SHP099 hydrochloride is a potent, selective and orally available SHP2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 70 nM.
(R)-Azasetron besylate (SENS-401) is an orally active calcineurin inhibitor. (R)-Azasetron besylate reduces Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced hearing loss and cochlear damage[1][2].
Brinzolamide (AL-4862) hydrochloride is a selective carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor with anIC50 value of 3.2 nM. Brinzolamide hydrochloride reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by inhibiting ciliary CA-II and decreasing atrial fluid secretion. Brinzolamide hydrochloride can be used in glaucoma disease research[1][2].
BDM-2 is an IN-LEDGF allosteric inhibitor (INLAI) of HIV-1 integrase (IN refers to integrase) (IC50=47 nM) with potent anti-Retroviral (ARV) activity. BDM-2 shows IN multimerization activation effect with an AC50 value of 20 nM. BDM-2 blocks the interaction between the catalytic core domain of IN (IN-CCD) and the Integrase binding domain of LEDGF/p75 (IBD), with an IC50 value of 0.15 μM. BDM-2 exhibits highly selective and favorable cytotoxicity[1].
FTI-277 Hcl is an inhibitor of farnesyl transferase (FTase); a highly potent Ras CAAX peptidomimetic which antagonizes both H- and K-Ras oncogenic signaling.IC50 value:Target: FTase inhibitorin vitro: Treatment with FTI-277 (20 microM) for 48 h prior to irradiation led to a significant decrease in survival of radioresistant cells expressing the 24-kDa isoform (HeLa 3A) but had no effect on the survival of control cells (HeLa PINA). The radiosensitizing effect of FTI-277 is accompanied by a stimulation of postmitotic cell death in HeLa 3A cells and by a reduction in G(2)/M-phase arrest in both cell types [1]. Treatment of PC-3 cells with GGTI-298 and FTI-277 inhibited migration and invasion in a time- and dose-dependent manner [3].in vivo: FTI-277 treatment prevented increased PTP-1B and PTEN protein expression in burned mice as compared with vehicle alone. In contrast, FTI-277 did not significantly alter protein expression of PTP-1B and PTEN in sham-burned mice [2].